Alan Turing: The Enigma (127 page)

computer (digital, electronic, stored-program),

plans of 1945 for: AMT’s
290–5
,
317
–
337
; in United States
295
–
305
;
see also
Universal Turing machine; EDVAC, for origins of;
see also
Cambridge, Manchester, IAS computers

Computing Machinery and Intelligence
(AMT’s paper of 1950)
see Mind

conditional branching
277
,
298–9
,
301
,
323
,
338
,
343
,
391

confirmation (of AMT)
26

consistency and contradictions, mathematical
82–4
,
91–3
,
109
,
153–4
;
see also
Gödel;

in Enigma analysis
179–84

core-position (of Enigma)
169

Corfu
486

Cornwall
48–9
,
68

Cory, D. W.
448
n

Courant, R.
86
,
117–8

Crawford, Jack and Mary
132
,
142
,
245
,
264

Crawshay-Williams, R.
418

Crick, Francis H. C.
410
n,
431

cryptanalysis
see under
Poland; GC and CS (Britain); CSAW (United States);
B. Dienst
(Germany)

cryptogram puzzles, AMT bad at
128
,
249

cryptography
see
ciphers

crystallography
410–1
,
445
,
477

CSAW (US Naval cryptanalysis)
235
,
243
;

AMT works with
243–4
,
252
;

and computers
342
,
413

cybernetics
343
,
403–5
,
411–4
,
446
,
469
;

see also
Ratio Club

Cybernetics
(Wiener)
403

cycle (as used in Enigma analysis)
172

Cypher Policy Board
346

cyphers
see
ciphers

Czüber
88

Daily Mirror
238–9
,
279

Daily Telegraph
348

daisy, growth of
11
,
13
,
207–8
,
494

Dalton, Hugh
370

Darlington, W. S.
10
,
16
,
17

Darwin, Charles (evolutionist)
33
,
78
,
108
,
377

Darwin, Charles G.:

director of NPL
305
,
307
;

endorses ACE
336–7
;

responsible for ACE
340–2
,
347
,
349–53
,
365–8
,
372
,
374–6
,
407
;

wit and wisdom
357
,
364–5
,
388
,
470
;

curses AMT, note 6,
47

data processing
332
,
401
n

David, Robin, prosecutes AMT
471–2

Davies, Donald W.
368

Davis, E. (Ben)
46
,
48

death (of AMT)
487–8

deciban, quantity of likeliness
197

decidability, decision problems
see Entscheidungs problem;
word problem;
also
trees

Dedekind, R.
82–3

degrees
see
examinations

delay lines, acoustic, as computer storage:

principle of
315
,
322
,
328
,
334
;

AMT’s home-made
315–6
,
366
;

Post Office developments
328
,
336–7
,
340
;

Cambridge developments
351
,
375
,
406
;

American developments
355

Delilah
(speech encipherment system):

AMT’s idea
269–70
,
273–76

building of
278
,
284–8
,
290
;

influences of
294
,
329
,
339
,
343
;

fate of
346

Denning, N.
187–8

Denniston, Alastair
146–8
,
151
,
177
,
204
,
223

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
see
DSIR

determinism and free-will:

idea of causality
13
,
63–6
;

arguments for free-will
78–9
,
211
,
266
,
361–2
,
377–8
,
414–5
,
417
,
430–1
,
475
;

Laplacian determinism
64
,
290–1
;

and quantum mechanics
66
,
79
,
137
,
441–2
;

relation to Turing machine
96
,
107–9
,
144
,
211
,
266
,
290–1
,
384
,
417
,
441–2

diary, AMT’s at school
54
,
62

differential analyser
155
,
250
,
296
,
306
,
316
,
335
,
342
,
357

Dinard, Brittany
15
,
16
,
18

Dirac, P. A.M.
61
,
140
n,
495

DNA (molecular basis of genetics)
252
,
410
,
431

Dollis Hill
see
Post Office Research Station

‘Don’see Bayley, Donald

Dönitz
199
,
224
n

Donnelly, D.
505

Dorking
346
,
353

draughts, on computer
442
,
477

dreams
216
,
249
,
452
,
481
,
481
n,
491

DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research)

and ACE
333
,
336–7
,
340
,
367
;

and Cambridge computer
375

Dudley, H. W.
245

Duffy, Roy
445

Dunn, C. W.
469

Eachus, J.
243

Ebermannstadt, Bavaria
312

Eccles, David
506

Eckert, J. P.
300
,
302
,
315
,
328
,
355
,
413
,
438

economics
71–3
,
308
,
404

Eddington, Arthur S.:

and astronomy
34
,
40
,
61
;

and significance of quantum mechanics
51
,
64–6
,
79
,
414
,
441
;

and Central Limit Theorem
87
;

and Fundamental Theory
453–4
,
512–4

EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)
see
Cambridge University, computer at

education see school; learning

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer)
302–4
,
306–7
,
315
,
318
,
320–1
,
323
,
326
,
342–3
,
355
,
355
n,
365
,
390
n;
see also
IAS, computer at

Edward VIII, King
121–3
,
131
,
140
n

Einstein, Albert
34–5
,
52
,
65
,
86
,
117–8
,
266

Eisenhart, L. P.
118
,
130
,
144
,
371

electron, named by AMT’s relative
16
,
225

electronic engineering: at Bletchley
225–7
,
231
,
263
,
267
;
see also
Colossus;

AMT learns
245
,
249
,
278
,
285–6
;
see also
Delilah;

and ACE plan
294
,
328–9
,
334
;

lack of at NPL
338
,
365–7
,
376
;

and Manchester computer
340
,
349
,
385
,
391–4
,
402–3
,
478

Elizabeth II, Queen: as princess
371
;

accession of
455

Ellis, H. Havelock
77
,
458

embryology
see under
growth

Emmet, Dorothy
415

Empress of Scotland
(ship)
253
,
255
,
273

endocrinology
see
hormones

engagement, to be married
206
,
216
,
264

engineering and applied science:

AMT’s mother’s family
3
,
16
,
23
;

Morcom family
38
,
49
;

Beuttell family
56
,
68
,
136
;

AMT and electrical engineering
140
,
155
,
181
;

AMT and mechanical engineering
156–7
;

then see
electronic engineering

English Electric (company)
339
,
366

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
300–3
;

influence
304
,
306
,
317
,
335
,
342
,
347–8
,
355
,
365
n;

as Turing machine
383
,
385

Enigma (cipher machine):

description
166–70
,
224
;

general German use
147–8
,
165
;

indicator systems
171
,
173
;

use by German army
220
,
223
,
237
;

German air force
185–6
,
188
–
191
,
200–1
;

German navy
172
,
187–90
,
195–6
,
198
–
201
,
217–9
,
222–4
,
234
,
243–4
,
252
,
260
,
262–3
,
288
;

German security service
175
,
187

Ennismore Avenue, Turing family home in
see
Guildford

Entscheidungs problem
(of Hilbert,
q.v.
):

described
91–3
;

AMT attacks
96
–
109
;

and Church’s work
111–4
;

related problems
143
,
412

Eperson, D. B.
32
,
34–5
,
38
,
43
,
51
,
129

Erewhon
(Butler)
73–4
,
361
,
382
,
406