The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (146 page)
Read The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America Online
Authors: Douglas Brinkley
27.
T.R. and Grinnell, “Preface,” in
Hunting in Many Lands
, p. 12.
28.
Charles E. Whitehead, “Game Laws,” in
Hunting in Many Lands
, pp. 370–372.
29.
T.R. and Grinnell (eds.),
Hunting in Many Lands
, pp. 424–432.
30.
Edmund Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Coward, McCann, 1979), p. 25.
31.
T.R. quoted in Van Wyck Brooks,
John Sloan: A Painter’s Life
(New York: Dutton, 1955), p. 55.
32.
H. Paul Jeffers,
Roosevelt the Explorer
(Lanham, Md.: Taylor Trade, 2003), p. 8.
33.
William Harbaugh,
Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1961), pp. 82–83.
34.
Jeffers,
Roosevelt the Explorer
, p. 84.
35.
Owen Wister,
Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919
(New York: Macmillan, 1930), p. 51.
36.
Jeffers,
Roosevelt the Explorer
, pp. 82–84.
37.
“The Summer Plans of Authors,”
New York Times
(June 21, 1896), p. 27.
38.
T.R. quoted in H. Paul Jeffers,
Colonel Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt Goes to War
(New York: Wiley, 1996), p. 20.
39.
“Electoral Vote Counted; McKinley and Hobart Formally Declared to Have Been Chosen as President and Vice President,”
New York Times
(February 11, 1897), p. 4.
40.
Roderick Frazier Nash,
Wilderness and the American Mind
, 4th ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 136.
41.
George R. Leighton,
Five Cities: The Story of Their Youth and Old Age
(New York: Harper, 1939), p. 269.
42.
George Bird Grinnell and T.R., “Preface,” in
Trail and Camp-Fire
(New York: Forest and Stream, 1897), pp. 7–8.
43.
Gerald W. Williams,
The Forest Service: Fighting for Public Lands
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2006), pp. 404–405. Williams documented the total acreage saved by the Washington Birthday Reserves: San Jacinto, California, 737,280 acres; Stanislaus, California, 691,200 acres; Washington, Washington, 3,594,240 acres; Mount Rainier, Washington, 1,267,200 acres; Olympic, Washington, 2,188,800 acres; Priest River, Idaho and Washington, 645,120 acres; Bitterroot, Idaho and Montana, 4,147,200 acres; Lewis and Clark, Montana, 2,926,080 acres; Flathead, Montana, 1,382,400 acres; Big Horn, Wyoming, 1,198,080 acres; Teton, Wyoming, 829,440 acres; Uinta, Utah, 705,120 acres; Black Hills, South Dakota, 967,680 acres.
44.
T.R. to George Bird Grinnell (August 24, 1897).
45.
Char Miller,
Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism
(Washington, D.C.: Island, 2001), p. 120.
46.
Leighton,
Five Cities
, p. 269.
47.
“After Us, the Deluge,”
New York Times
(May 8, 1897), p. 6.
48.
John Muir, “The American Forests,”
Atlantic Monthly
, Vol. 80 (August 1897).
49.
Grover Cleveland,
Fishing and Shooting Sketches
(Philadelphia, Pa.: Curtis, 1901), pp. 3–6.
50.
John Muir,
Our National Parks
(Boston, Mass. and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1901), p. 1.
51.
Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Agriculture and Industry of the State of Montana for the Year Ending November 30, 1898
(Helena, Mont.: Independent, 1898), p. 51.
52.
T.R. to George Bird Grinnell (August 24, 1897), Boone and Crockett Club Archives, Missoula, Mont.
53.
“The Cabinet Confirmed,”
New York Times
(March 6, 1897), p. 3.
54.
Gifford Pinchot,
Breaking New Ground
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1947), p. 123.
55.
“The Big Federal Domain,”
New York Times
(November 19, 1897), p. 3.
56.
Gretel Ehrlich,
John Muir: Nature’s Visionary
(Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2000).
57.
Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Agriculture and Industry of the State of Montana for the Year Ending November 30, 1898,
p. 52.
58.
Rexroth quoted in David Taylor,
A Soul of a People
(Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2009), p. 133.
59.
Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1898–1899; Part V—Forest Reserves
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1900), p. 143.
60.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 554.
61.
T.R. to Anna Roosevelt Cowles (November 13, 1896).
62.
Nathan Miller,
Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: William Morrow, 1992), p. 246.
63.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, pp. 548–563.
64.
Keir B. Sterling,
Last of the Naturalists: The Career of C. Hart Merriam
, rev. ed. (New York: Arno, 1977), p. ix.
65.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge in Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist,
p. 80.
66.
Sterling,
Last of the Naturalists.
67.
“North American Bears,”
New York Times
(April 22, 1896), p. 14.
68.
T.R. to Henry Fairfield Osborn (May 18, 1897).
69.
Ibid.
70.
T.R., “Social Evolution,” in
The Works of Theodore Roosevelt
, Memorial ed. (New York, 1923–1926), Vol. 14, pp. 109–128.
71.
T.R., “A Layman’s Views on Specific Nomenclature,”
Science
(April 30, 1897), pp. 685–688.
72.
Sterling,
Last of the Naturalists
, p. 242.
73.
Ibid. Also see Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist
(Urbana: University of Illinois, 1985), pp. 192–196.
74.
Sterling,
Last of the Naturalists
, p. 176.
75.
T.R. to Charles Addison Boutelle (June 22, 1897).
76.
T.R. to George Bird Grinnell (August 2, 1897), Boone and Crockett Club Archive, Missoula, Mont.
77.
T.R. to George Bird Grinnell (August 24, 1897).
78.
Ibid.
79.
T.R. to Henry Fairfield Osborn (September 14, 1897).
80.
Merriam quoted in
Science
(May 14, 1897).
81.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
, pp. 80–88. Also see C. Hart Merriam, “Natural History: Roosevelt’s Wapiti,”
Forest and Stream
, January 1, 1898, Vol. L, Issue No. 9, p. 5.
82.
Dr. C. Hart Merriam, “Cervus roosevelti,”
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
(December 17, 1897).
83.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
, p. 85.
84.
T.R., “Wapiti,” in Hedley Peek and Frederick George Aflalo,
The Encyclopaedia of Sport Vol. II
(London: Lawrence and Bullen, 1898), p. 530.
85.
Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
, p. 85.
86.
T.R. to C. Hart Merriam (February 22, 1899).
87.
T.R., “List of Books,” in
Trail and Camp-Fire
, p. 339.
88.
Burnham quoted in Frank Graham, Jr.,
The Adirondacks: A Political History
(New York: Knopf, 1978), p. 148.
89.
Grinnell and T.R.,
Trail and Camp-Fire
(New York:
Forest and Stream
, 1897) p. 153.
90.
T.R., “On the Little Missouri,” in
Trail and Camp-Fire
, pp. 219–220.
91.
George Bird Grinnell, “Introduction,”
Works
, Memorial Edition, Vol. 1, p. xix.
92.
T.R. to John A. Merritt (December 23, 1897).
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1.
Richard H. Collin,
Theodore Roosevelt, Culture, Diplomacy, and Expansion: A New View of American Imperialism
(Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State University Press, 1985), p. 123.
2.
Ibid, p. 120.
3.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge (August 10, 1886). See also Henry Pringle,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931), pp. 166–167.
4.
T.R.,
American Naval Policy as Outlined in the Messages of the Presidents of the United States, from 1790 to Present Day
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1897).
5.
Edmund Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Coward, McCann, 1979), p. 598.
6.
“The Maine at Havana,”
New York Times
(January 25, 1898), p. 6.
7.
T.R. to William Sheffield Cowles (March 29, 1898).
8.
Henry Pringle,
Theodore Roosevelt
(New York: Harcourt, 2003), p. 124.
9.
T.R. to William Sturgis Bigelow (March 29, 1898).
10.
T.R. to Robert Bacon (April 8, 1898).
11.
Daniel Henderson,
“Great-Heart”: The Life Story of Theodore Roosevelt
, 3rd ed. (New York: Knopf, 1919), p. 62.
12.
Akiko Murakata, “Theodore Roosevelt and William Sturgis Bigelow: The Story of a Friendship,”
Harvard Literary Bulletin,
Vol. 23, No. 1 (January 1975), p. 93.
13.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,
p. 612.
14.
Mrs. Winthrop Chanler,
Roman Spring
(Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1934), p. 285.
15.
Robert Lee,
Fort Meade and the Black Hills
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), pp. 160–161.
16.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,
pp. 613–620. Also see Leonard Wood, “Roosevelt: Soldier, Statesman, and Friend” in
The Rough Riders and Men of Action
(New York: Scribner’s, 1926), pp. xv–xvi.
17.
Marilyn Bennett,
It Happened in San Antonio
(Guilford, Conn.: Twodot, 2006), pp. 53–56.
18.
Buckhorn Saloon Museum Archive, San Antonio, Tex.
19.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge (May 25, 1898).
20.
Sarah Lyons Watts,
Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire
(Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 2003), p. 163.
21.
G. Edward White,
The Eastern Establishment and the Western Experience: The West of Frederic Remington, Theodore Roosevelt, and Owen Wister
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 149–153.
22.
Harbaugh,
Power and Responsibility
, p. 104.
23.
Michael L. Collins,
That Damned
Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and the American West, 1883–1898
(New York: Peter Lang, 1989), p. 146.
24.
“The Rough Riders Land at Montauk,”
New York Times
, (August 16, 1898), p. 1.
25.
H. W. Brands,
T.R.: The Last Romantic
(New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 344.
26.
Owen Wister, “Balaam and Pedro,”
Harper’s Monthly
(January 1894).
27.
Peggy Samuels and Harold Samuels,
Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan
, (College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1997), p. 58.
28.
Lydia Kingsmill Commander,
The American Idea
(New York: A. S. Barnes, 1907), p. 75.
29.
Henry Castor,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
(New York: Random House, 1954), p. 45.
30.
Samuels and Samuels,
Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan,
pp. 58–59.
31.
Jack [John] Willis,
Roosevelt in the Rough
(New York: Ives Washburn, 1931), pp. 36–37. Reprint.
32.
David H. Burton, “Theodore Roosevelt’s Social Darwinism and Views on Imperialism,”
Journal of the History of Ideas,
Vol. 26, No. 1 (January–March 1965), pp. 103–118.
33.
T.R., “Social Evolution,”
North American Review
(July 1895). Republished in
American Ideals, and Other Essays
(New York: Putnam, 1897), pp. 293–317.
34.
Ibid., p. 296. Also see Patrick Sharp,
Savage Perils: Racial Frontiers and Nuclear Apocalypse
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007); and John Morton Blum, “Theodore Roosevelt: The Years of Decision,”
The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), Vol. 2, p. 1486.
35.
John Burroughs, “The Biological Origin of the Ruling Class,” cited in Renehan Jr.,
John Burroughs
(Post Mills, Vt.: Chelsea Green, 1992), p. 199.
36.
Edward J. Renehan Jr.,
John Burroughs
(Post Mills, Vt.: Chelsea Green, 1992), pp. 198–200.
37.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 630. Also see “The War: Expected Naval Battle, Firing at Cabanas,”
The Observer
, May 1, 1898, p. A5.
38.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge (June 12, 1898).
39.
“Colt Machineguns in the Spanish American War,” (2008), Fort Sam Houston Museum, San Antonio, Tex.
40.
William McKinley Executive Order (March 28, 1898) from the Executive Mansion; William McKinley Proclamation (May 27, 1898); William McKinley Proclamation (June 29, 1898); McKinley’s third State of the Union address, in James D. Richardson,
A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents
1789–1907, Vol. 10 (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1908), pp. 343, 253, 121.
41.
T.R.,
Letters
, Vol. II, p. 843. Also see Brands,
T.R.: The Last Romantic
(New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 346.
42.
T.R. to Corinne Roosevelt Robinson (June 15, 1898).
43.
Owen Wister,
The Virginian: A Horseman of the Plains
(New York: Macmillan, 1902), p. 334.
44.
Kathleen Dalton,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life
(New York: Knopf, 2002), p. 173.
45.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
(New York: Scribner, 1899), 1905 reprint, p. 73.
46.
Charles Darwin,
The Descent of Man,
2nd revision (London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1890), p. 54.
47.
Joseph Bucklin Bishop,
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children
, p. 16.
48.
Nathaniel Lande,
Dispatches From the Front: A History of the American War Correspondent
(New York: Henry Holt, 1995), p. 151.
49.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, pp. 15–16.
50.
Ibid., “Appendix A: Muster-Out Roll.”
51.
Edward Marshall,
The Story of the Rough Riders
(New York: G. W. Dillingham, 1899), p. 127.
52.
John Hay letter to T.R. (July 27, 1898), quoted in “Credit ‘Splendid Little War’ to John Hay,”
New York Times
(July 9, 1991), p. A18.
53.
Davis,
Badge of Courage
, pp. 259–261.
54.
T.R. to William Rufus Shafter (August 3, 1898).
55.
Jeff Heatley (ed.),
Bully! Colonel Roosevelt, the Rough Riders, and Camp Wikoff
(Montauk, N.Y.: Montauk Historical Society, 1998), pp. 55–94.
56.
Marshall,
The Story of the Rough Riders
, p. 23.
57.
Cara Blessley Lowe, “Introducing Cougar,” in Marc Bekoff and Cara Blessley Lowe (eds.),
Listening to Cougar
(Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2007), p. 5.
58.
“The Rough Riders Land at Montauk,”
New York Times
(August 16, 1898), p. 1.
59.
Marshall,
The Story of the Rough Riders
, p. 24.
60.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, p. 222.
61.
T.R. to his children (June 6, 1898).
62.
N. Scott Momaday,
House Made of Dawn
(New York: HarperCollins, 1968), pp. 14–20.
63.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, p. 222.
64.
Robert C. V. Meyers,
Theodore Roosevelt: Patriot and Statesman
(Philadelphia, Pa.: Ziegler, 1902), p. 284.
65.
Joseph Bucklin Bishop,
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children
(New York: Scribner, 1919), pp. 15–16.
66.
Author interview with James Stringer (July 15, 2008), Santa Fe, N.M. (Stringer is the great-grandson of Cuba’s later owner, Samuel Black.)
67.
Heatley (ed.),
Bully!
p. 485.
68.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, pp. 221–223.
69.
Albert Smith,
Two Reels and a Crank
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1952), p. 57.
70.
T.R. to Corinne Roosevelt Robinson (June 27, 1898).
71.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 643.
72.
Stephen Crane, “Roosevelt’s Rough Riders, Loss Due to a Gallant Blunder,”
New York World
(June 26, 1898).
73.
Virgil Carrington Jones,
Roosevelt’s
Rough Riders
, (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971), p. 6.
74.
T.R. to Corinne Roosevelt Robinson (June 15, 1898).
75.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, p. 92.
76.
Ibid., pp. 104–105.
77.
Ibid.
78.
T.R., “Kidd’s Social Evolution,”
The North American Review
(July 1895). Also included in
The Works of Theodore Roosevelt
(Nation Edition), Vol. XIII (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926), pp. 223–241.
79.
Samuels and Samuels,
Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan,
p. 296. Also see John M. Blum,
The National Experience
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, World, 1963), p. 495.
80.
T.R.,
The Winning of the West
, Presidential Edition (New York: Putnam, 1889), p. vii.
81.
Patrick Sharp, “The Darwinist Frontier,” in
Savage Perils.
82.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
, p. 15.
83.
Robert Gearty, “Park Is Teddy Terrain; Renaming in Montauk for Roosevelt,”
New York Daily News
(January 4, 1998).
84.
Michael Pollak, “Screen Grab; Remembering Rough Rider Who Was a President,”
New York Times
(February 1, 2001). I was one of fourteen historians who had written President Bill Clinton a letter on March 31, 1999 urging the president to award T.R. the medal he so richly deserved. Others included Stephen E. Ambrose, John A. Gable, Nathan Miller, Edmund and Sylvia Morris, William N. Tischin, and Geoffrey C. Ward. Also see “Medal of Honor Awarded to Theodore Roosevelt,”
Theodore Roosevelt Administration Journal
, Vol. XXIV, No. 2 (2001), pp. 3–9.
85.
“An Exciting Night in Camp,”
New York Times
(September 15, 1898), p. 2.
86.
James H. McClintock,
Arizona: Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern
, Vol. 2 (Chicago, Ill.: S. J. Clarke, 1916), p. 522.
87.
“Rough Riders’ Mascot Dead,”
Chicago Times Herald
(June 13, 1899). Rough Riders Museum Archive, Las Vegas, N.M. Special thanks to Pat Romero for bringing this to my attention.
88.
Author interview with James Stringer (July 15, 2008), Santa Fe, N.M. Mr. Stringer kindly read to me the
Arizona Daily Sun
’s obituary of Cuba the dog (n.d.).
89.
T.R. to Francis Ellington Leupp (September 3, 1898).
90.
Morris,
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 670.
91.
Bishop,
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children
, p. 17.
92.
White,
The Eastern Establishment and the Western Experience,
p. 58.
93.
Robert Hendrickson,
Happy Trails: A Dictionary of Western Expressions
(New York: Facts on File, 1994), p. 34.
94.
T.R.,
The Rough Riders
(Appendix D, Revised Edition), p. 320. Also see “Mens Gift to Roosevelt,”
New York Times
(September 14, 1898), p. 3.
95.
White,
The Eastern Establishment and the Western Experience
, pp. 168–169.
96.
Virgil Carrington Jones,
Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
, p. 277.
97.
Leonard Wood, “Roosevelt: Soldier, Statesman, and Friend,”
The Works of Theodore Roosevelt,
Memorial Edition, Vol. 13 (New York: Scribner, 1924), p. xiii.
98.
T.R. to John Ellis Roosevelt (March 31, 1898).
99.
John A. Correy,
A Rough Ride to Albany: Teddy Runs for Governor
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2006).
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