Read The Sonnets and Other Poems Online
Authors: William Shakespeare
Auden, W. H., Introduction to Signet Classics edition of the
Sonnets
, ed. William Burto (1964). A poet’s reading, with some attention to the question of homosexuality.
Bate, Jonathan, “Sexual Poetry,” chap. 2 of
Shakespeare and Ovid
(1993), “Shakespeare’s Autobiographical Poems?” chap. 3 of
The Genius of Shakespeare
(1997, revised edition 2008), and “The Perplexities of Love,” chap. 12 of
Soul of the Age: The Life, Mind and World of William Shakespeare
(2008). Two different takes on the sonnets and an essay on the Ovidianism of the narrative poems by the editor of this volume.
Berryman, John,
Berryman
’
s Shakespeare
, ed. John Haffenden (1999). Includes reflections on the sonnets by one of modern poetry’s greatest sonnet writers.
Booth, Stephen,
An Essay on Shakespeare
’
s Sonnets
(1969). Excellent close reading. See also the extraordinarily (excessively?) rich annotation in Booth’s Yale edition of
Shakespeare
’
s Sonnets
(1977).
Dubrow, Heather,
Captive Victors: Shakespeare
’
s Narrative Poems and Sonnets
(1987). Very good on oxymoronic language.
Edmondson, Paul, and Stanley Wells,
Shakespeare
’
s Sonnets
(2004). Sane introductory study.
Empson, William, numerous passages in
Seven Types of Ambiguity
(1930) and an essay on Sonnet 94 (“They that have power to hurt”) in
Some Versions of Pastoral
(1935). Unsurpassed as readings of the sonnets.
Fineman, Joel,
Shakespeare
’
s Perjured Eye: the Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets
(1986). Dense and challenging theoretical study, strongly influenced by the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan.
Hammond, Paul,
Figuring Sex between Men from Shakespeare to Rochester
(2002). Thoughtful readings of a cross section of poets.
Keach, William,
Elizabethan Erotic Narratives: Irony and Pathos in the Ovidian Poetry of Shakespeare, Marlowe and Their Contemporaries
(1977). Equally good on both Shakespeare and his poetic contemporaries.
Kerrigan, John,
Motives of Woe: Shakespeare and
“
Female Complaint
” (1991). Critical anthology placing “A Lover’s Complaint” in its tradition.
Smith, Bruce,
Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare
’
s England
(1991). Valuable context, especially good on Barnfield’s “Ganymede” poems.
Vendler, Helen,
The Art of Shakespeare
’
s Sonnets
(1997). An edition with rich commentary.
Vickers, Brian,
Shakespeare,
“
A Lover
’
s Complaint
”
and John Davies of Hereford
(2007). The powerful case against Shakespeare’s authorship of the “Complaint.” But see also Macdonald P. Jackson’s response in
Review of English Studies
, September 2007.
Vickers, Nancy, “‘The blazon of sweet beauty’s best’: Shakespeare’s
Lucrece
,” in
Shakespeare and the Question of Theory
, ed. Patricia Parker and Geoffrey Hartman (1985), pp. 95–115. Strong feminist reading.
Wilde, Oscar,
The Portrait of Mr. W. H.
, in
Complete Short Fiction
, ed. Ian Small (1995). Brilliantly provocative fantasy.
THE MODERN LIBRARY EDITORIAL BOARD
Maya Angelou
•
A. S. Byatt
•
Caleb Carr
•
Christopher Cerf
•
Harold Evans
•
Charles Frazier
•
Vartan Gregorian
•
Jessica Hagedorn
•
Richard Howard
•
Charles Johnson
•
Jon Krakauer
•
Edmund Morris
•
Azar Nafisi
•
Joyce Carol Oates
•
Elaine Pagels
•
John Richardson
•
Salman Rushdie
•
Oliver Sacks
•
Carolyn See
•
Gore Vidal
Copyright © 2007, 2009 by The Royal Shakespeare Company
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Modern Library, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
“Royal Shakespeare Company,” “RSC,” and the RSC logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of The Royal Shakespeare Company.
The versions of the sonnets and other poems and the corresponding footnotes that appear in this volume were originally published in
William Shakespeare Complete Works,
edited by Jonathan Bate and Eric Rasmussen, published in 2007 by Modern Library, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc.
eISBN: 978-1-58836-835-5
v3.0
Vilia … aqua
“Let the rabble admire worthless things, / May golden Apollo supply me with cups full of water from the Castalian spring” (from Ovid,
Amores
1.15.35–6; Apollo is the sun god, and the Castalian spring on Mount Parnassus was sacred to him and to the Muses)
HENRY WRIOTHESLEY
poets commonly sought noble patrons for their work; the Earl of Southampton was nineteen in 1593 when the poem was published
idle hours
a conventionally modest disclaimer, but may refer to the closure of the theaters due to an outbreak of plague
some graver labour
Shakespeare may be thinking of
The Rape of Lucrece
, published the following year and also dedicated to Wriothesley
graver
more important, substantial
first … invention
i.e. first published work/first poetic work (deemed more literary than a play)
ear
plow
survey
literary examination, evaluation
1
EVEN as
just when/in the same way as
purple-coloured
red (with connotations of regality or of the flush of dawn)
3
hied him
hurried
chase
hunt
5
Sick-thoughted
lovesick
makes amain
hastens
9
Stain to
eclipsing, making tarnished (the beauty of)
nymphs
beautiful young women/female spirits
lovely
beautiful (usually used of a woman)
10
white and red
i.e. in terms of complexion
12
Saith
says
13
Vouchsafe
deign, condescend
alight
dismount from
14
proud
splendid/high-spirited
saddle-bow
the arched front of a saddle
15
meed
reward
16
honey secrets
sexual sweets (
secrets
has vaginal connotations)
18
set
seated
19
satiety
excess
24
wasted
spent/diminished
sport
sexual entertainment
25
sweating
a moist, warm
palm
was thought to be a sign of an amorous, sexually vigorous nature
26
precedent … livelihood
indicator of sexual vitality
27
balm
soothing ointment
28
sovereign
superlative/healing
29
enraged
inflamed, ardent
30
Courageously
boldly/lustfully
31
lusty
lively/lustful
courser
large powerful horse
32
tender
youthful
34
leaden
dull, inert (with phallic implications)
appetite
sexual appetite, desire
unapt
not inclined/not able
toy
engage in sexual play
37
studded
ornamented with studs, a sign of luxury
ragged
rough
39
stallèd up
confined, secured
40
prove
try
41
would
wished to
thrust
penetrated sexually
42
governed … lust
was stronger than him but unable to arouse him sexually
43
So … down
she lay down beside him as soon as he was down
46
chide
rebuke (her)
47
broken
interrupted
50
maiden
virginal/girlish
53
miss
wrongdoing, misbehavior
55
empty
unfed
sharp by fast
made hungry by lack of food
56
Tires
pulls, tears
58
gorge
crop, gullet in which partially digested food is stored
61
content
please/be content
63
pray
prayer (puns on “prey”)
66
distilling
falling in minute drops
69
awed
awestruck, terrified
fret
annoyed, vexed
71
rank
full
72
Perforce
of necessity
73
prettily
ingeniously/coaxingly (sense then shifts to “attractive”)
75
lours
frowns, looks angry
76
’Twixt
between
79
Look … can
however he looks
81
remove
withdraw (from a siege)
82
contending
striving, antagonistic
84
countless
numberless/infinitely valuable
86
dive-dapper
dabchick, a small diving waterfowl
90
winks
shuts his eyes/winces
91
passenger
traveler on foot
92
turn
favor (plays on sense of “sexual act”)
94
bathes in water
i.e. weeps
96
coy
shy/reserved/disdainful
98
god of war
i.e. Mars, with whom Venus had an adulterous affair
99
sinewy
muscular
bow
acknowledge defeat
100
jar
fight
104
uncontrollèd
unconquered