The Feminine Mystique (62 page)

guilt:

consumerist manipulation of, 250–51, 256, 261, 271

of failure in self-realization, 375

of working women, 197, 426

Gunther, Max, 532
n

gynecological health problems, 318–19, 320–21

Haener, Dorothy, 462

Hale, Nancy, 50

happiness:

consumerism as source of, 258

education levels vs., 397–98

of married vs. unmarried women, 14

Hart, Peter, 500

Hartmann, Heinz, 373

Harvard Graduate School of Education, 539
n

“Have a Good Time, Dear,” 31

Hedrick, Joan D., 505

Heide, Wilma, 467–68

help-wanted ads, sex-segregated, 467

Hernandez, Aileen, 462–63

heroines:

career women as, 29–33, 37, 48, 49, 518
n

housewives as, 33–41, 47–48, 54–56, 58–62

Higginson, Thomas, 93

high-school education, sex-directed curriculum in, 185–87

history, 506

of feminist movement, 81–108, 405, 518
n

toilet-paper theory of, 158

Hitler, Adolf, 107

Hokinson, Helen, 433

“Holiday,” 58–59

Holliday, Judy, 48

Hollywood Women's Political Committee, 502

home appliances:

marketing strategies of, 245–49, 255–56

time-saving advantages ascribed to, 286–87

home economics, 11, 178, 184–85

home sewing industry, 263–64

homosexuality, female, 328, 470

homosexuality, male, 322, 327–29

incidence of, 327

magazines geared to, 311

mother-son relationships and, 326, 328, 329

self-esteem vs., 331–32

youthfulness and, 327–28, 329

Horney, Karen, 373

housekeeping:

baking in, 249–51

as career, 284, 286

consumer culture associated with, 243–44

electrical appliances employed in, xvii, 245–49, 255–56, 286–87

equal responsibility in, 464, 495–97

escapist aspect of, 257

expertise in, 34, 253, 254, 256, 305

as female sphere, 41, 144–45, 246, 495

as fun, 252

intelligence requirements of, 303–5

labor-saving products in, xvii, 245–51, 256, 285, 286–87

low status of, 323

magazine humor on, 52–53

men's participation in, 42, 240, 283, 295, 300–301, 409–10, 495

psychology of cleaning methods in, 255–58

reduced need for, xvii, 302–3

servant labor in, 215, 216, 248, 301, 422

as source of pride, 61–62, 246, 257–58

in suburban homes, 289–93

time expenditure on, 282–92, 295–96, 301, 410–11, 412, 413, 423, 432, 528
n

as unpleasant chore, 246–48, 253, 256, 304–5, 411

housewife's syndrome, 351

housewives:

colonial, xv

community work undertaken by, 291–92, 417–18, 419, 422, 433, 528
n,
538
n

consumerist manipulation of, xiii, 243–76, 480

daily routines of, xv–xvi, 16–17, 20

dissatisfaction of, xiii, xiv, xv, xvii, 1, 6–24, 44, 54, 64, 71, 73, 135, 207–8, 236, 280–81, 288–89, 301, 317, 408–12, 415–16, 434, 517
n,
518
n

educated, 10–11, 12–13, 16–18, 148, 193, 431–51, 537
n
–38
n

family dominance of, 305, 323–24, 356

on farms, xvii

fatigue experienced by, 20, 296–99

feminine expertise of, 34–36, 144–45

in feminist literature, 84–86

functionalist justification of limitations on, 142, 149

health problems of, 8, 297–99, 318–19, 320–21, 351, 352

higher education programs geared to, 443, 446–50, 539
n

husbands' careers helped by, 177

individual identity development evaded by, 76–77, 205, 240–41

later years of, xviii, 207–9, 442, 460, 537
n
–39
n

male homosexual companions of, 322

political activism of, 452–53

political influence ascribed to domestic role of, 56–57

as popular culture heroines, 33–41, 47–48, 54–56, 58–62

prestige accorded to, 302, 303

prisoner psychology vs., 367–72

psychiatric treatment of, 6, 8, 279, 351, 361–62

psychological danger in role of, 366–67

self-negation required of, 144, 371, 375–406

stereotypical feminine fulfillment ascribed to, 1–2, 4–6, 8, 15–16, 35–39, 54–56, 173, 277–81

suburban, xiv–xvi, 289–93

teenage, 258–61

time expenditure of, 282–92, 295–96, 301, 528
n

urban, 290

Victorian, 118, 119

women writers vs., 52–53

workforce entry of, xiii–xiv, 208, 419–29, 460, 537
n
–39
n

working women resented by, 428–29

youthful images of, 37

see also
housekeeping

Howe, Julia Ward, 83, 98

Hull House, 103

hunger, 378–79

hysterectomies, 321

hysteria, 114

Ibsen, Henrik, 84–85

id, 199

identity, 67–80

adolescent development of, 78, 188–91, 335, 339

advertising images vs., 70–71

of boys, 188, 189, 191, 210, 348

conformity pressures vs., 72–74

developmental freedom vs. cultural conditioning of, 75–76, 240–41

early feminism and, 82–83

higher education in development of, 188–91, 201–6, 210–11, 441–42

inanimate objects as source of, 357, 359

life goals as expression of, 67–70

male model in search for, 77–79

mastery experiences and, 537
n

maternal models for, 71, 72, 73, 74, 108

occupational vs. sex-based, 189–91

prisoners' loss of, 367–68, 369

sexual capacity vs., 18–19, 400, 401, 535
n
–36
n

in work, 401–6, 418, 427, 537
n

“I Didn't Want to Tell You,” 40–41

illness:

of chronic fatigue, 20, 296–99

gynecological, 318–19, 320–21

psychological causality of, 129–30

Image of Man, The
(Mosse), 506

impotence, 529
n

incest, 104

income inequality, 216, 460, 490, 491, 502

independence:

children's development of, 235–38

intellectual growth vs., 203, 204, 206

women's loss of, reflected in popular culture, 39–44

individualism, 183, 390

career as expression of, 30–33, 143

industrialization, 536
n

infantile sexuality, 114, 115–16, 120

infantilization, 117–19, 149–50, 338, 347–48, 353, 362–63, 365

initiatory rites, 159–60

in-laws, 150

inner split, 370

innovation, 183

instincts, 158, 378–79, 519
n,
521
n

intelligence:

critical thinking and, 179, 181, 196, 198, 199

denigration of, 177, 178, 179–80, 200–202, 524
n

for performance of housekeeping tasks, 303–5

intimacy, 508

Italian culture, 353

It Changed My Life
(Friedan), xi

Jackson, Shirley, 52, 53

Jacob, Philip E., 209

James, William, 387, 405–6

James Jackson Putnam Children's Center, 358

Japan, women's activism in, 492

Jewish culture, 117, 122, 353, 424, 425

Johnson, Lyndon B., xviii, 463

Jones, Ernest, 115, 120, 121–22, 123–24, 519
n

Jung, Carl, 132, 136, 373

junior colleges, 186, 523
n

junior high school, 186–87

justice, sense of, 127

juvenile delinquency, 228–30, 341, 356–57

Kant, Immanuel, 185

Keiser, Sylvan, 535
n
–36
n

Kennedy administration, xviii

Kenyon, Dorothy, 471

Kerr, Jean, 52, 53

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche,
29

Kinsey, Alfred C., 19, 306, 310, 311

on age vs. orgasm incidence, 394–95, 399, 535
n,
541
n

on education level vs. sexual satisfaction, 221, 226–27, 330–31, 394–96, 397, 527
n,
541
n

on extramarital sex, 309, 314–15, 318, 325, 396

on homosexuality, 327, 329

quantitative approach of, 312–13

on sexual desire within marriage, 317–18

kitchen, as center of women's lives, 4, 269, 293

Klein, Viola, 528
n,
536
n,
540
n

knitting, 174

knowledge, human desire for, 380–81

Komarovsky, Mirra, 147–50

Korean war, American prisoners in, 341–42, 531
n
–32
n

Kubie, Lawrence, 536
n
–37
n

Kunin, Madeleine, xvii

Ladies' Home Journal,
29, 46

fictional heroines presented in, 30–31, 32–33, 37–39

housewife as heroine in, 33–34, 58, 59–62

political articles in, 45, 46

teen counseling in, 62–63

laundering, 256, 286–87

Lauter, Paul, 506

Lawrence, Dorothy Bell, 540
n

Lawrence, Margaret, 199–200

Lerner, Max, 209, 525
n,
528
n

lesbianism, 328, 470

Levy, David, 232, 233

Life,
54–55

life expectancy, 455, 507–8, 540
n

Lincoln, Abraham, 46, 79, 387

Lindsay, John V., 471

Lonely Crowd, The
(Riesman), 209, 528
n

Look,
13, 55–56

love:

parental emphasis on, 236–37

self-realization vs. capacity for, 382, 383, 389–92

sexual activity vs., 307, 308

vicarious living vs., 348–49

Lovshin, Leonard, 296–97

Lowell mill workers, 101

Luce, Clare Boothe, 26

Lucy Stoners, 107

Lundberg, Ferdinand, 35, 131–32

lung cancer, 504

Luther, Martin, 78

Lynes, Russell, 305

Lyon, Mary, 91, 95

Macbeth
(Shakespeare), 132

McCall's,
29, 52, 62, 475

advertisers' influence on, 273

on chronic fatigue, 299

circulation of, 27

fiction in, 40–41, 518
n

togetherness promoted by, 41, 42–44

typical editorial content of, 25–27

on women's dissatisfaction, 44

McCarthy, Eugene, 472

McCarthy era, 340

McGinley, Phyllis, 52

McGovern, George, 473

Mademoiselle,
196

ambition survey conducted by, 429–30

college guest editors at, 52

housewife heroine portrayed in, 58–59

magazines:

advertising vs. editorial content of, 273–75

fashion images in, 311, 508

for men, 311, 312

see also
women's magazines

Mailer, Norman, 218

Male and Female
(Mead), 35, 156–57, 163–64, 522
n

mammograms, 504

“Man Next to Me, The,” 59

“Man Who Acted Like a Husband, A,” 39–40

Markewich, May Elish, 537
n
–39
n

marriage:

childlike role of women in, 117–19, 149–50

college courses on, 137, 142–45, 180, 193–99, 444

college education vs., 2, 16, 18, 190, 192, 194

consumerist view of, 259–60

divorce and, 325, 397, 435, 495, 496

educational/professional achievement vs. happiness in, 397–98

engagement period before, 259

equality within, 495

female subservience in, 59, 60, 86, 121–22, 123, 173–74, 177, 424–25

feminist critiques of, 92–94

as goal of single women, 13–14, 190

happiness vs., 14, 397–98

identity development vs., 204, 206, 210–11, 335, 411

infidelity in, 307–9, 311, 314–15, 317, 318, 324, 325, 396

life-purpose decisions evaded in, 69, 76–77, 204, 206, 335, 362–63, 442–43

men's sense of frustration in, 54, 323–24

mixed, 195, 197

motherhood without, 531
n

property rights in, 90, 99, 100, 519
n

reform of, 475, 476

of same-sex partners, 498

sexual intercourse before, 197–98

sexual relationships within, 54, 307, 309, 315–16, 317–18, 323, 394–96, 399, 535
n

women's age at, 2, 3, 13, 42, 55, 187–88, 214, 335, 395, 399, 435, 524
n,
526
n

of working women, 54, 398, 426, 427–28

Marriage, Morals, and Sex in America
(Ditzion), 518
n

Marriage for Moderns
(Bowman), 142–45

Marshall, Thurgood, 28

Marx, Karl, 402

masculine protest, 141, 166

masculinity:

activity vs., 132, 133

cultural patterns of, 152, 153, 154–55

in educational curriculum, 183, 184

high dominance vs., 385

restrictive standards of, 465

see also
men

masculinity complex, 126, 127, 133–34, 200

Maslow, A. H., 373, 381, 382–92, 393, 396, 534
n

masochism, 400, 534
n

maternal psychoses, 351–52

maternity leave, 453, 465

May, Rollo, 373

Mayer, William, 531
n

Mead, Margaret, 35, 141, 151–69