The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (160 page)

barbarism, T.R.’s views on, 184

Barnes, William C., 629

Barnum, P. T., 51, 124, 276

Barringer, D. M., 286, 388

Barrows, Walter B., 214

Barrus, Clara, 541

Barrytown, N.Y., 33–34

Barton, Clara, 378

Bartram, William, 4, 89, 483

bass, 91, 100

Bass, William W., 755

Batavia Mountain, 221

Bates, Katherine Lee, 265

Bates, Marston, 723

Baynes, Ernest H., 588–90, 593, 609, 622, 714

Beaman, D. C., 787

“Bear, The” (Faulkner),
436
, 444

Bear Bob, 34

Beard, J. Carter, 382

“Bear Hunting in the South” (Gordon), 4334

Bear Lake Hunting Club, 698

Bear Mountain, 94–95

Bear River National Forest, 779

bears, 34–35, 41, 59, 183, 308, 373, 383, 385, 558, 632

black, 34–35, 72, 210, 301, 434, 437, 438, 441, 555–56, 656, 658, 695–700, 736

at Bronx Zoo, 279

brown, 301, 443, 562, 563

classification debate over, 298, 300–301, 302

in Colorado, 612–13, 615

coloration of, 812

grizzlies, 35, 74, 76, 171, 173–75, 257, 569–70, 586, 603, 705

Jonathan Edwards, 558

in Mississippi, 431–45,
441
,502

in Oregon, 680

polar, 100, 257, 562–63, 705, 812

silver-tipped, 280

teddy, 431,
441
, 442–45, 553, 705

traps for, 438, 545

T.R.’s pretending to be, 234

in Yellowstone, 271, 502, 569–70, 578

“Bear’s Disposition, The” (Roosevelt), 308

Beaver Island, 372

beavers, 179, 205, 216, 279, 412

Beck, Thomas, 741

Bederman, Gail, 163, 164, 349, 350–51

Beebe, Charles William, 722, 800

bees, 480, 759

Bell, Alexander Graham, 99

Bell, John, 54–55, 62, 135, 362

Benét, Stephen Vincent, 800

Benga, Ota, 657–61,
659

Benson, John A., 543

Benton, Thomas Hart, 191, 193–94, 583

Berger, Thomas, 157

Bergh, Henry, 48–53,
49
, 81, 288, 316

Bergh, Matilda, 48

Bering Sea, 76–77, 247, 562, 579, 651

Bering Sea Tribunal, 579

Berkshires, 427

Berlin, 37, 276

Berry, Wendell, 743, 745

Berryman, Clifford, 441–42,
441
, 443

Bessey, Charles Edwin, 468

Best, Harry Cassie, 548

Bible, 156, 476, 583, 765

Bickmore, Albert S., 43–44, 417

Bicknell, George, 739

Bierstadt, Albert, 33, 60, 74, 203, 260–62

big business, 410, 535, 574, 676, 795

environmental insensitivity of, 295–96, 553

see also
corporations

Bigelow, Henry Bryant, 641

Bigelow, John, 83

Bigelow, Poultney, 194

Bigelow, William Sturgis, 312–13

Big Game Hunting
(Roosevelt), 368

Bighorn Mountains, 15, 148, 171–75, 177, 181, 184, 199, 295, 302

grizzlies in, 173–75

Big Pasture, 581, 586, 590, 592, 594, 598, 599, 601–12, 616, 619

Big Trouble
(Lukas), 259

Bill (spotted hyena), 561

Billington, Ray, 241

Billy Possum (toy), 443

Billy the Kid, 354, 466

Biltmore, 341, 400, 427–28, 492

Bingham, George Caleb, 60

Bingham, Jesse, 460

Bingham, Tom, 460

biodiversity, 8, 15, 474

“Biological Origins of the Ruling Class, The” (Burroughs), 319

Biological Survey, U.S., 215–16, 295, 387, 410–14, 421, 430, 466, 501, 504, 525, 590, 616–17, 629, 761, 774, 789, 793

Alaska and, 563

Animal Damage Control Unit of, 606

annual reports of, 713, 715

bird protection and, 714–19, 721, 743, 795, 800, 801

classification debate and, 246, 298–303

Darling and, 741

establishment of, 75

Florida and, 13, 477, 492–93, 496, 497, 498

game repopulation and, 628, 629

T.R.’s work for, 377, 378, 379, 381–82, 512, 515, 609, 615

bird fertilizers, 566

Bird-Life
(Chapman), 3

Bird-Lore,
730

“Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley” (Cooke), 214

birds, 1–19, 26, 29–33, 60, 69–73, 98–99, 114, 144–46, 194, 351–52, 389, 462, 544, 708–50

Adirondack, 40, 71–73, 105–8, 308

of Alaska, 77, 470, 564

Badlands, 158

beaks of, 31, 73

in Bronx Zoo, 279, 359

Burroughs’s interest in, 6, 220, 221, 358–59, 361, 364, 370, 371, 545, 603

decline of T.R.’s interest in, 136, 138

eggs of, 584

in Egypt, 57–58, 59, 146

Elliot and, 38, 45

extinction of, 7, 9, 11–12, 133
n
, 686–87

in film, 328

of Florida, 3, 7, 11–12, 13–18,
17
, 20, 89, 91, 320, 358, 359, 361, 364–67, 474–77, 479–85, 487–501, 550, 568, 708–12,
711
, 721–31, 737–41

flying of, 97

game vs. song, 5, 6

of Grand Canyon, 529

of Hawaii, 797–800

identification of, 31

of Iowa, 133

of Long Island, 69–70, 71, 97–98, 108, 138, 334, 362, 363, 364,
475
, 640–41, 686

of Louisiana, 700

map of reservations for,
818–19

of Muir Woods, 752

of New Jersey, 98

of Oklahoma, 591, 602, 603

of Pacific Northwest, 548–51,
549
, 714–20

pain and, 46

protection of, 11–12, 13–20, 46, 68
n
, 189, 348, 357–67, 369, 370, 372, 482–83, 568–72, 583–84, 714–20, 790, 796–800

of Puerto Rico, 445, 448–49

R.B.R.’s interest in, 89, 320, 687

of Rocky Mountains, 265–66

tagging of, 61

Texas, 251, 252

T.R.’s collecting of, 30, 58, 144–46

T.R.’s shooting of, 57, 58, 61, 63, 94–95, 97–98, 103, 135, 136

of Virginia, 618, 686, 687, 767, 774–75, 777

of Washington, D.C., 6, 570, 640, 813–14

of Yellowstone, 233–34

see also
Audubon Society;
specific birds

Birds and Bees and Other Studies of Nature
(Burroughs), 289

“Birds and Bonnets” (Chapman), 2

Birds and Poets
(Burroughs), 222

Birds of America
(Audubon), 55, 101, 220, 249, 485, 641, 687

Birds of the Colorado Valley
(Coues), 113, 125

Birds of the Eastern United States
(Chapman), 774

Birds of Washington and Vicinity
(Maynard), 814

Bird Studies with a Camera
(Chapman), 7, 13, 485–88, 549, 774

bison,
see
buffalo

Bitterroots, 74, 137, 200, 265, 295

Black, Sam, 333

blackbirds, 133, 412

Blackfeet, 188, 254, 257, 581

Black Hills, 188, 207, 253–54, 291, 400–403, 631–34, 662

buffalo repopulation in, 273, 277

Black Hills, The
(Dodge), 632

Black Hills Forest Reserve, 469, 518

Black Mesa Forest Reserve, 280

blacks,
see
African-Americans

Blaine, James G., 168, 170, 177–78

Blaschka, Leopold, 37

Blight, David W., 41

Bliss, Cornelius, 294, 297–98, 320, 389

blizzard of 1899 (Storm King), 347

Bloxham, W. D., 365

bluebirds, 351–52, 603

Blum, John Morton, 9, 370, 384

Board of Police Commissioners, New York City, 287–89

boatswains, 36

bobcats, 157, 380

Bohlman, Hermann, 549,
549
, 550, 551, 716, 717, 720, 744, 745, 747

Bonaparte, Charles J., 634, 653

Bond, Frank, 13, 491

Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open, A
(Roosevelt), vii, 19, 498, 526, 756, 765, 799

Boone, Daniel, 169, 199, 241, 243, 394, 530, 603

Boone and Crockett Club, 194, 201–7,
203
, 209, 212, 224, 235–39, 242, 245, 247, 248, 255–65, 268, 280, 283–91, 307, 341, 342, 343, 364, 371, 379, 385, 406, 408, 416, 568, 582, 678, 705, 711, 767, 776

Alaska and, 562, 563, 564, 807

Bliss backed by, 294

Bronx Zoo and, 277–78, 283, 284

buffalo and, 277–78, 304, 590, 611, 628

constitution of, 205, 261

dinners of, 313, 371

election of 1896 and, 289–90

executive committee of, 388, 421

founding of, 6,
185
, 202–3, 224

global interests of, 763, 764

“grand holiday” and, 231

La Farge and, 342, 347

log cabin exhibit of, 256–57

objectives of, 204, 214, 473

publishing ventures of, 232, 259–65, 287, 290, 303–4, 307, 308–9, 371, 555, 666

“record book” trophies of, 260
n
, 374

Roosevelt Report of, 421

Sierra Club and, 543

as T.R.’s “bully pulpit,” 213, 236

Twain’s views on, 703

Virginian
and, 464, 465

Whitehead’s pro bono work for, 264

wildlife depletion concerns of, 205–6, 411

Yellowstone and, 236, 238, 239, 272, 322, 508, 528, 570, 633

Booth, John Wilkes, 580

Borah, Jake, 615

Boston, Mass., 4, 121, 687

Boy Hunters, The
(Reid), 26–27, 58, 73, 697

bradawls, 155

Bradley, Guy, 495–99,
498
, 742, 743

murder of, 497–99, 727, 730, 731

Bradley, Mrs. Guy, 727

Brady, Mathew, 74

Brahm, Nikolaus, 67

Brands, H. W., 384

Brazil, 102, 541, 733–34

Breaking New Ground
(Pinchot), 238, 343–44, 457

“Brer Rabbit” stories, 82

Breton Island Federal Bird Reservation, 16, 570–72, 584, 695, 712–13, 715, 725

Bridger, Jim, 27, 148, 171, 521

Bridger-Teton National Forest, 250

Bridges, Robert, 334

“Brief History of the Boone and Crockett Club” (Grinnell), 225

Brisbin, James S., 153

British Columbia, 200, 209, 300

British Museum, 485, 762

Brodie, Alexander,
526
, 775, 776

Bronco-Buster
(Remington), 335, 688, 776

Bronx Zoo, 276–85, 304, 308, 333
n
, 342, 420–21, 561, 603, 656–61

Benga episode at, 657–61,
659

birding at, 359

buffalo and,
see
buffalo, Bronx Zoo and

Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asylum, 660–61

Brooks, Nick, 566

Broward, Napoleon Bonaparte, 500, 735, 736

Brower, Dave, 535

Brown, Arthur Erwin, 388–89

Brown, Henry S., 522

Brown, Hugh C., 253

Bryan, William Alanson, 796

Bryan, William Jennings, 374, 376, 385, 519, 740

in election of 1896, 289–90, 292

election of 1904 and, 553, 574

in election of 1908, 773, 777, 780, 785–87, 792

at White House Governors’ Conference, 772–73

Bryant, Henry, 476

Bryant, William Cullen, 50
n

Bryce, James, 368

Buchanan, Minor Ferris, 435, 439, 441

Buckskin Charlie, 581

buffalo, 6, 9, 14, 28, 195, 205, 241, 258, 281–84, 373, 374, 412, 460, 624–30

bison vs., 147
n

Bronx Zoo and, 277–78, 279, 283–84, 304, 413, 420, 462, 511, 588, 594, 624, 625

conservation of, 4, 19, 201–2, 206, 216, 235, 248, 272–73, 276–79, 307, 778

heads of, 6, 147, 165

Hornaday’s taxidermy and, 281–82

hunting of, 26, 28, 136, 150–52, 154–55, 157–58, 160–65, 168, 199, 277, 767

lonesome Georges, 154, 158, 160, 162, 263

Lucky Knight, 413

Native Americans and, 26, 255

New York repopulation plan for, 276–77

in Oklahoma, 511, 587, 588, 589, 590, 593–96, 609–12, 641

Plains (
Bison bison bison
), 147

slaughtering of, 154, 155, 186, 187, 225, 269, 413, 604

stamps and, 309

telegraph and, 155

wire for, 521

wood, 147

in Yellowstone, 235, 269, 270, 272–73, 277, 296, 413–14, 510, 588, 589, 624

Buffalo, N.Y., 282, 283, 389, 391–95

Buffalo, The
(Haines), 604

Buffalo, Wyo., 172, 175

Buffalo Hunter Spitting a Bullet into a Gun
(Remington),
208

Buffalo National Park, 628

buffalo robe evening, 136, 158

buffalo soldiers, 444, 591

“Buffalo Story, A” (Anderson), 263