Alan Turing: The Enigma (132 page)

Presents, game of
397

Price, Francis V.
121
,
128
,
142
,
366

Prigogine, I.
466

prime numbers
61
,
134–5
,
156
,
397–8
;

see also
Riemann

Princeton University
86
,
95
,
111–3
,
115
;

AMT at Graduate College
116–33
,
137
–
146
;

ambience of
116–7
,
119
,
121
,
123
,
128
,
483
,
511
;

AMT gains PhD
145
;

revisits
355
, note BP4;

see also
IAS

Pringle, John W. S.
411
,
466

Prinz, D. G.
441
n

probability and statistics:

and gambling system
69
;

Central Limit Theorem
87–8
;

in cipher work
149
,
181
n,
184
,
243
;

AMT’s major new Bayesian ideas
196–7
;

development of these
204
,
231
,
233
,
266
;

post-war references
344–5
,
401
n,
410
,
450
,
474

‘Prof’, AMT as
208
,
281
,
394

programming of computers:

AMT’s original ideas
325–7
;

work done for ACE
337–8
,
343
,
367
,
372
;

AMT’s first routines for Manchester
305
,
387
;

Programmers’ Handbook
399
–
402
;

checking of routines
407

Pryce, Maurice H. L.

at Cambridge
42
,
95
;

AMT admires at Princeton
117
,
121
,
126
,
128
,
130–2
;

war work
142
,
159
,
312

as fellow Fellow
440

psychology
see under
brain;

behaviourism; Freud; Jung; sexuality

Psychology (game)
128
,
373

punched cards: used for astronomy
141
;

for cipher work
198
,
220
n;

for ACE
316
,
321
,
330
,
398

Quakers: as pacifist
65
,
87
,
88
,
310
,
368
;

and refugees
150
,
151
,
239

quantum mechanics:

indeterminacy
40
,
64–7
,
137
,
291
,
361
,
414
,
430
,
441
;

von Neumann and
67
,
79
–
80
,
281
;

new mathematics and
61
,
81
,
305
;

AMT’s last speculations
495–6
,
512
,
514

Queen Elizabeth
241–2
,
354

radar
see
TRE; delay line; cathode ray tube

radio: AMT makes receivers
36
,
207
;

as wartime communication
162
,
236
,
247
,
276
;

black broadcasting
270
,
288
;

BBC broadcasts
349
,
441–2
,
448
,
450–2
,
454
,
475
,
525
n

Radiolaria
437
,
492–3

Radley, W. G.
267
,
290
,
340

RAF, communications of
165

Rajchman, J. A.
354

Ramshaw, Mrs
160
,
279
,
479

Randolph, J. H.
25–6

randomness: and ciphers
163
,
230
,
276
;

of noise
284–5
,
287
;

of behaviour
379
;

electronic generation of
271
,
282
;

as computer function
402
,
477
;

and free-will
442

Ratio Club
411–2
,
466
,
476
,
512

rational numbers
100–1

RCA
245–6
,
248
,
252
,
321
n,
354

real numbers
see
numbers

recursive function
133
,
136
n,
401
n

Rees, David
340
,
343

reflector, of Enigma
167

refugee, AMT sponsors
see
Augenfeld, Robert

reincarnation
see
after-life

relativity
33–4
,
52
,
127
,
373
,
495–6
,
512

relays, electromagnetic:

AMT makes for multiplier
138–9
;

in Bombe
191
,
225–6
,
329
;

in calculators
250–1
,
299
,
306
,
321

religion: AMT moves from belief in
6
,
7
,
13
,
26–7
,
30
,
49
,
68
,
75
;

to disbelief in
108
,
152
,
266
,
377
,
416
,
418
,
431

Rhode Island
132
,
142
,
245

Riemann, B.: and distribution of primes
134
;

Riemann’s zeta-function
135
,
141
;

AMT’s papers on
154
,
278
n,
466
;

Riemann Hypothesis
135
,
140
,
296
,
408
,
411
;

AMT’s zeta-function machine
140–1
,
155–8
,
293
,
295–6
,
389
;

AMT’s zeta-function computer program
408–9
,
411
,
466

Rimmer,
T.
456–7

ring-setting (of Enigma)
169

Roberts, Keith V.
371
,
373
,
397
,
446

Robertson, H. P.
127
,
512

‘Robin’
see
Gandy, Robin O.

Robin, Harold
288

‘Robinson’ machines
267–8
,
294
,
402

robots
372
,
382
;
see
brain

Rockex (British teleprinter cipher system)
270–1
,
282
,
294
,
399
,
402

Roehm
90

‘Room
40
’
146
,
148
,
191
,
218

Roosevelt, President
128
,
162
n,
269

Ross, A. H. T
29
–
32
,
35
,
39
,
48
,
423

Rossall School
151
,
158
, note 5.
8

Rosser, J. B.
117–8
,
133

rotors (of Enigma)
166—7
;

rotor-setting
168–9
;

fourth rotor of U-boat Enigma,
224

Routledge, Norman A.
372
,
395
,
476
,
483

rowing
62
,
76
,
89
,
115
,
354

Royal Society: Fellow in family
16
;

and zeta-function machine
155
;

and Manchester computer
341–2
,
372
,
376
,
390
,
393
;

AMT is Fellow
438
,
447
,
531

running
57
,
96
,
279
,
282
;

as serious amateur
345–6
,
353–4
,
369
,
372
,
386–7
,
389
,
395–6
;

then
427
,
434
,
518
,
519

Russell, Bertrand:

as logician
81–5
,
91
,
136
,
215
;

contacts with AMT
418
,
438
;

also
118
,
362

Russia
71–3
,
280
;

Russian language
137
,
280
;

communications
147
;

computers
387
;

see also
Cold War

Rylands, G.
371

sagas and saga-ettes
484—5

sailing
see
boats

St Leonards-on-Sea
6
–
10

St Michael’s (pre-prep. school)
7
,
10

Sark
59
,
67–8

Sayers, Dorothy
211
,
377–8

Sayre, David
410–1

‘scanner’ of Turing machine
97–9

Scharnhorst
(ship)
189
,
222
,
269

Scholz, H.
124
,
152
,
216
,
253
n

schools see St Michael’s; Hazelhurst; Sherborne;
also
learning

Schrodinger, E.
40
,
79
,
86
,
252
,
431

science, philosophy of: AMT’s
418–9
;

see also
levels of description; determinism

Science Museum, London
52
,
109

Science News
494–5

Scotland
7
,
9
,
10
,
11

SCU3 (Special Communications Unit No. 3)
270
;
see
Hanslope Park

Second World War: AMT anticipates
138
,
144
,
146
;

declared
158–9
;

fall of France
191–3
;

attack on Russia
205–6
;

entry of USA
221–2
;

El Alamein
240
;

turning of tide
251–9
;

Normandy landing
276–8
,
287–8
;

victory
289
,
313
;

see also
Atlantic, battle of;

implications of
289–90
,
311
,
347
,
362
,
364
,
512
;

see also
Cold War; atomic fission

secret service (British) (SIS or MI6):

vis à vis
GC and CS
146
,
163
,
177
,
191
,
201
,
205
,
221
,
237–8
,
242
;