Citizen Emperor (188 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 5 . | Henri Beyle to Comtesse Daru (9 November 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 242. |
| 6 . | Alexandre de Bergognié to Ailhaud de Méouille (9 November 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 222. |
| 7 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , p. 332; Joachim-Joseph Delmarche, Les Soirées du grenadier français de la Grande Armée, ou Principaux faits, actions, souffrances et dénuemens du sieur Joachim-Joseph Delmarche (Rocroy, 1849), p. 41. |
| 8 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 333–5;, Mémoires , ii. pp. 124–5; François, Journal , pp. 682–3 (13 November 1812); Lignières, Souvenirs de la Grande Armée , pp. 121–2; Planat de la Faye, Vie de Planat de la Faye , p. 99. |
| 9 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 63. |
| 10 . | Auguste Bonet to Bordes the younger (11 November 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 290; Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 64. |
| 11 . | François Frenel to his mother (11 November 1812), in Lettres interceptées , p. 295; Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 439. |
| 12 . | Gardier, Journal , p. 63. |
| 13 . | Corr. xxiv. nos. 19328, 19329, 19331–19336 (9 and 12 November 1812). |
| 14 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 409. The figure was 50,000 according to Boudon, Le roi Jérôme , p. 385. |
| 15 . | Delmarche, Les soirées du grenadier français , p. 30. Although he later managed to find a horse. |
| 16 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 439. |
| 17 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 65. |
| 18 . | François, Journal , p. 674 (1 November 1812); Uexküll (ed.), Arms and the Woman , pp. 99, 100 (16, 17, 18 and 24 October). |
| 19 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , p. 283. It was something that had been going on for some months. Lejeune recalls that the first time he saw horses being cut up for meat was shortly after the battle of Borodino, at Mozhaisk, in September (Lejeune, Mémoires , p. 400). |
| 20 . | Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , p. 124. |
| 21 . | Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , p. 124. |
| 22 . | Castellane, Journal , i. p. 195 (27 November 1812). |
| 23 . | Bourgeois, Tableau de la campagne de Moscou , p. 117. |
| 24 . | Ducque, Journal , p. 45; Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , pp. 62–3; Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 300, 305. |
| 25 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 70. |
| 26 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 63. |
| 27 . | François, Journal , p. 691 (24 November 1812). |
| 28 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , pp. 72, 83; Paixhans, Retraite de Moscou , p. 43. |
| 29 . | Vionnet de Maringoné, Souvenirs , pp. 78–9. |
| 30 . | Lagneau, Journal , p. 236; Bourgeois, Tableau de la campagne de Moscou , pp. 103–4. Also Denniée, Itinéraire de l’empereur Napoléon , pp. 134–5. |
| 31 . | Lagneau, Journal , p. 237. |
| 32 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , iii. p. 341 n. 1; Louis Etienne Saint-Denis, Souvenirs du Mameluck Ali sur l’empereur Napoléon (Paris, 2000), pp. 62–3. |
| 33 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 440; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 267–8. |
| 34 . | According to Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 132–3. |
| 35 . | Robert Thomas Wilson, Private Diary of Travels, Personal Services, and Public Events, During Mission and Employment with the European Armies in the Campaigns of 1812, 1813, 1814, from the Invasion of Russia to the Capture of Paris , 2 vols (London, 1861), i. pp. 221, 222, 226. |
| 36 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , p. 346. |
| 37 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 132; Constant, Mémoires , v. p. 129; Marie-Théodore Gueilly, comte de Rumigny, Souvenirs du général comte de Rumigny, aide de camp du roi Louis-Philippe (1789–1860) (Paris, 1821), p. 64. |
| 38 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , ii. p. 90. |
| 39 . | Roos, Souvenirs , pp. 130–1 (around 4–5 November); François, Journal , p. 675 (1 November 1812); Vaucorbeil, ‘Mémoires inédits’, 44. |
| 40 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 216–17. |
| 41 . | Wilson, Private Diary of Travels , i. p. 215. |
| 42 . | See Uexküll (ed.), Arms and the Woman , p. 89 (7–12 September 1812); and the harrowing account in Marie-Christiane Torrance, ‘Les témoignages des mémorialistes russes’, Revue de l’Institut Napoléon , 135 (1979), 28. |
| 43 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 245–6. |
| 44 . | Stephen M. Norris, A War of Images: Russian Popular Prints, Wartime Culture, and National Identity, 1812–1945 (DeKalb, Ill., 2006), p. 21. |
| 45 . | See Denis Vasil’evich Davydov, In the Service of the Tsar against Napoleon: The Memoirs of Denis Davidov, 1806–1814 , trans. and ed. Gregory Troubetzkoy (London, 1999), pp. 134–5; Löwenstern, Mémoires , i. pp. 294–5; Wilson, Private Diary of Travels , i. pp. 214–15; Faure, Souvenirs du Nord , p. 74. |
| 46 . | Figures are from Janet Hartley, ‘Napoleonic Prisoners in Russia’, in Natalia Iu. Erpyleva, Maryann E. Gashi-Butler and Jane E. Henderson (eds), Forging a Common Legal Destiny: Liber Amicorum in Honour of William E. Butler (London, 2005), pp. 716, 719. |
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