Citizen Emperor (207 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 69 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , pp. 422–3. |
| 70 . | Forgues (ed.), Mémoires de Vitrolles , ii. pp. 283–6. |
| 71 . | Moniteur universel , 7 March 1815. |
| 72 . | Moniteur universel , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 18, 19 March 1814. The Moniteur underplayed Napoleon’s progress through France, exaggerating the support for the monarchy, never suggesting Napoleon was about to arrive in Paris. |
| 73 . | Firmin-Didot, Royauté ou empire , p. 273 (5 and 6 March 1815); Waresquiel, Les Cents Jours , pp. 35, 184. |
| 74 . | Staël, Considérations , iii. p. 128; Peter Fritzsche, ‘How Nostalgia Narrates Modernity’, in Alon Confino and Peter Fritzsche (eds), The Work of Memory: New Directions in the Study of German Society and Culture (Urbana, 2002), p. 70. |
| 75 . | Abrantès, Mémoires , xviii. p. 306. |
| 76 . | Lavalette, Mémoires , p. 332. |
| 77 . | Hippolyte Carnot, Mémoires sur Carnot par son fils , 2 vols (Paris, 1861–3), ii. pp. 404–5. |
| 78 . | Broglie, Souvenirs , i. pp. 296–7. |
| 79 . | Duchesse de Maillé, Souvenirs des deux Restaurations: journal inédit (Paris, 1984), pp. 29–30. |
| 80 . | Cited in Coote, Napoleon and the Hundred Days , p. 131. |
| 81 . | Gallatin, Diary , pp. 65–6 (19 and 20 March 1815). |
| 82 . | Jules Michelet, Ma jeunesse (Paris, 1884), pp. 133. |
| 83 . | Gazette de France , 22 April 1815; Auguste Jal, Souvenirs d’un homme de lettres (1795–1873) (Paris, 1877), p. 255. |
| 84 . | Waresquiel, Les Cents Jours , p. 53. |
| 85 . | On this episode see Jacques Berriat-Saint-Prix, Napoléon Ier à Grenoble, histoire du 7 mars 1815 (Grenoble, 1861), pp. 66–79; Chuquet (ed.), Lettres de 1815 , pp. 89–93, 109–18; MacKenzie, Escape from Elba , pp. 245–6. |
| 86 . | Peyrusse, Mémorial , pp. 286–7. There is a detailed account of this episode in General Randon, ‘Retour de l’Île d’Elbe’, Revue de l’Empire , v (1847), 329–41. |
| 87 . | This gesture was also recorded in letters of the day. See, for example, Sophie et Anthelme Troussier, La Chevauchée héroïque du retour de l’île d’Elbe (Lausanne, 1964), p. 143; Austin, 1815 , pp. 142–8. |
| 88 . | Bernstorff, Ein Bild aus der Zeit , i. p. 178. |
| 89 . | Cited in MacKenzie, Escape from Elba , p. 248. |
| 90 . | Raymond Horricks, Military Politics from Bonaparte to the Bourbons: The Life and Death of Michel Ney, 1769–1815 (New Brunswick, 1995), pp. 188–99; Frédéric Hulot, Le maréchal Ney (Paris, 2000), pp. 193–207. Ney was later tried and executed. On his trial and rehabilitation see Michel Désiré Pierre, Ney, du procès politique à la réhabilitation du ‘Brave des braves’: 1815–1991 (Paris, 2003). |
| 91 . | Now a popular tourist itinerary, the National 85 corresponds imperfectly with the route taken to reach Paris, but it has been known as the ‘Route Napoléon’ since 1932. See Chollier, La vraie Route Napoléon ; René Reymond, La route Napoléon: de l’Île d’Elbe aux Tuileries (Lyons, 1985); Régis Bertrand, ‘De “l’itinéraire de Buonaparte” à la “Route Napoléon”: mémoire écrite et monuments commémoratifs’, Recherches régionales , 185 (2007), 83–90. |
| 92 . | Jal, Souvenirs d’un homme de lettres , pp. 253–4; Rémusat, Mémoires de ma vie , i. p. 191. |
| 93 . | Jean-Marie Roulin, ‘Le Retour des Cendres de Napoléon: une cérémonie palimseste’, in Corinne and Eric Perrin-Saminadayar (eds), Imaginaire et représentations des entrées royales au XIXe siècle: une sémiologie du pouvoir politique (Saint-Etienne, 2006), p. 83. |
| 94 . | Waresquiel, Les Cents Jours , p. 90. |
| 95 . | Léon G. Palissier, ‘Les Cent-Jours. Passage de l’Empereur à Grenoble (mars 1815). Journal du colonel de gendarmerie Jubé’, Nouvelle Revue rétrospective , 3 (July–December 1895), 73–100. |
| 96 . | Marchand, Mémoires , pp. 182. |
| 97 . | Agricol Perdiguier, Mémoires d’un compagnon (Paris, 2002), p. 76. |
| 98 . | Waresquiel, Les Cents Jours , pp. 90–1. |
| 99 . | J.-B. Robineau-Desvoidy, Le 17 mars 1815 (Auxerre, 1829). On the republicanism of many of Napoleon’s supporters see Georges Weil, ‘L’idée républicaine en France pendant la Restauration’, Revue d’histoire moderne , 2 (1927), 321–48. |
100
. Alan Schom,
One Hundred Days: Napoleon’s Road to Waterloo
(New York, 1992), p. 50. She had no intention of doing so, however. On 18 March, she wrote to her father reaffirming her commitment to stay under his protection. Fournier,
Marie-Louise et la chute de Napoléon
, pp. 23–4. A little later, once in Paris, Napoleon would write to Francis asking Marie-Louise to be allowed to travel to Strasbourg (
Corr.
xxviii. n. 21753 (1 April 1815)).
101
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 344.
102
. Michel Fleury (ed.),
Souvenirs inédits de M. le comte Chabrol de Volvic
(Paris, 2002), pp. 23–4.
103
. Léon-Michel Routier,
Récits d’un soldat: de la République et de l’Empire
(Paris, 2004), p. 176; Gallatin,
Diary
, p. 66 (20 March 1815); Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 345; Planat de la Faye,
Vie de Planat de la Faye
, pp. 199–200; Thiébault,
Mémoires
, v. p. 295; baron Hennet de Goutel, ‘Les derniers jours de l’Empire racontés par un Cent-Suisse, d’après le journal inédit de M. de Marsilly (1811–1816)’,
Revue des études napoléoniennes
, 13 (1918), 278–9 (20 March 1815).
104
. Thiébault,
Mémoires
, v. p. 295.
105
. Alexandre-Louis-Joseph, comte de La Borde,
Quarante-huit heures de garde au château des Tuileries pendant les journées des 19 et 20 mars 1815, par un grenadier de la Garde Nationale
(Paris, 1816), p. 20; Fontaine,
Journal
, i. pp. 447–8 (20 March 1815).
106
. Eynard,
Journal
, ii. pp. 264–5 (8 August 1815).
107
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, pp. 343–5.
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