The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (159 page)

My indispensable research associate for the past two years has been Stone Weeks. Stone’s father, Linton Weeks of National Public Radio, has been a longtime acquaintance of mine. One afternoon, he telephoned me about grabbing a cup of coffee with his twenty-two-year-old son Stone, who was poised to graduate from the University of Delaware. I said, “Sure.” After meeting Stone in New Orleans, I was deeply impressed by his intellect, drive, and computer skills. Rice University president David Leebron hired him to be my personal assistant on this book, and we’ve worked closely together over the last two years. An Internet wizard, he helped me track down obscure books, academic articles, and interlibrary loan titles. During the manuscript preparation phase he was exemplary. He became like family. The world can expect great things from him in the coming decades.

As always, my most profound gratitude is reserved for my wife, Anne, who shared this adventure into T.R.’s America every step of the way. When other families were visiting Disneyland, the Brinkleys spent their summers at Roosevelt sites such as Muir Woods, Mesa Verde, Crater Lake, and Ocala National Forest. Together, Anne and
I have tried to bring nature into our children’s lives. Our backyard in Austin is full of wildlife—a family of deer lives in our mesquite forest, and a raccoon mother recently gave birth to a kit under my daughter Cassady’s bedroom. Weekly we jog around Lady Bird Lake in Zilker Park, looking for great blue heron and wood duck. Like pied pipers, whenever we have free time, we march Benton, Johnny, and Cassady to the Wild Basin just down Highway 360 to hunt for pinecones and smooth rocks near the magical waterfall. These regular family outings have convinced me that Theodore Roosevelt was right: we all need to bring nature into our daily lives.

Austin, Texas
April 12, 2009

SEARCHABLE TERMS

Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.

Abbey, Edward, 19, 467, 764

Abernathy, Jack (Catch’Em Alive), 592–94, 618–24, 641

appointed U.S. federal marshall, 621, 622–23

movie about, 621–22

T.R.’s wolf coursing with, 308, 592–94, 599–608, 616, 618–22, 745

T.R.’s writing about, 620–21

White House visit of, 612, 620

Absaroka Forest Reserve, 472n

Adams, Ansel, 450

Adams, Brooks, 297

Adams, Charles Francis, 101

Adams, Henry, 57
n
, 228, 247, 342

T.R. criticized by, 227, 266, 313

Adams, John (Grizzly), 444

Adams, John Quincy, 3, 737, 787

Adirondack National Park, 237, 307–8, 339, 372, 772

Adirondacks, 5, 103–8, 161, 339, 344–47, 351, 357, 359

Pinchot in, 342, 345–47

speed-logging in, 236–37

T.R. in, 39–40, 70–73, 103–6, 108, 353, 392–96

Adventures in Bird Protection
(Pearson), 479

Adventures in the Wilderness; Or Camp-Life in the Adirondacks
(Murray), 39–40

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
(Twain), 703

Afognak Island Forest and Fish Culture Reserve, 77

Africa, 24–25, 147
n
, 308, 656

T.R.’s travels in, 412, 702, 733–34, 762–64, 774, 779–80, 794–95, 808, 815

African-Americans:

Benga episode and, 658

“Brer Rabbit” stories of, 82

as buffalo soldiers, 444

in Confederate Army, 435

discrimination against, 41–42

lynching of, 433, 441

in Mississippi, 433–42,
436
, 585–86

as slaves, 27, 34, 435, 436

T.R.’s relations with, 404–6,
405
, 431–34, 441, 442, 572, 582, 617

African Game Trails
(Roosevelt), 764, 794

African Nature
(Selous), 762

Agassiz, Alexander, 299, 445

Agassiz, Louis, 43, 101–2, 103, 143, 283, 299
n

Age of Reason, The
(Paine), 48

Agricultural Appropriations Act (1907), 580

agriculture, 92, 425, 433–34, 667, 746, 748

Country Life Commission and, 783–85, 787

fires and, 664

in Florida, 480

in Midwest, 129, 133, 134

in Nebraska, 468–69

Agriculture Department, U.S. (USDA), 210, 214–16, 247, 398, 468, 499, 662, 664, 670, 799

Alaska and, 321, 564

Breton Island and, 570, 571

buffalo repopulation and, 277–78

Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy at, 214–15, 288, 298, 616n;
see also
Biological Survey, U.S.

Forestry Division in, 238–39, 342, 345, 372, 400, 422

Luquillo forest and, 446, 447, 449

Pelican Island and, 13–14, 16, 492–94

transfer of forest reserves to, 356, 422, 579, 663;
see also
Forest Service, U.S.

T.R.’s praise for, 410

Yearbook
of, 12, 492, 785

Akeley, Carl, 763, 764

Alabama, 731, 733

Alaska, 21, 76–77, 242, 284, 294, 320, 469–73, 520, 562–65, 575, 806–7

bears in, 300

gold discovered in, 293

Merriam in expedition to, 300, 385, 469, 562, 563, 675

Muir in, 469, 541

seals of, 76–77, 216, 284, 564, 579, 651–54, 721–22

Albany, N.Y., 49, 86, 88

T.R. in, 142, 147, 166, 168, 336–39, 342–47, 351, 355, 356, 361–62, 772

albatross, 566, 739

Albuquerque, N.Mex., 524–25, 786–87

Alder, Jacker, 538

Aleutian Islands, 652, 653

Alexander Archipelago National Forest Reserve, 469–73, 564, 806

Alexander the Great, 770

Alexandria, 55–56

Alfonso XII, King of Spain, 446

Alger, Russell, 313, 332

Allegheny, 129, 199, 373

Allen, Charles Herbert, 446

Allen, Ethan, 39

Allen, J. A., 156

alligators, 733–34

“Alligator Shooting in Florida” (Murphy), 733

Amazon, 22, 247, 445–46, 541, 702

America Horse, 581

American Big-Game Hunting
(Roosevelt and Grinnell, eds.), 259–65, 284, 285, 378

American Big Game in Its Haunts
(Grinnell, ed.), 555

American Birds
(Finley), 550, 744

American Bison Society (ABS), 285, 625, 627, 628, 778

American-British fur seal commission, 215–16

American Civic Association, 568

American Earth
(McKibben, ed.), 19

American Federation of Labor (AFL), 635

“American Forests, The” (Muir), 292, 410

American Historical Association, 231, 554

American Ideals
(Roosevelt), 319

American Museum of Natural History, 1–2, 15, 43–45, 65, 294, 584, 669, 780

Burroughs’s views on, 219

founding of, 2,
42
, 43–44, 63, 145, 202

opening of, 44–45

Southwest and, 415

taxidermy at, 44, 45, 55, 333, 485, 490

T.R.’s donations to, 45, 145, 146

American Ornithologists Union (AOU), 214, 363, 366, 367, 417, 571–72, 714, 801

Florida birds and, 12, 13–14, 491, 495, 496, 738, 739

Protection of North American Birds Committee of, 363–64

T.R.’s report for, 686

American Prairie Foundation, 235

American Scenic and History Preservation Society, 414, 765

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), 49–52, 288

Ammál (Kootenai Indian), 209–10

Among the Water-Fowl
(Job), 711

anarchists, anarchy, 95, 391, 408, 636

Anasazi, 19, 414–15, 462, 644, 656, 781

Andersen, Hans Christian, 63, 478

Anderson, George S., 263, 269, 270, 272

Anglo-Saxon race, 331

animals, 24

humans as, 350

neglect or abuse of, 37–38, 42, 46, 48, 49–52, 55, 59, 316, 327, 465

protection of, 42, 45, 46–53, 59, 142, 201–2, 206, 288, 316, 327, 702

Rough Riders’ mascots and, 324–27,
326,
332–33

slaughtering of, 47, 59, 136, 154–55, 186–88, 201

stories about, 82, 387, 437

truthful writing about, 387–88, 504–5, 781–83

see also specific animals

antelope, 150, 157, 169, 184, 195, 213, 232, 273–74, 512

at Bronx Zoo, 279

conservation of, 6, 183, 206, 406, 629

pronghorn, 9, 180, 199, 206, 263, 411, 529

slaughter of, 189

antilynching laws, 433, 441

Antiquities Act (1906), 414, 642–49, 663, 670, 679, 689–90, 691, 754–59, 761, 776, 810

bird reservations and, 712

Fulton’s views on, 676–77

Grand Canyon and, 224, 755–57

Lacey’s work for, 416, 642–49, 688

passing of, 645, 656, 661

antitrust laws, 634, 685

ants, 28–29, 161, 322

Apache, 74, 195, 315, 509–10, 581, 586, 587, 590, 591, 595, 660

Apache National forest, 399

apes, 25, 60, 207, 388–89

Appalachians, 667, 684, 758

“Arab Courier Attacked by Lion” exhibit, 54–55

Arapaho, 591, 632

Arbor Day, 683–84,
685
, 790

Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, 488

architecture, 44, 257–58, 414, 415, 781

Arctic Circle, 418, 702

aristocracy, 42, 43

hunting and, 3–5, 136, 182, 204, 440

Aristotle, 60

Arizona, 224, 243, 245, 290, 294, 397–400, 422, 543, 575, 623, 663, 738

bird reservations in, 20

Coues in, 95–96

Cuba in, 333

Great Loop tour in, 508, 525–29,
526

Merriam’s focus on, 215, 306

mining in, 451, 650

national monuments in, 707, 754–58, 775, 776, 781

Native Americans in, 241, 280, 451, 755, 756

prehistoric sites in, 294, 414, 616, 644, 755–56

Rough Riders and, 314, 331, 403, 756, 775–76

statehood for, 354
n
, 635, 649–50

T.R. in,
xviii
, 20

Arizona Antiquities Association, 671

Arizona Rangers, 775–76

Arkansas, 287
n
, 569

Arkansas River, 73, 129

Army, U.S., 248, 271, 286, 288, 371, 398, 450, 531, 611, 775, 809

buffalo slaughtered by, 604

California earthquake and, 637, 638

Native Americans and, 255, 590–91, 628

Yellowstone and, 231, 270, 272, 400, 507, 512, 514

Yosemite and, 537

Army Corps of Engineers, U.S., 693, 701

Arnold, Matthew, 192

arsenic, 54, 59, 60, 71, 363

Arthur, Chester, 268, 364

Ascent of the Mattern, The
(Whymper), 140

aspens, 250

Aspinwall, John, 33

Associated Press (AP), 384–85, 404, 576

Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, 691–92

Astor, John Jacob, 202, 620

Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe railway, 259, 398, 524, 675

Atlantic Flyway, 360

Atlantic Monthly,
4, 82, 292, 298n, 410, 542

Burroughs’s article in, 504, 505

T.R.’s work reviewed in, 228, 229

Atlantic Ocean, 29, 35, 53–54, 482, 721

in Maine, 125, 126

Audubon, John James,
23
, 38, 68, 96, 101, 102, 206, 263, 364, 394, 485, 554, 687

Baird respected by, 144

Bell’s relationship with, 54, 55

buffalo drawn by,
277

on buffalo slaughter, 187

Burroughs and, 220, 221

in Florida, 4, 89, 481, 710, 724

Grinnell influenced by, 187

hunting of, 4, 58–59

in Louisiana, 700

T.R. influenced by, 28,
34
, 55, 60, 67, 73, 99, 182, 249

Audubon, Lucy, 187

Audubon
(boat), 495, 497

Audubon
(magazine), 3, 358

Audubon Society, 12
n
, 259, 304
n
, 361, 363, 499, 678, 715, 720, 727, 745, 801

Dutcher as head of, 744

founding of, 10, 189, 202, 214

McLeod and, 729

name changes of, 720
n

state, 11, 12
n
, 304, 366, 408, 411, 473, 570, 714

T.R.’s sympathy for, 1–2, 11, 189, 499

Watch List of, 73

see also specific states

auks, 9, 205, 362

Austria, 59–60

Autobiography, An
(Roosevelt), 17–18, 29, 34, 214, 422, 424, 578, 679

Bureau of Forestry in, 411

hazing incident in, 93

O’Neill in, 143

Reid in, 28

Theodore, Sr. in, 42, 43, 67

T.R.’s ambition in, 99

wife Alice left out of, 167

wildlife protection achievements in, 721

Yosemite in, 538

Autobiography of a Bird-Lover
(Chapman), 15

automobiles, 375, 384, 396, 576, 685–86, 784, 809

Avery Island, 695

Aztecs, 415, 671

Bacon, Francis, 273

Bacon, Secretary of State, 804

badgers, 311, 523, 552–53, 557–58

Badlands, 129, 150–65, 167–71, 175–81,
178
, 184, 189–200, 251, 263, 274, 280, 375, 379

bad weather in, 160–61, 178–79, 196–97

birds in, 158

boat theft in, 191–93,
192

buffalo hunting in, 150–52, 154–55, 157–58, 160–65

creeks in, 158,
159

description of, 149, 152–53, 156, 158, 160–61

“grand holiday” to, 230, 232–33

origin of name, 153, 156

T.R.’s new status in, 193

T.R.’s writing style influenced by, 175

Baier, Lowell, 194

Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 783–84

Baillie-Grohman, William Adolph, 373–74

Baird, Spencer Fullerton, 28, 37, 99, 108, 228, 245

background of, 143–44

Merriam’s meeting with, 107

R.B.R.’s correspondence with, 90, 91, 143

at Smithsonian, 143–46, 210, 215

T.R. compared with, 246

“Balaam and Pedro” (Wister), 316

Balfour, Arthur James, 576

Balfour, Graham, 385

Ballinger, Richard A., 810

Bangs, Outram, 722

Baptist Church, 658, 659