Citizen Emperor (211 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 89 . | Lafayette, Mémoires , v. pp. 455, 459–62; Paul Chanson, Lafayette et Napoléon (Lyons, 1958), pp. 281–338; Harlow Giles Unger, Lafayette (Hoboken, NJ, 2002), p. 345. |
| 90 . | Moniteur universel , 22 June 1815; Thibaudeau, Mémoires , p. 510. |
| 91 . | Moniteur universel , 22 June 1815; Bertaud, L’abdication , pp. 126–8. |
| 92 . | Bertaud, L’abdication , p. 144. |
| 93 . | Lucien Bonaparte, La vérité sur les Cent-Jours (Paris, 1835), pp. 56–61. |
| 94 . | Cited in Gilbert Martineau, Napoleon Surrenders , trans. Frances Partridge (London, 1971), p. 22. |
| 95 . | Esquisse historique sur les Cent Jours (Paris, 1819), pp. 39–40. |
| 96 . | Bertaud, L’abdication , pp. 136–8. |
| 97 . | On the political machinations of the Chamber during these days and hours see Martineau, Napoleon Surrenders , pp. 17–30; Bertaud, L’abdication , esp. here pp. 145–51. |
| 98 . | Norman MacKenzie, Fallen Eagle: How the Royal Navy Captured Napoleon (London, 2009), p. 52. |
| 99 . | Esquisse historique sur les Cent-Jours , p. 44. |
100
. Houssaye,
1815
, iii. p. 46.
101
. Bertaud,
L’abdication
, pp. 155–7.
102
. Bertaud,
L’abdication
, pp. 163–6.
103
. Montholon,
Récits
, i. pp. 2–25.
104
. Martineau,
Napoleon Surrenders
, p. 31.
105
. Bertaud,
L’abdication
, pp. 166–9.
106
. Martineau,
Napoleon Surrenders
, p. 31.
107
. See Bertaud,
L’abdication
, pp. 198–208, 233–43, 259–79, 283–92.
108
. Wellington to Bathurst (2 July 1815), in Wellington,
The Dispatches
, xii. p. 535.
109
.
Corr.
xxviii. n. 22063 (22 June 1815).
110
. For an interesting reflection on abdication in an earlier period see Jacques Le Brun,
Le pouvoir d’abdiquer: essai sur la déchéance volontaire
(Paris, 2009), pp. 7–13, 247–67.
111
. Constant,
Mémoires sur les Cent-Jours
, pp. 285–91.
Epilogue
| 1 . | Hortense, Memoirs , ii. pp. 186–7. |
| 2 . | Corr. xxviii. n. 22065 (25 June 1815). |
| 3 . | Albine de Montholon, Souvenirs de Sainte-Hélène par la comtesse de Montholon, 1815–1816 (Paris, 1901), p. 19. |
| 4 . | Hortense, Memoirs , ii. p. 187. |
| 5 . | Hortense, Memoirs , ii. p. 191. |
| 6 . | Corr. xxviii. n. 22064 (25 June 1815). |
| 7 . | Muffling, Memoirs , p. 274 (29 June 1815). |
| 8 . | Frances Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine: The Biography of a Marriage (New York, 1964), p. 402. |
| 9 . | Marchand, Mémoires , pp. 246–7. |
| 10 . | Henri Gatien Bertrand, Lettres à Fanny: 1808–1815 , annotated by Suzanne de La Vaissière-Orfila (Paris, 1979), p. 451. |
| 11 . | MacKenzie, Fallen Eagle , p. 126; David Cordingly, The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon: The Biography of a Ship of the Line, 1782–1836 (London, 2004), p. 1. |
| 12 . | Frederick Lewis Maitland, Narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte and of his residence on H.M.S. Bellerophon (London, 1826), pp. 12–16; Cordingly, The Billy Ruffian , pp. 3, 232–3. |
| 13 . | Paul Ganière, Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène (Paris, 1998), p. 11. |
| 14 . | Montholon, Récits , i. pp. 70–1. |
| 15 . | MacKenzie, Fallen Eagle , pp. 100, 104. |
| 16 . | MacKenzie, Fallen Eagle , p. 105. |
| 17 . | According to the Relation de la mission du Lieutenant-général comte Becker auprès de l’empereur Napoléon depuis la seconde abdication jusqu’au passage à bord du Béllérophon (Clermont-Ferrand, 1841); Houssaye, 1815 , iii. pp. 364, 367–8. |
| 18 . | Jonathan Miles, The Wreck of the Medusa: The Most Famous Sea Disaster of the Nineteenth Century (New York, 2007); Alexander McKee, Wreck of the Medusa: Mutiny, Murder, and Survival on the High Seas (New York, 2007). |
| 19 . | For the following, Ganière, Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène , pp. 20–1. A French Captain Besson, commanding the Danish sloop Magdaline , also offered his services at Rochefort, but was similarly rebuffed. |
| 20 . | François-Antoine Lallemand, ‘Embarquement de l’Empereur à Rochefort. Notes du général baron Charles Lallemand’, Nouvelle Revue rétrospective , 11 (July–December 1899), 1–14. |
| 21 . | Michael John Thornton, Napoleon after Waterloo: England and the St. Helena Decision (Stanford, Calif., 1968), p. 15. |
| 22 . | One of those minor controversies that appear to have raged as soon as Maitland’s book appeared. It was refuted by Félix Barthe, Refutation de la relation du Capitaine Maitland, touchant l’embarquement de Napoleon à son bord (Paris, 1827). |
| 23 . | Maitland, Narrative of the surrender , p. 35. |
| 24 . | Thornton, Napoleon after Waterloo , pp. 21–2. |
| 25 . | See his letter to Bertrand in Maitland, Narrative of the surrender , pp. 30–2. |
| 26 . | Ganière, Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène , pp. 31–5. |
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