The Mob and the City (46 page)

12
. Report of Dr. L. E. Kinholz, Charles Luciano, June 30, 1936, in Box 13, Dewey Papers (UR); United States Census Bureau,
1920 Federal Population Census
, Salvatore Lucania, District No. 1, New York, NY.

13
. Report of Dr. Freedran (UR);
New York Times
, June 19, 1936.

14
.
New York Times
, June 19, 1936.

15
. Report of Dr. Kinholz, in Box 13, Dewey Papers (UR). Luciano may have enjoyed drugs too much. “He is a drug addict,” stated his first prison psychiatrist in 1936, who recommended that due “to his drug addiction he should be transferred to Dannemora Prison” in Dannemora, New York. This prison had a mental health hospital. Ralph Blumenthal,
Miracle at Sing Sing: How One Man Transformed the Lives of America's Most Dangerous Prisoners
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2004), p. 166. Sometime after his transfer to Dannemora, Luciano denied drug use to another psychiatrist, who found no addiction at this later time. Report of Dr. Freedran (UR).

16
. Report of Dr. Kinholz and Dr. Freedran, both in Box 13, Dewey Papers (UR).

17
. Report of Dr. Freedran in Box 13, Dewey Papers (UR); Luciano quoted in Leonard Lyons, “The Man Who Was Lucky,”
Esquire
(April 1953): 66–67, 127–31; FBI Memorandum, Re: Charles Luciana, August 28, 1935, in FBI Freedom of Information Act File (hereafter “FOIA”) of Charles Luciano (copy in possession of author).

18
. United States Census Bureau,
1920 Federal Population Census
, Salvatore Lucania, District No. 1, New York, NY.

19
. Mike Dash,
The First Family: Terror, Extortion, and the Birth of the American Mafia
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), pp. 147, 150.

20
. Ibid., pp. 234–36.

21
. David Critchley,
The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931
(New York: Routledge, 2009), pp. 121, 155.

22
. United States Secret Service, Daily Reports for New York District Office, January 27, 1912, April 27, 1915, May 29, 1915, each in Records of the United States Secret Service, Record Group 87, in National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereafter “NARA College Park”).

23
.
New York Times
, January 16, 1920; Michael A. Lerner,
Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), pp. 40, 64.

24
. National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement,
Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws: Official Records
, Senate, 71st Cong., 3d Sess. (Washington, DC: GPO, 1931), 203, 716.

25
. Lerner,
Dry Manhattan
, p. 95.

26
. National Commission,
Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws
, p. 723.

27
. Tom Geraghty, quoted in Jeff Kisseloff, ed.,
You Must Remember This: An Oral History of Manhattan from the 1890s to World War II
(New York: Schocken Books, 1989), p. 584.

28
. Caroline F. Ware
, Greenwich Village, 1920–1930: A Comment on American Civilization in the Post-War Years
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1935), p. 56;Critchley,
Organized Crime
, p. 143.

29
. Roger Touhy with Ray Brennan,
The Stolen Years
(Cleveland: Pennington Press, 1959), pp. 63, 65.

30
.
Brooklyn Standard Union
, July 22, 1931;
New York Post
, February 29, 1932.

31
. Mark H. Haller, “Bootleggers and American Gambling 1920–1950,” in Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling,
Gambling in America: Appendix
(Washington, DC: GPO, 1976), pp. 109–11.

32
. Joseph Bonanno with Sergio Lalli,
A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), pp. 65, 75.

33
. Nick Gentile,
Vita di Capomafia
(Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1963), pp. 80, 87.

34
. Lerner,
Dry Manhattan
, p. 146.

35
. Malcolm F. Willoughby,
Rum War at Sea
(Washington, DC: GPO, 1964), pp. 32–33.

36
. George Wolf with Joseph DiMona,
Frank Costello: Prime Minister of the Underworld
(London: Staughton, 1975), pp. 12–15, 22, 50–51.

37
. Ibid.;
Costello vs. United States
, 365 U.S. 265 (1961);
Investigation of Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, Hearings before the Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, Part 7
, Senate, 81st Cong., 2d Sess. (1951), 895, 900 (hereafter “Kefauver Committee Hearings”).

38
.
Daily Star
, October 28, 1926;
Brooklyn Standard Union
, November 19, 1926;
New York Times
, January 27, 1926, January 21–22, 1927, January 31, 1927; Wolf,
Costello
, p. 51.

39
. Kefauver Committee Hearings, 889–904 (testimony of Frank Costello).

40
.
Costello vs. United States
, 365 U.S. 265 (1961).

41
.
New York Times
, August 3, 1924, June 11, 1925, June 30, 1925;
New York Evening Post
, April 16, 1925.

42
. Bonanno,
Man of Honor
, p. 76; Critchley,
Origin of Organized Crime
, p. 138.

43
. John Morahan, quoted in Jeff Kisseloff, ed.,
You Must Remember This: An Oral History of Manhattan from the 1890s to World War II
(Baltimore: John's Hopkins University Press, 1989), p. 585.

44
. Ware,
Greenwich Village
, pp. 56–57; Lewis Valentine,
Night Stick: The Autobiography of Lewis J. Valentine
(New York: Dial Press, 1947), pp. 54–55.

45
. Humbert S. Nelli,
The Business of Crime: Italians and Syndicate Crime in the United States
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), p. 172.

46
. Masseria may have made key contacts while in Sing Sing. For eighteen months, between March 1914 and September 1916, Masseria's time in Sing Sing overlapped with that of Thomas “The Bull” Pennochio, a close ally of Charles “Lucky” Luciano. During Prohibition, Luciano and Pennochio would become key lieutenants of Masseria. Compare Giuseppe Masseria, Inmate Admission, Sing Sing Correctional Facility Records, New York State Archives, Albany, NY (hereafter “NYSA”) with Thomas Pennochio Prison File in Notorious Offenders Files, Records of the Federal Bureau of Prison, RG 129, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereafter “NARA College Park”); Thomas Hunt and Michael Tona, “Cleveland Convention Was to Be Masseria Coronation,”
Informer: History of American Crime & Law Enforcement
(January 2010): 13–36 n. 83.

47
. Critchley,
Origin of Organized Crime
, p. 155; Lerner,
Dry Manhattan
, pp. 261–263.

48
.
New York Evening Telegram
, May 9, 1922;
New York Times
, May 9, 1922.

49
.
New York Herald-Tribune
, May 9, 1922;
New York Evening Telegram
, May 9, 1922, August 11, 1922;
New York Times
, May 9, 1922;
People against Joseph Masseria
(1922), in New York County District Attorney Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York, NY (hereafter “NYMA”).

50
.
New York Call
, August 9, 1922;
New York Times
, August 9, 1922.

51
.
New York Times
, April 16, 1931.

52
. Wolf,
Frank Costello
, p. 69; Dash,
First Family
, pp. 271–72.

53
. FBI Memorandum, General Investigative Intelligence File, October 15, 1956, in Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, RG 65, (NARA College Park);
New York Times
, July 24, 1929.

54
. Bonanno,
Man of Honor
, p. 84;
New York Times
, April 16, 1931.

55
. Kisseloff,
You Must Remember This
, p. 597.

56
. Ben Wattenberg and Richard M. Scammon,
The Real Majority: An Extraordinary Examination of the American Electorate
(New York: Coward-McCann, 1970), p. 45.

57
. Ira Rosenwaike,
Population History of New York City
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), pp. 93–95.

58
. Table 2–1 is based on Rosenwaike,
Population History
, pp. 77, 141, 202–204, and Federation of Jewish Philanthropies,
The Estimated Jewish Population of the New York Area, 1900–1975
(New York: n.p., 1959), p. 15. The numbers in table 3–1 are rounded down to the nearest thousand and percentage point.

59
. Federal Writers’ Project, “Italian Colonies in New York City, 1936,” in WPA Federal Writers’ Project (NYC Unit) Collection, 1936–1943 (NYMA); Tyler Anbinder,
Five Points: The 19th-Century New York City Neighborhood that Invented Tap Dance, Stole Elections, and Became the World's Most Notorious Slum
(New York: Plume, 2002), p. 375.

60
. Jerry Della Femina, quoted in Myrna Katz Frommer and Harvey Frommer, ed.,
It Happened in Manhattan: An Oral History of Life in the City during the Mid-Twentieth Century
(New York: Berkley Books, 2001), p. 47.

61
. Gus Petruzzelli,
Memories of Growing up in Little Italy, NY
(Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2010), p. 11.

62
. Julius Drachsler,
Intermarriage in New York City: A Statistical Study of the Amalgamation of European Peoples
(New York: n.p., 1921), pp. 43–45.

63
. There were about five thousand
mafiosi
out of approximately 1,029,000 Italian Americans.
Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations: Organized Crime and the Illicit Traffic in Narcotics
, Senate, 88th Cong., 1st Sess. (1963), 270–71 (testimony of Joseph Valachi); Rosenwaike,
Population History
, p. 205. This constitutes 0.48 percent of the total population.

64
. Robert A. Orsi,
The Madonna of 115th Street: Faith and Community in Italian Harlem
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985), pp. 103–104.

65
. Clara Ferrara, quoted in
An Oral History of Manhattan
, p. 367.

66
. George P. LeBrun,
It's Time to Tell
(New York: William Morrow, 1962), pp. 130–31.

67
. Salvatore Mondello,
A Sicilian in East Harlem
(Youngstown, NY: Cambria Press, 2005), p. 54.