The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer (113 page)

human genome,
451

cancer as inseparable from,
462

Human Genome Project,
450

human papillomavirus (HPV),
349
n
, 381
n

humors, theory of,
48
–50,
52
,
79
,
214
,
463

Hungerford, David,
365

Hunter, David,
457

Hunter, John,
55
–56,
58
,
463

Hunting of the Snark
(Carroll),
357
,
360
,
362

hydraulics,
48

hyperplasia,
15
,
28
–29,
140
,
204

hyperplasia, pathological,
6
,
15
–16,
38
–39,
47
–48,
136
,
140
–41,
340
,
348
,
351
,
355
,
357
–59,
369
,
372
,
376
,
387
,
391
,
405
–6,
458
–59

as halted by nitrogen mustard,
163
,
406

as impeded by X-rays,
75

as induced by oncogenes,
357
–59,
372
,
431

as interrupted by antifolates,
406

as vulnerability,
405
–6

see also
neoplasia

hypertrophy,
15

IDAV (immuno-deficiency associated viruses),
see
HIV

Illness as Metaphor
(Sontag),
37
–38,
316
,
449

imatinib,
see
Gleevec

Imhotep,
40
–41,
42
,
55
,
463

immune system:

AIDS and,
315
–19

as compromised by chemotherapy,
165
,
315

Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI),
216

India, cigarette consumption in,
273
–74

infection:

as risk of surgery,
56
–57

viral protein as sign of,
280

white blood cells in response to,
13
,
16

infectious diseases:

causality and,
254

vectors for,
245

inflammation, as carcinogenic,
281
,
284
,
303
,
340
,
388
,
456
n

influenza,
46
–47,
351

1918 pandemic of,
110

“In Memoriam, July
19
, 1914” (Akhmatova),
461

Institute for Cancer Research,
279

Institut Pasteur,
318

insulin,
414
,
415

insurance providers, experimental therapy coverage denied by,
321
–25

Internet, patient chat rooms on,
438
,
467

Invisible Cities
(Calvino),
412

involved field radiation,
160

iron deficiency,
27
–28

iron lungs,
94
,
466

Istituto Tumori,
220

Jacob, François,
345

Javits, Jacob,
185

Jencks, Maggie Keswick,
328
–29,
450

Jenner, Edward,
343

Jensen, Earl,
374

Jensen, Elwood,
215
,
216
,
217

Jimmy Fund,
96
–99,
102
,
108
,
171
–72,
190
,
395

Jimmy’s Clinic,
96
,
99
–100,
102
–4,
124
–25,
172
,
397

deaths at,
125
–26

Farber at,
125
–26,
153
,
189
–90

John Harvey
, 89

John of Arderne,
49

Johns Hopkins Hospital,
63
,
65
,
450

Jordan, V. Craig,
217

Journal of the American Medical Association
,
246

Kafka, Franz,
105

Kantarjian, Hagop,
438
,
440

Kaplan, Henry,
158
–61,
163
,
166
,
184
,
222

Kaposi’s sarcoma,
315
–17,
318

karkinos
,
47
–48,
463

Keats, John,
38

Keefer, Chester,
129

Kennedy, Edward,
179
,
185

Kennedy, John F.,
259
–60

Kennedy/Javits bill (Conquest of Cancer Act),
185
–86,
187

Kettlewell, Henry B. D.,
248
n

Keynes, Geoffrey,
193
,
195
–98,
199

kidney cancer,
71
,
123
–24

Kiltie, Harriet,
31
,
33

kinase inhibitors,
432
–34,
435
,
442
–43

kinases,
358
–59,
361
,
368
,
431
–32,
467
–68

as “druggable,”
432

Klausner, Richard,
332
,
465
–66

Knudson, Alfred,
366
–69,
376
,
377
,
380

Koch, Robert,
84
,
254
,
255
,
382

Kohler, George,
417

Korean War,
135
–36

Kornberg, Arthur,
349

Kornegay, Horace,
270

Korsmeyer, Stan,
387

Koster, Bill,
95
–96,
97
,
99
,
102

Kramer, Larry,
318
–19

Krumbhaar, Edward and Helen,
88
,
90

Kushner, Rose,
114
,
193
,
200
,
209
,
405

L-1210 leukemia,
140
–41

LaCombe, Michael,
128

Lancet
, 301,
315
,
316

Landers, Ann (Eppie Lederer),
185
–86

L&M cigarettes,
268

Landsteiner, Karl,
342

Lasker, Albert,
110
–11

on ACS board,
112

as advertising genius,
109

colon cancer of,
116
–17

Lasker, Mary Woodard,
375
n
,
393

ACS and,
112
–13

background of,
108
–9

campaign to raise public awareness of cancer,
112
–13

death of,
403

as evangelist for medical research,
110
–11

Farber and,
114
–15,
116
,
122
,
171
,
172
,
177
,
190

fund-raising by,
117

and husband’s cancer,
117

as socialite,
108
,
111
,
117

in War on Cancer,
113
–14,
117
–18,
122
,
155
,
177
–78,
179
,
183
–86,
188
–89,
191
,
234
,
296
,
402
,
403

Laskerites,
105
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
155
,
177
,
178
,
179
,
183
,
185
,
188
,
189
,
234
,
253
,
318
,
375

Lasker Prize,
188

Laszlo, John,
21

Lauder, Leonard,
102

Lawrence, D. H.,
364

Leakey, Louis,
43

Leder, Philip,
382
–83,
384

Lederle Labs,
31
,
33

Lee, Philip,
186

Lee, Rose,
75
–76

LeMaistre, Charles,
260

Leopold Cassella Company,
85

Lerner, Max,
398

Let Me Down Easy
(Smith),
305

leukemia,
3
,
260
,
337
,
375
,
439
,
451

acute myeloid (AML),
16
–17

acute promyelocytic (APL),
407
–10

in adults,
17
,
306

antifolates and,
29
,
31
,
33
,
35
,
87
,
91
,
92
,
95
,
96
,
100
,
101
,
103
,
114
,
121
,
136
,
162

bone marrow transplants for,
309

brain as “sanctuary” for,
127
,
146
–47,
442

“cancer stem cells” and,
458
–59

chemotherapy for,
19
–20,
21
,
27
,
29
–30,
31
,
33
–36,
92
,
100
,
101
,
103
–4,
122
,
132
–34,
135
,
140
–42,
167
–70,
308
,
339
,
401
,
443
;
see also specific regimens

in children,
7
,
12
,
17
,
19
,
32
–36,
92
,
96
,
101
,
103
–4,
123
,
133
,
139
,
163
,
166
,
170
,
179
,
231
,
232
,
401

chronic myeloid (myelogenous),
see
chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia

chronic vs. acute,
16

discovery of,
12
–14

Farber’s research on,
19
–20,
21
,
27
,
29
–30,
31
,
33
–36,
95
,
100
,
101
,
114
,
121
,
122
–23,
130
,
132
,
136
,
158
,
309
,
338
,
433
,
439

folic acid and,
29

L-1210,
140
–41

Marie Curie’s death from,
78
,
347

as measurable,
19

multiplicity of symptoms in,
13

naming of,
14

as outcome of chemotherapy for other cancers,
165
,
306
,
312

radiation therapy for,
168
–70

relapses of,
35
,
91
,
132
,
133
,
147
,
165
,
166
,
170
,
442

remissions of,
34
,
35
,
101
,
127
,
133
,
145
–46,
179
,
190

research consortium for,
130
–31,
133
,
144

vincristine and,
139
–40

see also
acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Levi, Primo,
394

Levinson, Art,
358
n
,
418
,
427

Levittown,
22
–23

Li, Min Chiu,
135
–36,
139
,
168
,
219

Life
,
24
,
175

life expectancy, in U.S.,
22
,
45

Li-Fraumeni syndrome,
381

Liggett,
269
–71

Lindskog, Gustaf,
90

linear accelerators,
158
–59

Lister, Joseph,
57
–58,
62

Little, Clarence Cook,
111
,
112
,
113
,
253
–54,
255
,
263

liver cancer,
280
,
290
,
340

Lives of a Cell, The
(Thomas),
430

Lockhart-Mummery, John,
286

London, Jack,
218

London School of Tropical Medicine,
245

Longoria, Ethel,
136

Lord and Thomas,
109

Lorde, Audre,
227

Lorillard Tobacco Company,
269
–71,
273

Los Angeles Times
, 73

Love Story
, 181

lumpectomies,
194
–95,
464

lung cancer,
45
,
158
,
388
–90,
450
,
451

chemotherapy for,
162
,
308
–9,
389
,
403
–4,
443

increased rate of,
231

mesothelioma,
276
–77

metastasis of,
208
,
256
,
267
,
269
,
307
,
389
–90,
403

morbidity rates of,
243
,
331

mortality rates of,
331
,
401

premalignant stage of,
385

radiation therapy for,
158
,
403

smoking and,
see
tobacco-cancer link