Atkins Diabetes Revolution (63 page)

7. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, “Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,”
Diabetes Care,
26(1S), 2003, pages S5–S20.

8. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, “Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,”
Diabetes Care,
26(1S), 2003, pages S5–20.

9. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet: General Information and National Estimates on Diabetes in the United States, 2003. Bethesda, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2003.

10. “Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,”
Diabetes Care,
27(1S), 2004, pages S5-S10.

11. Ovalle, F., Azziz, R., “Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,”
Fertility and Sterility,
77(6), 2002, pages 1095–1105.

12. Knochenhauer, E. S., Key, T. J., Kahsar-Miller, M., et al., “Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study,”
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,
83(9), 1998, pages 3078–3082.

13. Knochenhauer, E. S., Key, T. J., Kahsar-Miller, M., et al., “Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Black and White Women of the Southeastern United States: A Prospective Study,”
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,
83(9), 1998, pages 3078–3082.

14. “Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,”
Diabetes Care,
27(1S), 2004, pages S5-S10.

15. Fagot-Campagna, A., Pettitt, D. J., Engelgau, M. M., et al.,“Type 2 Diabetes Among North American Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiologic Review and a Public Health Perspective
,” Journal of
Pediatrics,
136(5), 2000, pages 664–672.

16. Michels, K. B., Solomon, C. G., Hu, F. B., et al., “Type 2 Diabetes and Subsequent Incidence of Breast Cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study,”
Diabetes Care,
26(6), 2003, pages 1752–1758.

17. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet: General Information and National Estimates on Diabetes in the United States, 2003. Bethesda, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2003.

18. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet: General Information and National Estimates on Diabetes in the United States, 2003. Bethesda, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2003.

Chapter 2: Wrong Turn: The Long Road to Diabetes

1. DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., Ferrannini, E., “Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A Balanced Overview,”
Diabetes Care,
15(3), 1992, pages 318–368.

2. Barzilay, J. I., Freedland, E. S.,“Inflammation and Its Relationship to Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Endothelial Dysfunction,”
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders,
1(1), 2003, pages 55–67.

3. Grundy, S. M., “Inflammation, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
290(22), 2003, pages 3000–3002.

4. Caballero, A. E.,“Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Road to Diabetes and Heart Disease,”
Obesity Research,
11(11), 2003, pages 1278–1289.

5. Vernon, M. C., Mavropoulos, J., Transue, M., et al.,“Clinical Experience of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Effect on Diabetes Mellitus,”
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders,
1(3), 2003, pages 233–237.

6. Yancy,W.S.,Vernon,M.C.,Westman,E.C.,“A Pilot Trial of a Low- Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes,”
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders,
1(3), 2003, pages 239–243.

7. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet: General Information and National Estimates on Diabetes in the United States, 2003. Bethesda, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2003.

8. Harris, M. I., “Undiagnosed NIDDM: Clinical and Public Health Issues,”
Diabetes Care,
16(4), 1993, pages 642–652.

9. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, “Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,”
Diabetes Care,
26(1S), 2003, pages S5-S20.

Chapter 3: Weighing In: The Number One Risk Factor

1. Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., et al.,“Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men,”
Diabetes Care,
17(9), 1994, pages 961–969.

2. Colditz, G.A.,Willett,W. C., Rotnitzky,A., et al.,“Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women,”
Annals of Internal Medicine,
122(7), 1995, pages 481–486.

3. Pi-Sunyer, F. X., “The Obesity Epidemic: Pathophysiology and Consequences of Obesity,”
Obesity Research,
10(2S), 2002, pages 97S-104S.

4. Burke, J. P., Williams, K., Narayan, K. M., et al.,“A Population Perspective on Diabetes Prevention: Whom Should We Target for Preventing Weight Gain?”
Diabetes Care,
26(7), 2003, pages 1999–2004.

5. National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,“Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Executive Summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults,”1998.

6. Heiat, A. National Institutes of Health (NIH: the NIH Consensus Conference on Health Implications of Obesity in 1985); United States Department of Agriculture (the 1990 Department of Agriculture’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.,“Impact of Age on Definition of Standards for Ideal Weight,”
Preventive Cardiology,
6(2), 2003, pages 104–107.

7. Aronne, L. J., Segal, K. R., “Adiposity and Fat Distribution Outcome Measures: Assessment and Clinical Implications,”
Obesity
Research,
10(1S), 2002, pages 14S-21S.

8. Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., et al.,“Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men,”
Diabetes Care,
17(9), 1994, pages 961–969.

9. Colditz, G.A.,Willett,W. C., Rotnitzky,A., et al.,“Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women,”
Annals of Internal Medicine,
122(7), 1995, pages 481–486.

10. Colditz, G.A.,Willett,W. C., Rotnitzky,A., et al.,“Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women,”
Annals of Internal Medicine,
122(7), 1995, pages 481–486.

11. Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., et al.,“Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men,”
Diabetes Care,
17(9), 1994, pages 961–969.

12. Seidell, J. C., Kahn, H. S., Williamson, D. F., et al., “Report from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop on Use of Adult Anthropometry for Public Health and Primary Health Care,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
73(1), 2001, pages 123–126.

13. Kahn, H. S., Valdez, R.,“Metabolic Risks Identified by the Combination of Enlarged Waist and Elevated Triacylglycerol Concentration,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
78(5), 2003, pages 928–934.

14. Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Ross, R., “Waist Circumference and Not Body Mass Index Explains Obesity-Related Health Risk,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
79(3), 2004, pages 379–384.

15. Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Ross, R., “Waist Circumference and Not Body Mass Index Explains Obesity-Related Health Risk,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
79(3), 2004, pages 379–384.

16. Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., “Alcohol, Body Weight, and Weight Gain in Middle-Aged Men,”
American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition,
77(5), 2003, pages 1312–1317.

17. Bernstein, R. K.,“Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution: The Complete Guide to Achieving Normal Blood Sugars Revised & Updated,” 2003, Little Brown & Company, Revised Edition, page 480.

Chapter 4: A Deadly Quintet: Meet the Metabolic Syndrome

1. Reaven, G. M., “Banting Lecture 1988. Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease,”
Diabetes,
37(12), 1988, pages 1595–1607.

2. Calle,E.E.,Thun,M.J.,Petrelli,J.M.,et al.,“Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U. S. Adults,”
New England
Journal of Medicine,
341(15), 1999, pages 1097–1105.

3. Arcaro, G., Cretti, A., Balzano, S., et al., “Insulin Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans: Sites and Mechanisms,”
Circulation,
105(5), 2002, pages 576–582.

4. Reaven, G. M., “Banting Lecture 1988. Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease,”
Diabetes,
37(12), 1988, pages 1595–1607.

5. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults,“Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III),”
Journal of the
American Medical Association,
285(19), 2001, pages 2486–2497.

6. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., “A Comparison of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Using Two Proposed Definitions,”
Diabetes
Care,
26(3), 2003, pages 575–581.

7. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults,“Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III),”
Journal of the
American Medical Association,
285(19), 2001, pages 2486–2497.

8. Ford, E. S., Giles,W. H., Dietz,W. H.,“Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
287(3), 2002, pages 356–359.

9. Alberti,K.G.,Zimmet,P.Z.,“Definition,Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Provisional Report of a WHO Consultation,”
Diabetic Medicine,
15(7), 1998, pages 539–553.

10. Alberti,K.G.,Zimmet,P.Z.,“Definition,Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Provisional Report of a WHO Consultation,”
Diabetic Medicine,
15(7), 1998, pages 539–553.

11. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., “A Comparison of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Using Two Proposed Definitions,”
Diabetes
Care,
26(3), 2003, pages 575–581.

12. Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., et al., “NCEP Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older,”
Diabetes,
52(5), 2003, pages 1210–1214.

13. Seidell, J. C., Kahn, H. S., Williamson, D. F., et al., “Report from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop on Use of Adult Anthropometry for Public Health and Primary Health Care,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
73(1), 2001, pages 123–126.

14. Kahn, H. S., Valdez, R.,“Metabolic Risks Identified by the Combination of Enlarged Waist and Elevated Triacylglycerol Concentration,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
78(5), 2003, pages 928–934.

15. Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Ross, R., “Waist Circumference and Not Body Mass Index Explains Obesity-Related Health Risk,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
79(3), 2004, pages 379–384.

16. Aronne, L. J., Segal, K. R., “Adiposity and Fat Distribution Outcome Measures: Assessment and Clinical Implications,”
Obesity
Research,
10(1S), 2002, pages 14S-21S.

17. Pi-Sunyer, F. X., “The Obesity Epidemic: Pathophysiology and Consequences of Obesity,”
Obesity Research,
10(2S), 2002, pages 97S-104S.

18. Ruderman, N., Chisholm, D., Pi-Sunyer, X., et al.,“The Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Individual Revisited,”
Diabetes,
47(5), 1998, pages 699–713.

19. Sattar, N., Gaw, A., Scherbakova, O., et al., “Metabolic Syndrome with and Without C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study,”
Circulation,
108(4), 2003, pages 414–419.