The Feminine Mystique (61 page)

continuing education, 449–50, 460

Coontz, Stephanie, xii

corporate downsizing, 489, 490, 491, 493

Cottrell, Leonard S., 397

Countrywoman, Betty Ann, 53

creativity, 183

consumerist manipulation of, 249–50, 251–52, 263, 268–69

human desire for, 381, 416

reproductive vs. external expression of, 155–56, 161

work as means of, 403

critical thinking, 179, 181, 196, 198, 199

cultural anthropology,
see
anthropology

cultural relativity, 113–14, 519
n

culture, psychological adjustment to, 374

daily life:

enjoyment of, 388

future awareness vs., 376–77

housewives' routines in, 16–17, 20

Dalton, Mrs. Robert, 295, 296

Dalton, Robert, 295

Danish Folk-High-School movement, 447

dating, education on, 186–87

Davidoff, Ida Fisher, 537
n
–39
n

Davis, Caroline, 462

Davis, Kingsley, 150–51, 522
n

day-care facilities, 216, 290, 451, 465, 497, 540
n

death instinct, 519
n,
521
n

Debs, Eugene V., 387

Declaration of Independence (1776), 88

De Crow, Karen, 467–68

dehumanization process:

in childhood development, 347–48, 356–60

of prisoners vs. housewives, 367–72

Democratic National Convention (1968), 472

Democratic party, 473, 488, 500, 502, 540
n

denial, 479

department stores, 264–65

dependency:

fostering of, 149–50, 328, 353

marriage as fantasy of, 362–63

depression, economic, 212, 217

depression, psychological, 14, 279

childbirth-related, 320, 321, 350, 351–52, 529
n
–30
n

desegregation, 27, 28, 209, 433

determinism, scientific, 115

Deutsch, Helene, 132–33, 399–400

diets, 302

dilettantism, 418, 421

Ditzion, Sidney, 518
n

divorce:

men's motivation for, 325

rates of, 397, 435, 495, 496

Dolce Vita, La,
313–14

Dole, Bob, 500

Dole, Elizabeth, 499

Doll's House, A
(Ibsen), 84–85, 117

dominance:

within family unit, 305, 323–24, 356

as self-esteem, 382–87

downsizing, corporate, 489, 490, 491, 493

dreams, 386–87

“Dream to Share, A,” 30

drug usage, 318

eating behavior, 116, 299

Educating Our Daughters
(White), 527
n

education, 431–51

aging vs., 540
n
–41
n

birth rates vs., 214

continuing, 449–50, 460

domestic commitments accommodated in, 443, 446–50, 539
n

at high-school level, 185–87

legislative ban against sex discrimination in, 487

marital contentment vs., 397–98

masculinization effect ascribed to, 35, 431

of older students, 434, 436–39, 443, 457, 460

racial segregation in, 27, 28, 209, 433

self-realization aided by, 432–35, 437, 445

sexual satisfaction vs., 221, 226–27, 330–31, 394–96, 397, 527
n,
541
n

societal devaluation of, 66

as source of dissatisfaction, 10–11, 12–13, 16–18, 54, 75, 148, 160, 193, 370, 431, 432

women's access to, 86, 87, 91–92, 94, 95, 98, 102, 440

see also
college education

ego, 115, 128–29, 199, 521
n

fragility of, 343, 358

in love relationship, 390

mastery experiences and, 537
n

sexual pleasure vs., 382–83, 386–87, 400, 535
n
–36
n

Einstein, Albert, 294, 387

Eisenhower, Mamie, 44

elections:

of 1968, 471–72

of 1972, 472–73

of 1996, 488, 500–501

electrical appliances,
see
home appliances

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 98

employment:

community voluntarism vs., 417–18

in factory jobs, 101, 103–4, 217

family-friendly policies of, 497–98

professional commitment to, 418–27, 453–54

of real value, 418, 537
n

satisfaction derived from, 300, 416

self-realization through, 401–6, 427–30, 537
n

in service sector, 490

shorter hours of, 286, 491–92

unskilled, 192, 526
n

see also
careers; career women; working women

employment, sex-based discrimination in, 452

in airline industry, 466

in help-wanted advertisements, xii, 467

legislative remedies against, xviii, 461–62, 463, 467, 487

male competition and, 216–17

in top positions, 473, 490

wage discrepancies and, 216, 460, 490

emptiness, sense of, 219, 349, 354, 366, 400, 408, 409

Enghausen, Maurice K., 295–96

England, feminist movement in, 87, 103, 105–6, 141–42

enjoyment, sense of, 388, 389

Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, 467

Equal Rights Amendment, 467, 472, 473, 475, 479

Erikson, Erik H., 78, 403, 522
n,
537
n

Ernestine L. Rose and the Battle for Human Rights
(Suhl), 519
n

Esquire,
499, 530
n

exceptions, 198

executive training, 447

existentialists, 373, 375, 378

extramarital relationships, 307–9, 311, 314–15, 317, 318, 324, 325, 396

Exurbanites, The
(Spectorsky), 315

factory workers, 101, 103–4, 217

family life:

community responsibility vs., 291, 388, 435–36

education on, 137, 140, 142–45, 180, 182, 184, 193–99, 444

housewives' dominance within, 305, 323–24, 356

privacy needs within, 267, 293

religious influence on, 424–25

of single parents, 497, 498

family size, 55, 214, 297

family values, 498–99, 508

consumerist exploitation of, 262–63

fantasy, 343, 386–87

Farnham, Marynia, 35, 131–32

fashion:

asexual photographic models in, 311, 508

conformist pressures in, 263–64

men's interest in, 508

fatigue:

chronic, 20, 296–99

prisoners' experience of, 368

Faulkner, William, 46, 50

feminine mystique:

anthropological justification of, 160–62, 168

consumerist perpetuation of, 270–76

defined, xxii, 35–36, 486

destructive maternal symbiosis built into, 347–48

educational goals affected by, 179, 181

Freudian empowerment of, 110–11, 137–38

individual identity subsumed by, 70, 77

personal growth inhibited by, 77, 347, 349–50, 393–94

in Southern culture, 326, 353

Feminine Mystique, The
(Friedan):

female groups and issues overlooked in, xii, xix

hostile reactions to, xi, xvii, 459

influence of, xi–xii, xviii, 477–78, 479–82

feminine protest, 141, 151, 166, 182

femininity:

clothing style as evidence of, 182

cultural patterns of, 152, 153, 154–55

domestic roles as fulfillment of, 1–2, 4–6, 8, 15–16, 35–39, 51, 320, 382

high-dominance women and, 384, 385, 386

intellectual development vs., 203

as mysterious and intuitive, 36

passivity ascribed to, 36, 54, 61–62, 81, 131, 132–33, 156, 241, 335, 343, 365, 366, 387, 391, 393–94, 399–400

scientific disciplines and, 4, 141, 178, 184

feminist movement, xviii, 459, 461–75

backlash against, 474–75, 489

denigration of, 55, 81, 83, 88–90, 92, 95–96, 100, 104–5, 107, 141–42

diversion of energy of, 242

in England, 87, 103, 105–6, 141–42

Freud's opposition to, 108–9, 119–20

history of, 81–108, 405, 518
n

hostility toward men developed within, 468–70

literary portrayal of, 84–85

male support of, 463, 464

militant tactics of, 103, 104, 105–6, 467

motivation of, 285–86

1970 equality march of, xix, 470–71

penis envy vs., 131–32

religious critiques of, 89, 90

sexual fulfillment and, 88, 394–95, 397, 518
n

social class and, 101, 466

student movement vs., 468, 469

worldwide growth of, 474

femme couverte, 94

fiction:

explicit sex scenes in, 311–12, 314

heroine personae of, 29–33, 37–41, 49, 50–51, 58–62, 518
n

“Findings in a Case of Schizophrenic Depression” (Minkowski), 533
n

First Women's Bank & Trust Company, 474

flappers, 112

flexibility, 508

Flexner, Eleanor, 518
n

Fliess, Wilhelm, 520
n

foot binding, 108

Ford Foundation, 447

Foster, Abby Kelley, 93–94

France:

family-supportive policy of, 497

women's education in, 523
n

working women in, 536
n
–37
n

Franco, Francisco, 107

freedom, 87–88, 95, 339, 340

Freedom Riders, 103

Freud, Anna, 117

Freud, Martha Bernays, 117–19, 120–23, 124

Freud, Sigmund, 110–38, 402, 478

biological vs. cultural theories of, 113–14, 128, 519
n

childhood of, 115, 117, 120

female emancipation opposed by, 108–9, 119–20

on homosexuality, 328

instinct theory of, 158, 519
n,
521
n

male friendships of, 121, 124, 520
n

marital relationship of, 117–19, 120–23, 124

puritanical aspects of, 120, 121, 124, 520
n

as scientific authority, 111, 113–14, 136

on women's passivity, 210, 343, 387, 393, 399–400

Freudian theory, 180, 199

anatomy as destiny in, 12, 133, 151, 154

anthropology influenced by, 140, 154, 156–58, 160, 165, 522
n

on childhood sexual stages, 114, 115–16, 125–27

death instinct in, 519
n,
521
n

feminine mystique empowered by, 110–11, 137–38

modern American followers of, 130–37

penis envy in, 112–13, 115, 124–27, 128, 129, 130–35, 534
n

popularization of, 220

postwar privatism and, 218, 219

sexual causality as preeminent in, 24, 114–16, 156

Victorian cultural context of, 112, 113, 114, 117, 125, 130–31, 140

Friedan, Betty:

career of, xvi, 67–68, 475–76, 486–87

cultural influence of, xi–xii, xiv, 477–80

education of, xiii, xvi, 67–68, 457

feminist activism of, xviii–xix, 459, 461–75, 478–79, 492

life-purpose quandaries of, 67–69, 459

marriage of, 68, 459, 475

motherhood of, 7, 68, 457, 459, 475

as public figure, 458–59, 478, 481

suburban life of, xvi–xvii, 7, 66, 68, 458–59, 486

Fromm, Erich, 332, 373

From the South Seas
(Mead), 523
n

frontier life, 64, 96, 403–4, 536
n

frozen foods, 251

Fuller, Margaret, 83, 84, 93–94, 98

functionalism, 137, 140–51, 522
n

adjustment to status quo cultivated by, 147–50, 163

defined, 140

educational curricula affected by, 180–81, 193–98, 199–200

feminine protest embedded in, 140–41, 151

flaws in, 145, 147, 150–51, 197–98

on sex-role segregation, 144–50

fur industry, marketing strategies of, 261–62

future:

human capacity for appreciation of, 376–77, 533
n
–34
n

women's vision of, 67–70

Gandhi, Mohandas, 103, 106

genital mutilation, 493

genius, 34

GI bill, 213, 446

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 479

girls:

in Bali, 159, 162

conformity pressures on, 72–74

as consumerist targets, 258–62, 274–75

feminine stereotypes promoted for, 3

functionalist analysis of development of, 148–50

identity development centered on sex-role of, 188–91

intellectual limitations on, 202

jobs of, 4

life-adjustment education of, 186–87

mothers as role models of, 71, 72, 73, 74, 106, 107, 108, 206, 444–45

penis envy ascribed to, 125–27

personality absorption in rearing of, 237, 238

sexual activity of, 329–31, 338–39, 341, 346, 360, 361

see also
adolescence; child care; children

glamour, 3, 62, 145, 146, 391

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 387

Goldstein, Kurt, 373, 376

Good Housekeeping,
29, 518
n

Gordon, Katherine K., 351–52, 532
n

Gordon, Richard E., 351–52, 353, 532
n

Grable, Betty, 213

graduate studies, 435, 522
n,
523
n,
539
n

Green, Arnold, 233–37

Grimké, Angelina, 83, 93–95

group therapy, 196

growth:

neurotic evasion of, 348–50, 351, 361, 365, 381, 418

pain of, 381–82, 428–29

risks entailed in, 427