The Mob and the City (45 page)

42
. Burrows and Wallace,
Gotham
, pp. 437, 723–24; New York State Department of Labor,
Report of the Industrial Commissioner to the Hotel and Restaurant Wage Board
(Albany, NY: n.p., 1935), pp. 18–20.

43
. United States Department of Agriculture,
The Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Markets of New York City
(Washington, DC: GPO, 1940), pp. 6–7.

44
.
Report of the Executive Committee to the New York City Council of Political Reform on the Operations of the Dept. of Docks
(New York: n.p., 1875), p. 13;
Commission on Congestion of Population
, p. 11.

45
. Police Department of the City of New York,
Our Grave Traffic Problem; Suggestions for Relief
(1924), p. 6;
Report to the Honorable James J. Walker, Mayor, on Highway Traffic Conditions and Proposed Traffic Relief Measures for the City of New York
(New York: n.p., 1929), p. 24.

46
. Police Department of the City of New York,
Our Grave Traffic Problem
, p. 7.

47
.
Investigation of Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field
.
Hearings before the Select Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field
, Senate, 85th Cong., 2d. Sess., 6751–52 (1958) (testimony of John Montesano).

48
. Oral history of Frank DiTrapani, quoted in
An Oral History of Manhattan
, p. 125.

49
. Max Block,
Max the Butcher: An Autobiography of Violence and Intrigue
(Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1982), pp. 88–94, 106.

50
.
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
, 295 U.S. 495 (1935); Andrew W. Cohen, “The Era of Big Gonif Was Over,” reposted by Eric Rauchway,
The Edge of the American West
(blog), May 27, 2008,
http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/edgeofthewest/2008/05/27/the-era-of-big-gonif-was-over/
(accessed May 19, 2013).

51
. Stephen H. Norwood,
Strike-Breaking and Intimidation: Mercenaries and Masculinity in Twentieth-Century America
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), pp. 171–93.

52
. Bonanno,
Man of Honor
, p. 79.

53
.
New York Times
, August 10, 1933; Robert F. Himmelberg,
The Origins of the National Recovery Administration: Business, Government, and the Trade Association Issue, 1921–1933
(New York: Fordham University Press, 1993), pp. 1–4.

54
. Benjamin Schlesinger, “Stabilizing an Industry,” quoted in
Out of the Sweatshop: The Struggle for Industrial Democracy
, ed. Leon Stein (New York: Quadrangle, 1977), p. 219; International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union,
Industry Planning through Collective Bargaining
(New York: n.p., 1941), p. 10.

55
. Bonanno,
Man of Honor
, pp. 152–53.

56
. Grand Jury Association of New York County,
Criminal Receivers in the United States
(1928);
Investigation of So-Called “Rackets.” Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Commerce
, Senate, 73d Cong., 2d. Sess., 16–17 (1934); Samuel Marx,
Broadway Gangsters and Their Rackets
(Girard, KS: H. J. Publishers, 1929), p. 13; Timothy J. Gilfoyle,
A Pickpocket's Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2006 ), pp. 60–61, 318–20.

57
. Jenna Weissman Joselit,
Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community, 1900–1940
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983), pp. 36–39; Fire Department of the City of New York,
Incendiarism in Greater New York
(December 1912), pp. 14–16.

58
. Thomas M. Pitkin and Francesco Cordasco,
Black Hand: A Chapter in Ethnic Crime
(Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1977); Joselit,
Our Gang
, pp. 39–40.

59
. Oral history of Peter Rofrano, quoted in
An Oral History of Manhattan
, p. 364.

60
. Jeffrey Scott McIllwain,
Organizing Crime in Chinatown: Race and Racketeering in New York City, 1890–1910
(London: McFarland, 2004), pp. 130–34.

61
. Crime Commission of New York State,
Report to the Commission of the Sub-Commission on Police
(Albany, NY: n.p., 1927), p. 23; NYPD,
Annual Report for the Year 1930
(New York: n.p., 1931), p. 8.

62
. Special Committee Appointed to Investigate the Police Department of the City of New York,
Investigation of the Police Dept. of the City of New York, Proceedings from March 9 to June 5, 1894
(Albany, NY: n.p., 1895), pp. 25, 42.

63
. Commission to Investigate Allegations of Police Corruption and the City's Anti-Corruption Procedures,
Commission Report
(New York: 1972), p. 125.

64
.
The Transit Problems of New York City
(New York: n.p., 1919), p. 20; Robert A. Caro,
The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York
(New York: Vintage, 1975), pp. 71–86.

65
. Raymond D. Horton,
Municipal Labor Relations in New York City
(New York: Praeger, 1973), p. 17.

66
.
Report of the Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate the Affairs of the City of New York on the Dept. of Docks
(New York: n.p., 1922), p. 5; State of New York,
Report and Summary of the Evidence of the Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate the Affairs of the City of New York
(Albany, NY: n.p., 1922), p. 74; New York City Commissioner of Accounts,
Investigating City Government in the La Guardia Administration
(New York: n.p., 1937), p. 36.

67
. The first use of the term
fragile
to describe an industry susceptible to racketeering was in Ronald Goldstock et. al.,
Corruption and Racketeering in the New York City Construction Industry: The Final Report of the New York State Organized Crime Task Force
(New York: New York University Press, 1990), of which Dr. James B. Jacobs was the principal draftsman. As the
Final Report
explained, “The power of so many people in the construction process to impose delay costs on a construction project is what we mean by ‘fragility.’” See page 59.

68
.
Report of the Executive Committee to the New York City Council of Political Reform on the Operations of the Dept. of Docks
(New York: n.p., 1875), p. 11; New York City Commissioner of Accounts,
The Pushcart Problem in New York City
(New York: n.p., 1917), pp. 3–4.

69
. Valachi, “The Real Thing,” p. 6-1 (JFK Library).

70
.
New York Times
, October 15, 1935, October 24, 1935, October 31, 1936, March 3, 1937; Thomas E. Dewey,
Twenty against the Underworld
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974), pp. 278–86.

71
. Nicholas Pileggi,
Wiseguy: Life in a Mafia Family
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987), pp. 48–49.

72
. State of New York,
Report of the Joint Legislative Committee on Taxicab Operation and Fares
(1936), p. 13; James V. Maresca,
My Flag Is Down: The Diary of a New York Taxi Driver
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1948), p. 146.

73
.
New York Times
, October 31, 1959.

74
. Letter from M. J. Cashall to D. J. Tobin, March 29, 1934, in Box 20, Records of the Int'l Brotherhood of Teamsters, 1904–52 (WHS); David Witwer,
Corruption and Reform in the Teamsters Union
(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003), pp. 114, 264 n. 38.

75
. New York State Food Investigating Commission,
Report of the Committee on Terminals and Transportation
(New York: n.p., 1913), p. 29.

76
. State of New York,
Report of the Attorney General in the Matter of the Milk Investigation
(Albany, NY: n.p., 1910), p. 12;
New York Times
, February 6, 1930, March 29, 1930, September 6, 1930, and March 3, 1940.

77
. Block,
Max the Butcher
, pp. 79, 94–95.

78
.
Investigation of Improper Activities
, pp. 11517–46 (1958);
New York Times
, June 25, 1996.

79
. United States Department of Agriculture,
Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Markets
, p. 6; Charles E. Artman,
Food Costs and City Consumers
(New York: n.p., 1926), p. 15.

80
. Dash,
First Family
, pp. 150, 245–62.

81
. Report on Rackets, October 29, 1937, in Box 134 of La Guardia Papers (NYMA);
New York Times
, May 14, 1937.

CHAPTER 2: PROHIBITION AND THE RISE OF THE SICILIANS

1
. This conversation is verbatim from the testimonies of police detectives Giuseppe Caravetta and Emil Panevino in
People against Pietro Lagatutta and Giuseppe Masseria
, Case No. 1714 (N.Y. Ct. Spec. Sess. 1913), Microfilm 1714, Trial Transcripts of the County of New York, 1883–1927, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY (hereafter “JJC”). Thanks to David Critchley for pointing me toward these microfilms.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Ibid.; testimony of Giuseppe Masseria and Pietro Lagatutta in
People against Lagatutta and Masseria
(JJC).

4
. Richard Warner and Mike Tona discovered the birth certificate of Giuseppe Masseria, January 17, 1886, Utliziale dello Stato Civile del commune di Menfi, IT, cited in Richard N. Warner, “On the Trail of Giuseppe ‘Joe the Boss’ Masseria,”
Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement
(February 2011): 56–58;
New York Times
, April 16, 1931.

5
. Unless stated otherwise, in this book all dollar figures are cited in their original amounts and then converted to 2013 dollars using
http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
.

6
. Testimony of John Simpson and William Kinsler in
People against Lagatutta and Masseria
(JJC).

7
. Testimony of Masseria in
People against Lagatutta and Masseria
(JCC).

8
. Ibid.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Thomas Hunt, “Year-by-Year: Charlie Lucky's Life,”
Informer: History of American Crime and Law Enforcement
(April 2012): 35–61; United States Census Bureau,
1920 Federal Population Census
, Salvatore Lucania, Enumeration District No. 1, New York, NY.

11
. Report of Dr. Harry Freedran, Charles Luciano [undated], 1936, in Box 13, Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Department of Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (“UR”).