Atkins Diabetes Revolution (68 page)

19. McCarty, M. F.,“Toward a Wholly Nutritional Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
,” Medical Hypotheses,
54(3), 2000, pages 483–487.

20. Koutsikos, D., Agroyannis, B., Tzanatos-Exarchou, H., “Biotin for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy,”
Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy,
44(10), 1990, pages 511–514.

21. Maffucci, T., Brancaccio, A., Piccolo, E., et al., “Insulin Induces Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate Formation through Tc10 Activation
,” EMBO Journal,
22(16), 2003, pages 4178–4189.

22. Jones, A. W., Geisbuhler, B. B., Shukla, S. D., et al., “Altered Biochemical and Functional Responses in Aorta from Hypertensive Rats
,” Hypertension,
11(6 Pt 2), 1988, pages 627–634.

23. Anderson, R. A.,“Chromium, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes,”
Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
17(6), 1998, pages 548–555.

24. Ducros,V.,“Chromium Metabolism.A Literature Review
,” Biological Trace Element Research,
32, 1992, pages 65–77.

25. Anderson, R. A., Cheng, N., Bryden, N. A., et al.,“Elevated Intakes of Supplemental Chromium Improve Glucose and Insulin Variables in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes,”
Diabetes,
46(11), 1997, pages 1786–1791.

26. Anderson, R. A.,“Chromium, Glucose Intolerance and Diabetes,”
Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
17(6), 1998, pages 548–555.

27. Stearns, D. M., Silveira, S. M., Wolf, K. K., et al., “Chromium(III) Tris(Picolinate) Is Mutagenic at the Hypoxanthine (Guanine) Phosphoribosyltransferase Locus in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells,”
Mutation Research,
513(1–2), 2002, pages 135–142.

28. Kao, W. H., Folsom, A. R., Nieto, F. J., et al., “Serum and Dietary Magnesium and the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study,”
Archives of Internal Medicine,
159(18), 1999, pages 2151–2159.

29. Rodriguez-Moran, M., Guerrero-Romero, F., “Oral Magnesium Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
,” Diabetes Care,
26(4), 2003, pages 1147–1152.

30. White,J. R., Campbell, R. K., “Magnesium and Diabetes: A Review,”
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy,
27(6),1993,pages 775–780.

31. Bauman, W. A., Shaw, S., Jayatilleke, E., et al.,“Increased Intake of Calcium Reverses Vitamin B12 Malabsorption Induced by Metformin,”
Diabetes Care,
23(9), 2000, pages 1227–1231.

32. Trumbo, P., Schlicker, S., Yates, A. A., et al.,“Dietary Reference In- takes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids
,” Journal of the American Dietetic
Association,
102(11), 2002, pages 1621–1630.

33. Zemel, M. B., “Role of Dietary Calcium and Dairy Products in Modulating Adiposity,”
Lipids,
38(2), 2003, pages 139–146.

34. DiSilvestro,R.A.,“Zinc in Relation to Diabetes and Oxidative Disease
,” Journal of Nutrition,
130(5S), 2000, pages 1509S-1511S.

35. Chausmer,A. B.,“Zinc, Insulin and Diabetes
,” Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
17(2), 1998, pages 109–115.

36. Fernandez-Real, J. M., Lopez-Bermejo, A., Ricart, W.,“Cross-Talk between Iron Metabolism and Diabetes,”
Diabetes,
51(8), 2002, pages 2348–2354.

37. Jiang, R., Manson, J. E., Meigs, J. B., et al.,“Body Iron Stores in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Apparently Healthy Women,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
291(6), 2004, pages 711–717.

38. Hodgson, J. M.,Watts, G. F., Playford, D.A., et al.,“Coenzyme Q10 Improves Blood Pressure and Glycaemic Control: A Controlled Trial in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes,”
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
56(11), 2002, pages 1137–1142.

39. van Loon, L. J., Kruijshoop, M., Menheere, P. P., et al.,“Amino Acid Ingestion Strongly Enhances Insulin Secretion in Patients with Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes,”
Diabetes Care,
26(3), 2003, pages 625–630.

40. Layman, D. K., Shiue, H., Sather, C., et al.,“Increased Dietary Protein Modifies Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Adult Women During Weight Loss,”
Journal of Nutrition,
133(2), 2003, pages 405–410.

41. Muller, D. M., Seim, H., Kiess, W., et al., “Effects of Oral L-Carnitine Supplementation on in Vivo Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation in Healthy Adults,”
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental,
51(11), 2002, pages 1389–1391.

42. Mingrone, G., Greco, A. V., Capristo, E., et al., “L-Carnitine Improves Glucose Disposal in Type 2 Diabetic Patients,”
Journal of the
American College of Nutrition,
18(1), 1999, pages 77–82.

Chapter 21: Getting Extra Help: Supplements for Heart Health

1. Natali, A., Sironi, A. M., Toschi, E., et al., “Effect of Vitamin C on Forearm Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Essential Hyper- tension,”
Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology,
20(11), 2000, pages 2401–2406.

2. Reaven, P. D., Herold, D. A., Barnett, J., et al.,“Effects of Vitamin E on Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions to Oxidation and on Protein Glycation in NIDDM,”
Diabetes Care,
18(6), 1995, pages 807–816.

3. Dreon, D. M., Fernstrom, H.A., Campos, H., et al.,“Change in Dietary Saturated Fat Intake Is Correlated with Change in Mass of Large Low-Density-Lipoprotein Particles in Men,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
67(5), 1998, pages 828–836.

4. Hickey, J. T., Hickey, L., Yancy, W. S. J., et al., “Clinical Use of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet to Treat the Dyslipidemia of the Metabolic Syndrome,”
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders,
1(3), 2003, pages 227–232.

5. Devaraj, S., Jialal, I., “Low-Density Lipoprotein Postsecretory Modification, Monocyte Function, and Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Macro- vascular Complications: The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation,”
Circulation,
102(2), 2000, pages 191–196.

6. Hoogeveen, E. K., Kostense, P. J., Jakobs, C., et al., “Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Risk of Death,Especially in Type 2 Diabetes: 5-Year Follow-up of the Hoorn Study,”
Circulation,
101(13), 2000, pages 1506–1511.

7. Buysschaert, M., Dramais,A. S.,Wallemacq, P. E., et al.,“Hyperhomocysteinemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Macroangiopathy, Nephropathy, and Insulin Resistance,”
Diabetes Care,
23(12), 2000, pages 1816–1822.

8. Passaro,A.,Calzoni,F.,Volpato,S.,et al.,“Effect of Metabolic Control on Homocysteine Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A 3-Year Follow-Up,”
Journal of Internal Medicine,
254(3), 2003, pages 264–271.

9. Desouza,C.,Keebler,M.,McNamara,D.B.,et al.,“Drugs Affecting Homocysteine Metabolism: Impact on Cardiovascular Risk,”
Drugs,
62(4), 2002, pages 605–616.

10. Passaro,A.,Calzoni,F.,Volpato,S.,et al.,“Effect of Metabolic Control on Homocysteine Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A 3-Year Follow-Up,”
Journal of Internal Medicine,
254(3),2003,pages 264–271.

11. Mayer, O., Filipovsky, J., Hromadka, M., et al., “Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia with Folic Acid: Effects on Homocysteine Levels, Coagulation Status, and Oxidative Stress Markers,”
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology,
39(6), 2002, pages 851–857.

12. Lipsy, R. J., “Overview of Pharmacologic Therapy for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
,” Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy,
9(S1), 2003, pages 9–12.

13. Wang, W., Basinger, A., Neese, R. A., et al., “Effects of Nicotinic Acid on Fatty Acid Kinetics, Fuel Selection, and Pathways of Glucose Production in Women,”
American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
279(1), 2000, pages E50–59.

14. Prisco, D., Rogasi, P. G., Matucci, M., et al., “Effect of Oral Treatment with Pantethine on Platelet and Plasma Phospholipids in IIa Hyperlipoproteinemia,”
Angiology,
38(3), 1987, pages 241–247.

15. Klevay, L. M., Milne, D. B., “Low Dietary Magnesium Increases Supraventricular Ectopy,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
75(3), 2002, pages 550–554.

16. Rukshin, V., Shah, P. K., Cercek, B., et al., “Comparative Antithrombotic Effects of Magnesium Sulfate and the Platelet Glyco- protein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Tirofiban and Eptifibatide in a Canine Model of Stent Thrombosis,”
Circulation,
105(16), 2002, pages 1970–1975.

17. Rude, R., Manoogian, C., Ehrlich, L., et al.,“Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation by Magnesium in Man,”
Magnesium,
8(5–6), 1989, pages 266–273.

18. Militante, J. D., Lombardini, J. B., “Treatment of Hypertension with Oral Taurine: Experimental and Clinical Studies,”
Amino
Acids,
23(4), 2002, pages 381–393.

19. Schaffer, S. W., Lombardini, J. B., Azuma, J., “Interaction between the Actions of Taurine and Angiotensin II,”
Amino Acids,
18(4), 2000, pages 305–318.

20. Schuller-Levis, G. B., Park, E., “Taurine: New Implications for an Old Amino Acid,”
FEMS Microbiology Letters,
226(2), 2003, pages 195–202.

21. Toft, I., Bonaa, K. H., Ingebretsen, O. C., et al., “Effects of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Glucose Homeostasis and Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension. A Randomized, Controlled Trial
,” Annals of Internal Medicine,
123(12), 1995, pages 911–918.

22. Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., Appel, L. J., “Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
,”
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology,
23(2), 2003, pages e20–30.

23. Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., Appel, L. J., “Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: New Recommendations from the American Heart Association
,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and
Vascular Biology,
23(2), 2003, pages 151–152.

24. Friedberg, C. E., Janssen, M. J., Heine, R. J., et al., “Fish Oil and Glycemic Control in Diabetes. A Meta-Analysis
,” Diabetes Care,
21(4), 1998, pages 494–500.

25. Lee, K.W., Lip, G.Y.,“The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
,” QJM,
96(7), 2003, pages 465–480.

26. Jackson, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Haq, I. U., et al., “Statins for Primary Prevention: At What Coronary Risk Is Safety Assured?”
British
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,
52(4), 2001, pages 439–446.

Chapter 22: Walking Away from Diabetes

1. Helmrich, S. P., Ragland, D. R., Leung, R.W., et al.,“Physical Activity and Reduced Occurrence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
325(3), 1991, pages 147–152.

2. Pan,X.R.,Li,G.W.,Hu,Y.H.,et al.,“Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. The Da Qing Igt and Diabetes Study,”
Diabetes Care,
20(4), 1997, pages 537–544.

3. Boule, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., et al.,“Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
286(10), 2001, pages 1218–1227.

4. Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., et al.,“Physical Activity and Public Health. A Recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
273(5),1995,pages 402–407.

5. Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., et al.,“Exercise Capacity and Mortality among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,”
New England
Journal of Medicine,
346(11), 2002, pages 793–801.

6. Lee, I. M., Sesso, H. D., Oguma, Y., et al., “Relative Intensity of Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease,”
Circulation,
107(8), 2003, pages 1110–1116.

Chapter 23: Your Personal Exercise Program

1. Albert, C. M., Mittleman, M. A., Chae, C. U., et al., “Triggering of Sudden Death from Cardiac Causes by Vigorous Exertion,”
New
England Journal of Medicine,
343(19), 2000, pages 1355–1361.

2. Hu, F. B., Sigal, R. J., Rich-Edwards, J. W., et al., “Walking Compared with Vigorous Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A Prospective Study,”
Journal of the American Medical
Association,
282(15), 1999, pages 1433–1439.

Chapter 24: It’s Not Just Baby Fat

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC At a Glance: “Diabetes: Disabling, Deadly, and on the Rise 2004,” available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/aag/pdf/aag_ddt2004.pdf, accessed on April 15, 2004.