Citizen Emperor (184 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
136
. Alphonse Rabbe,
Résumé de l’histoire de Russie depuis l’établissement de Rourik . . . jusqu’à nos jours
(Paris, 1825), pp. 595–6.
19: ‘The Struggle of Obstinacy’
| 1 . | Méneval, Mémoires , iii. p. 62. For a description of the city see G. Lecointe de Laveau, Moscou avant et après l’incendie (Paris, 1814), pp. 1–13. |
| 2 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , p. 183. |
| 3 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , pp. 331–2; Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 13; Faure, Souvenirs du Nord , pp. 51–2; Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 , pp. 183–6. |
| 4 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 13; Combe, Mémoires , pp. 100–1. |
| 5 . | Guillaume Peyrusse, Lettres inédites du baron Guillaume Peyrusse, écrites à son frère André, pendant les campagnes de l’empire, de 1809 à 1814 (Paris, 1894), p. 100 (22 September 1812). |
| 6 . | Paul Bairoch, ‘Une nouvelle distribution des populations: villes et campagnes’, in Jean-Pierre Bardet et Jacques Dupâquier (eds), Histoire des populations de l’Europe , 3 vols (Paris, 1997), ii. p. 211; Alexander M. Martin, ‘Down and Out in 1812: The Impact of the Napoleonic Invasion on Moscow’s Middling Strata’, in Roger Bartlett and Gabriella Lehmann-Carli (eds), Eighteenth-Century Russia: Society, Culture, Economy (Münster, 2008), p. 430. |
| 7 . | Mavor (ed.), The Grand Tours of Katherine Wilmot , pp. 145–6; Constantin de Grunwald, Société et civilisation russes au XIXe siècle (Paris, 1975), pp. 41–5; Torrance, ‘Some Russian Attitudes to France’, 294. |
| 8 . | Martin, ‘Lost Arcadia’, 609. |
| 9 . | Count Ysarn Dunin-Stryzewski to his wife (12 October 1812). Also Prosper to his father-in-law (15 October), in Lettres interceptées , pp. 79, 148. |
| 10 . | Martin, ‘The Response of the Population of Moscow’, pp. 469–70. |
| 11 . | On this see Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 210–11. |
| 12 . | A. A. Orlov, ‘Britons in Moscow’, History Today , 53/7 (2003), 18–19. The figures are from Martin, ‘The Response of the Population of Moscow’, pp. 473, 474, based on a police report; Nordhof, Die Geschichte der Zerstörung Moskaus , p. 166 n. 218; Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 576 n. 5. |
| 13 . | Ségur, Histoire et mémoires , v. p. 57. |
| 14 . | Ducque, Journal , pp. 26–7. |
| 15 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 13–16. |
| 16 . | Martin, ‘The Response of the Population of Moscow’, p. 479. |
| 17 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , p. 332. |
| 18 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , p. 241. See also Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 194, 196, 197; Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , pp. 103–4; Duverger, Mes aventures , p. 8. |
| 19 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 259; Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 , p. 191. |
| 20 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 408. About 260,000 men were still operating in various parts of Russia at this point (Ralph Ashby, Napoleon against Great Odds: The Emperor and the Defenders of France, 1814 (Santa Barbara, Calif., 2010), pp. 12–13). About 100,000 of those had been left to guard the route to Moscow (Marie-Pierre Rey, ‘De l’uniforme à l’accoutrement: une métaphore de la retraite? Réalité et symbolique du vêtement dans la campagne de Russie de 1812’, in Natalie Petiteau, Jean-Marc Olivier and Sylvie Caucanas (eds), Les Européens dans les guerre napoléoniennes (Toulouse, 2012), p. 238). |
| 21 . | Paradis to Bonnegrâce (20 September 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 19. |
| 22 . | Ducque, Journal , p. 27. |
| 23 . | Martin, ‘The Response of the Population of Moscow’, p. 476. |
| 24 . | Frédéric List to his wife (22 September 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 26. Most others had suffered the same conditions (R.S. to Mme Lebrun (13 October 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 81). |
| 25 . | Captain Richard to Colonel Borthon (22 September 1812), in Lettres interceptées , pp. 333–4. |
| 26 . | General Baraguay d’Hilliers to his wife (31 October 1812), in Lettres interceptées , pp. 343–4. |
| 27 . | Baron Boulart to his wife (1 November 1812), in Lettres interceptées , pp. 184–5. |
| 28 . | Germaine de Staël-Holstein, Dix années d’exil (Paris, 1904), p. 311; Angelica Goodden, Madame de Staël: The Dangerous Exile (Oxford, 2008), pp. 204–16. |
| 29 . | Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , pp. 125–36. |
| 30 . | Nordhof, Die Geschichte der Zerstörung Moskaus , pp. 113, 118, 133–5, 143–5, 146. |
| 31 . | Torrance, ‘Some Russian Attitudes to France’, 294. |
| 32 . | For the following, Marina Peltzer, ‘Imagerie populaire et caricature: la graphique politique antinapoléonienne en Russie et ses antécédents pétroviens’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes , 48 (1985), 190; and Marina Peltzer, ‘Peasants, Cossacks, “Black Tsar”: Russian Caricatures of Napoleon during the Wars of 1812 to 1814’, in Alan Forrest, Etienne François and Karen Hagemann (eds), War Memories: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Modern European Culture (Basingstoke, 2012). |
| 33 . | Martin, ‘Lost Arcadia’, 612. |
| 34 . | Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , p. 128. |
| 35 . | Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , p. 135. |
| 36 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 320. |
| 37 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 294. |
| 38 . | Nordhof, Die Geschichte der Zerstörung Moskaus , pp. 154–6; Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , pp. 129–30. |
| 39 . | Torrance, ‘Some Russian Attitudes to France’, 296. |
| 40 . | Cited in Torrance, ‘Some Russian Attitudes to France’, 296–7. |
| 41 . | Edling, Mémoires , pp. 74–6; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 210. |
Other books
THE DEVILS DIME by Bristol, Bailey
The Heartbeat Thief by AJ Krafton, Ash Krafton
Before I Wake by Dee Henderson
Sophie's Dilemma by Lauraine Snelling
The Island of Excess Love by Francesca Lia Block
My Misspent Youth by Meghan Daum
Scratch Fever by Collins, Max Allan
The Raging Hearts: The Coltrane Saga, Book 2 by Patricia Hagan
DeadlySuspicious.epub by Amarinda Jones