The Sonnets and Other Poems (31 page)

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Authors: William Shakespeare

BOOK: The Sonnets and Other Poems
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FURTHER READING

Auden, W. H., Introduction to Signet Classics edition of the
Sonnets
, ed. William Burto (1964). A poet’s reading, with some attention to the question of homosexuality.

Bate, Jonathan, “Sexual Poetry,” chap. 2 of
Shakespeare and Ovid
(1993), “Shakespeare’s Autobiographical Poems?” chap. 3 of
The Genius of Shakespeare
(1997, revised edition 2008), and “The Perplexities of Love,” chap. 12 of
Soul of the Age: The Life, Mind and World of William Shakespeare
(2008). Two different takes on the sonnets and an essay on the Ovidianism of the narrative poems by the editor of this volume.

Berryman, John,
Berryman

s Shakespeare
, ed. John Haffenden (1999). Includes reflections on the sonnets by one of modern poetry’s greatest sonnet writers.

Booth, Stephen,
An Essay on Shakespeare

s Sonnets
(1969). Excellent close reading. See also the extraordinarily (excessively?) rich annotation in Booth’s Yale edition of
Shakespeare

s Sonnets
(1977).

Dubrow, Heather,
Captive Victors: Shakespeare

s Narrative Poems and Sonnets
(1987). Very good on oxymoronic language.

Edmondson, Paul, and Stanley Wells,
Shakespeare

s Sonnets
(2004). Sane introductory study.

Empson, William, numerous passages in
Seven Types of Ambiguity
(1930) and an essay on Sonnet 94 (“They that have power to hurt”) in
Some Versions of Pastoral
(1935). Unsurpassed as readings of the sonnets.

Fineman, Joel,
Shakespeare

s Perjured Eye: the Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets
(1986). Dense and challenging theoretical study, strongly influenced by the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan.

Hammond, Paul,
Figuring Sex between Men from Shakespeare to Rochester
(2002). Thoughtful readings of a cross section of poets.

Keach, William,
Elizabethan Erotic Narratives: Irony and Pathos in the Ovidian Poetry of Shakespeare, Marlowe and Their Contemporaries
(1977). Equally good on both Shakespeare and his poetic contemporaries.

Kerrigan, John,
Motives of Woe: Shakespeare and

Female Complaint
” (1991). Critical anthology placing “A Lover’s Complaint” in its tradition.

Smith, Bruce,
Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare

s England
(1991). Valuable context, especially good on Barnfield’s “Ganymede” poems.

Vendler, Helen,
The Art of Shakespeare

s Sonnets
(1997). An edition with rich commentary.

Vickers, Brian,
Shakespeare,

A Lover

s Complaint

and John Davies of Hereford
(2007). The powerful case against Shakespeare’s authorship of the “Complaint.” But see also Macdonald P. Jackson’s response in
Review of English Studies
, September 2007.

Vickers, Nancy, “‘The blazon of sweet beauty’s best’: Shakespeare’s
Lucrece
,” in
Shakespeare and the Question of Theory
, ed. Patricia Parker and Geoffrey Hartman (1985), pp. 95–115. Strong feminist reading.

Wilde, Oscar,
The Portrait of Mr. W. H.
, in
Complete Short Fiction
, ed. Ian Small (1995). Brilliantly provocative fantasy.

THE MODERN LIBRARY EDITORIAL BOARD

Maya Angelou

A. S. Byatt

Caleb Carr

Christopher Cerf

Harold Evans

Charles Frazier

Vartan Gregorian

Jessica Hagedorn

Richard Howard

Charles Johnson

Jon Krakauer

Edmund Morris

Azar Nafisi

Joyce Carol Oates

Elaine Pagels

John Richardson

Salman Rushdie

Oliver Sacks

Carolyn See

Gore Vidal

Copyright © 2007, 2009 by The Royal Shakespeare Company

All rights reserved.

Published in the United States by Modern Library, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.

“Royal Shakespeare Company,” “RSC,” and the RSC logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of The Royal Shakespeare Company.

The versions of the sonnets and other poems and the corresponding footnotes that appear in this volume were originally published in
William Shakespeare Complete Works,
edited by Jonathan Bate and Eric Rasmussen, published in 2007 by Modern Library, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc.

eISBN: 978-1-58836-835-5

www.modernlibrary.com

v3.0

Vilia … aqua
“Let the rabble admire worthless things, / May golden Apollo supply me with cups full of water from the Castalian spring” (from Ovid,
Amores
1.15.35–6; Apollo is the sun god, and the Castalian spring on Mount Parnassus was sacred to him and to the Muses)   

HENRY WRIOTHESLEY
poets commonly sought noble patrons for their work; the Earl of Southampton was nineteen in 1593 when the poem was published   

idle hours
a conventionally modest disclaimer, but may refer to the closure of the theaters due to an outbreak of plague   

some graver labour
Shakespeare may be thinking of
The Rape of Lucrece
, published the following year and also dedicated to Wriothesley   

graver
more important, substantial   

first … invention
i.e. first published work/first poetic work (deemed more literary than a play)   

ear
plow   

survey
literary examination, evaluation   

1
EVEN as
just when/in the same way as   

purple-coloured
red (with connotations of regality or of the flush of dawn)   

3
hied him
hurried   

chase
hunt   

5
Sick-thoughted
lovesick   

makes amain
hastens   

9
Stain to
eclipsing, making tarnished (the beauty of)   

nymphs
beautiful young women/female spirits   

lovely
beautiful (usually used of a woman)   

10
white and red
i.e. in terms of complexion   

12
Saith
says   

13
Vouchsafe
deign, condescend   

alight
dismount from   

14
proud
splendid/high-spirited   

saddle-bow
the arched front of a saddle   

15
meed
reward   

16
honey secrets
sexual sweets (
secrets
has vaginal connotations)   

18
set
seated   

19
satiety
excess   

24
wasted
spent/diminished   

sport
sexual entertainment   

25
sweating
a moist, warm
palm
was thought to be a sign of an amorous, sexually vigorous nature   

26
precedent … livelihood
indicator of sexual vitality   

27
balm
soothing ointment   

28
sovereign
superlative/healing   

29
enraged
inflamed, ardent   

30
Courageously
boldly/lustfully   

31
lusty
lively/lustful   

courser
large powerful horse   

32
tender
youthful   

34
leaden
dull, inert (with phallic implications)   

appetite
sexual appetite, desire   

unapt
not inclined/not able   

toy
engage in sexual play   

37
studded
ornamented with studs, a sign of luxury   

ragged
rough   

39
stallèd up
confined, secured   

40
prove
try   

41
would
wished to   

thrust
penetrated sexually   

42
governed … lust
was stronger than him but unable to arouse him sexually   

43
So … down
she lay down beside him as soon as he was down   

46
chide
rebuke (her)   

47
broken
interrupted   

50
maiden
virginal/girlish   

53
miss
wrongdoing, misbehavior   

55
empty
unfed   

sharp by fast
made hungry by lack of food   

56
Tires
pulls, tears   

58
gorge
crop, gullet in which partially digested food is stored   

61
content
please/be content   

63
pray
prayer (puns on “prey”)   

66
distilling
falling in minute drops   

69
awed
awestruck, terrified   

fret
annoyed, vexed   

71
rank
full   

72
Perforce
of necessity   

73
prettily
ingeniously/coaxingly (sense then shifts to “attractive”)   

75
lours
frowns, looks angry   

76
’Twixt
between   

79
Look … can
however he looks   

81
remove
withdraw (from a siege)   

82
contending
striving, antagonistic   

84
countless
numberless/infinitely valuable   

86
dive-dapper
dabchick, a small diving waterfowl   

90
winks
shuts his eyes/winces   

91
passenger
traveler on foot   

92
turn
favor (plays on sense of “sexual act”)   

94
bathes in water
i.e. weeps   

96
coy
shy/reserved/disdainful   

98
god of war
i.e. Mars, with whom Venus had an adulterous affair   

99
sinewy
muscular   

bow
acknowledge defeat   

100
jar
fight   

104
uncontrollèd
unconquered   

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