Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany (48 page)
Read Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany Online
Authors: Richard Lucas
Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Bisac Code 1: BIO022000, #Biography, #History
65
IBDB (
www.ibdb.com
).
66
Letter from Mrs. Allan C. Long to John Nelson dated March 30, 1966. Delaware, Ohio: Ohio Wesleyan University Archives. No legal record of such a marriage has been located, so Mildred may have considered herself a common-law wife. Later in life, she claimed to have never married.
67
The Port Arthur News
, Port Arthur, TX, January 17, 1926, p. 10.
68
Research notes for
The Trials of Axis Sally
, op. cit., p. 23.
69
Ibid.
70
Ibid., p. 24.
71
The Port Arthur News
Port Arthur, TX, January 17, 1926, op. cit.
72
Ibid., p. 25.
73
Inez Robb (1950) “Remember when Millie Dived under the Bed?”
The Lima
News
Lima, OH, April 18, p. 6.
74
Ibid.
*
Interestingly, Mildred took the surname of her real-life former fiancé (Calvin Elliott) for her fictional bride.
3. Expatriate
75
FBI Report on interview of Mario Korbel, November 25, 1943, FBI HQ Files, College Park MD: NARA p 1.
During her 1949 trial, the prosecution would intimate that Korbel gave her the money in exchange for a liaison. Mildred angrily insisted that the money was a loan.
76
Ronald Weber (2006)
News of Paris.
Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, p. 5.
77
Passenger List of United States Citizens for the SS
Majestic
voyage from Cherbourg to New York, 16 October 1929, p. 22.
78
Robert VanGiezen and Albert E Schwenk (2001) “Compensation from before World War I through the Great Depression,” Washington DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics (originally printed in
Compensation and Working Conditions,
US Department of Labor—Bureau of Labor Statistics, Fall 2001).
79
Author’s transcript of “Midge at the Mike” recording, dated July 1943. Washington DC: Library of Congress.
80
Paul Beekman Taylor (2004)
Gurdjieff’s America.
Lighthouse Editions Ltd, p. 215.
81
Paul Beekman Taylor (1998)
Shadows of Heaven: Gurdjieff and Toomer.
San
Francisco: Samuel Weiser, p. 70.
82
James Carruthers Young (1998) “An Experiment at Fontainebleau: A Personal Reminiscence,”
Gurdjieff International Review
, Summer, p. 42.
83
Taylor, op. cit., p. 23.
84
Syracuse Herald
, February 17, 1924, p. 1.
85
Abridged transcript of
U.S. v. Gillars (Sisk)
, op. cit., p. 26.
86
Charles K. McClatchy (1929) “Algiers: the Beautiful also the Most Filthy,”
Fresno Bee
, March 8, p. 1.
87
Abridged transcript of
U.S. v. Gillars (Sisk)
, op. cit., p. 27.
88
Diplomatic List of the British Foreign Office (1944), courtesy British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Bernard Metz later advised in the planning of the US and British invasion of North Africa and joined the American Military Civil Affairs Administration after the Allies regained North Africa in 1942. Paul Beekman Taylor recalls his mother Edith telling him in 1945–46 that Metz had to leave Algiers “in a hurry” because he was engaged in “some sort of espionage.” (Taylor,
Gurdjieff’s America
, p. 215.) He later changed his name to Bernard Mayne and immigrated to the United States. He died in Florida in 1981.
89
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, Ohio, November 20, 1995, p. B1
90
William R. Shirer (1941)
Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent
1934-41
. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal (2005 edition), p. 13.
91
Abridged transcript of
U.S. v. Gillars (Sisk)
, op. cit., p. 28.
92
Ibid.
93
New York Times
, June 7, 1933.
94
Abridged transcript of
U.S. v. Gillars (Sisk)
, op. cit. p. 29.
95
Ibid., p. 30.
96
Ibid.
97
Abridged transcript of
U.S. v. Gillars (Sisk)
, op. cit., p. 30.
98
Claire Trask (1934) “And Turbulently Flows the Rhine,”
New York Times,
December 30.
99
Claire Trask (1934) “A Jewish Playhouse in Berlin,”
New York Times
, April 8. Hans Hinkel was later transferred to the Propaganda Ministry where Goebbels eventually appointed him responsible for film.
100
Claire Trask (1935) “Berlin Ends the Drama Season,”
New York Times
, July 28.
101
Author’s transcript of “Midge at the Mike” recording, dated July 1943. Washington DC: Library of Congress.
102
Ibid.
103
Claire Trask (1936) “Broadway Melody Echoes in Berlin,”
New York Times,
April 26.
104
Klaus Kreimeier (1996)
The UFA Story: A History of Germany’s Greatest Film
Company 1918–1945
. NewYork: Hill & Wang, p. 246.
105
Ibid., pp. 256–7.
106
“Unhalting Nazis,” T
ime,
December 7, 1936.
107
Claire Trask, “The Screen in Germany,”
New York Times,
March 13, 1937
108
Variety
, January 19, 1938, p. 19.
109
Abridged transcript of U.S v. Gillars (Sisk), op. cit. p. 30.
Ironically, many of these favored “Aryans” in Nazi-sponsored cinema were not German. Zarah Leander and Kristina Söderbaum were Swedish; Lilian Harvey was born in England.
110
Variety
, January 12, 1938, p. 27.
111
Variety
, January 26, 1938, p. 23.
112
Variety
, June 1, 1938, p. 37.
113
Martin Gilbert (2006)
Kristallnacht,
New York: HarperCollins, p. 124.
114
Star-Beacon
, Ashtabula, Ohio, November 20, 1995, p. B1
115
Ibid.
4. Wolves at the Door
116
Research notes for “The Trials of Axis Sally,” condensation of
US v. Gillars
(Sisk)
Trial Transcript, p. 48.
117
Ibid., p. 33.
118
Peter Martland,
Lord Haw Haw: The English Voice of Nazi Germany
, Latham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, 2003, p. 38.
119
Tom Hickman,
What Did You Do in the War, Auntie? The BBC at War,
1939–1945
, London: BBC Publishing, 1996, p. 16.
120
Ibid., p. 16.
121
Radio Station PCJ (Hilversum) and Radio Luxembourg were two of the most powerful and popular shortwave stations of the 1930s.
122
Transcription of “The Broadcasts of Lord Haw Haw” audio, May 1940, Courtesy: Earthstation One.
123
Ibid.
124
The USA Zone was the department responsible for programming to the United States and Canada.
125
Ralf Georg Reuth, trans.: Krishna Winston.
Goebbels
, Orlando: Harcourt Inc. 1993, p. 257.
126
Ibid.
127
Ibid. p. 283.
128
Memorandum from Dr Markus Timmler, Radio and Culture Department of the German Foreign Office, dated 20 March 1940. Archive of the German Foreign Office—Political Radio Department. Bundesarchiv, Berlin, Germany.
129
Research notes for “The Trials of Axis Sally,” op. cit., p. 34.
130
Statement of Erwin Christiani to the FBI at US Department of Justice Interrogation Center at Holminden, Germany, 1 October 1948. National Archives and Records Administration.
131
Statement of Mario Balto at US Department of Justice Interrogation Center at Holminden, Germany, National Archives and Records Administration.
132
Statement of Werner Berger taken at the Department of Justice Interrogation Center at Holminden, Germany. 22 April 1948, National Archives and Records Administration, p. 2.
133
Ibid.
134
John Bartlow Martin, “The Trials of Axis Sally,”
McCall’s,
June 1949, p. 112.
135
US Department of Justice Press Release on the Indictment of Max Otto Koischwitz, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel, Ezra Pound, Robert H. Best, Frederick W. Kaltenbach, Jane Anderson and Douglas Chandler, 26 July 1943. Francis Biddle Papers, Georgetown University, p. 13.
136
Ibid., pp. 111–12.
137
John Carver Edwards.
Berlin Calling, New York: Praeger Publishing 1991
, p. 68.
138
Ibid., p. 72.
139
Horst J.P. Bergmeier and Rainer E. Lots Hitler’s Airwaves New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. 56
140
“Koischwitz Broadcasts Nazi Propaganda to America,”
The Hour
, 20 July 1940, no. 54, p. 4.
141
Ibid., p. 73.
142
Ibid., p. 75.
143
Research notes for “The Trials of Axis Sally.” op. cit., p. 43.
144
New York Times
, 24 February 1949, p. 5.
145
John Bartlow Martin, op. cit., p. 111.
146
New York Times
. 24 February 1949, p. 5.