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(top left to bottom): The New York Academy of Medicine; Public Domain; Public Domain.
Page 2
: The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (three images).
Page 3
: Photo from Laboratoire Curie, Institut de Physique Nucléaire; courtesy of AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives; © Keystone/Getty Images;
Boston Herald
.
Page 4
: Courtesy of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation; the Jimmy Fund; Courtesy of the Brearley Collection.
Page 5
: National Cancer Institute/Public Domain; National Cancer Institute/Public Domain; National Library of Medicine/Public Domain.
Page 6
: Courtesy of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation/Public Domain; 1971 Herblock cartoon © by the Herb Block Foundation; © Hugo Villalobos/AFP/Newscom.com.
Page 7
: © Roger Viollet/The Image Works; Corbis (two images); Associated Press.
Page 8
: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives; © and courtesy of Dr. Robert A. Weinberg, Whitehead Institute; © Bert Vogelstein. Reprinted with permission from
Science
318, no. 5853 (2007): 1108–1113, “The Genomic Landscapes of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers,” © AAAS; Dean Bradfield.

Page xv
: Swimming Crab illustration © 19th era 2/Alamy

Abbott, Edward,
56

abl
gene,
431
,
433

ABMTs,
see
bone marrow transplants, autologous

ABO regimen,
204

abortion,
199

Achilles,
405

Actinomyces
, 122

actinomycin D,
122
–23,
162
–63

ACT UP,
318
–19,
322
,
424

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),
3
,
7
,
34
,
93
,
164
,
166
,
228
,
452

brain as “sanctuary” for,
127
,
442

cure rate for,
7
,
12
,
104
,
170
,
171
,
228
,
231
,
232
,
401

remissions of,
127
,
190
,
338
–39,
400
,
448
–49

research consortium for,
130
–31,
133
,
144

6-MP and,
92
,
338

acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL),
407
–10

Adams, Jim,
113

adenoma,
385

Adriamycin,
127
,
206
,
427
–28

affluent society,
23

Africa, sub-Saharan,
175

age, cancer as related to,
6
,
44
,
230
,
300
–303

age-adjusting, of mortality rates,
230
–31,
232
–33,
330

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome),
182

as metaphor for social and political ills,
316

naming of,
14

1980s epidemic of,
165
,
315
–19

oncologists and,
316
–17

stigmatization of,
316

see also
HIV

AIDS activists:

access to experimental therapies demanded by,
319
,
322
,
424

public campaign of,
318
–19

Akhmatova, Anna,
461

ALGB,
130
–31,
133
,
144

alizarin,
82

ALL,
see
acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Allen, Woody,
384

Allgemeines Krankenhaus,
58
–59,
62

All’s Well That Ends Well
(Shakespeare),
191

Alsop, Stewart,
202
–3,
206

American Association for Cancer Research,
24
–25

American Cancer Society (ACS),
111
–12,
172
,
180
,
259
,
266
,
296

American Cyanamid Corporation,
31

American Heart Association,
259

American Lung Association,
266

American Medical Association,
110
,
251

American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC),
111
,
112
,
253
,
254

see also
American Cancer Society

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO),
326
–27,
427
–29

American Surgical Association,
67
–68,
78

Ames, Bruce,
277
–78,
455
–56

Ames test,
278
,
303
,
455
–56

amethopterin,
143

see also
VAMP regimen

aminopterin,
12
,
33
,
35
,
36
,
95
,
96
,
101
,
121
,
162
,
220
,
406
,
433

aminotriazole,
457

anatomy:

cancer’s distortion of,
59

Halsted’s study of,
61

Vesalius’s study of,
51
–53

Anatomy of Melancholy, The
(Burton),
335

Andersson, Ingvar,
300

anemia,
27
–29,
30
,
31
,
88
,
203

folic acid and,
31

anesthesia,
56
,
58
,
62
–63

angiogenesis,
387
,
388
,
389
,
391
,
407
,
443
,
458

aniline,
81
–82,
84
,
87
,
340
,
432

antagonists,
31
,
36

antibiotics,
21
–22,
122

development of,
131
,
229

resistance to,
132

antibodies,
84
,
410
–11

for
Her-2
,
416
–22

humanizing of,
418
–19

antiemetics,
205
–6

antiestrogen,
216

antifolates,
29
,
31
,
33
,
34
,
35
,
87
,
91
,
92
,
95
,
96
,
100
,
103
,
114
,
121
,
136
,
162
,
406

antimalaria drugs,
130

antinausea drugs,
226

anti-oncogenes,
see
tumor suppressor genes

antisepsis,
57
–58

antitobacco campaigns,
401
,
446

Antman, Karen,
426

Apollo space program,
178
–79,
186

Archaemedes,
48

asbestos,
276
–77,
278
,
388
,
390
,
456

Asclepius,
40

asparaginase,
127

associations, as characteristic of American culture,
107
–8

Atacama Desert, mummies of,
42
–43,
45

Atlantic Monthly
, 264

atomic bomb,
119

Atossa, Queen of Persia,
5
,
41
–42

thought experiment involving,
463
–65,
467

ATP,
31

Au
antigen,
279
–80

Auden, W. H.,
448

Auerbach, Oscar,
258
–59,
284
,
286
,
289
,
384
–85,
386

Aufderheide, Arthur,
42
–44,
45

Australian aborigines,
279

autopsy, meaning of word,
53

Avastin,
443

Avedon, Richard,
303

Avery, Oswald,
344
–45

bacteria,
163
,
346

as carcinogens,
281
–84,
303

as cause of infection,
57

lateral transmission of genes in,
344

mutations of,
277
–78,
455

as research subjects,
20
,
204
,
277
–78,
349
,
455

Bailar, John,
229
,
230
–34,
329
–32

Baillie, Matthew,
53
–54

Bainbridge, William,
32

Baltimore, David,
353
,
354
,
371
,
431

Bang the Drum Slowly
,
181

Bannister, Roger,
439

Banzhaf, John,
265
–66,
401

Barbacid, Mariano,
374
,
376

Bari, Italy,
89
–90

Barnes Hospital,
72
,
256
–57

Bayer,
87

Bayne-Jones, Stanhope,
260

Bazell, Robert,
429

Bcr-abl
oncogene,
431
,
433
–34,
435
,
467
–68

Gleevec-resistant,
442

Bcr
gene,
431

Beadle, George,
345

Beatson, George,
214
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
456
,
466

Becquerel, Henri,
73
–74

Bellevue Hospital,
61
–62

Belloc, Hilaire,
11

Bennett, John,
12
–13,
14
,
16
,
44
,
341
,
365
,
430
,
431
,
466

benzene compounds,
278

Beowulf
,
363

Berne, Germaine,
467
–70

Berry, Donald,
301
,
320
,
402

Bertipaglia, Leonard,
49

Beth Israel hospital,
313
,
321

Bezwoda, Werner,
321
,
323
–24,
326
–28

Biermer, Michael Anton,
17

biliary cancer,
381

Billroth, Theodor,
58
–59,
62
,
67

Bishop, J. Michael,
352
,
359
–63,
364
,
365
,
369
,
370
,
371
,
375
,
380
,
418

black bile,
48
–50,
53
,
79
,
214

black fever,
245

bladder cancer,
71

Blake, William,
237

blasts,
3
,
17
,
34
,
35

Blatnik, John,
263

bleomycin,
205
,
206

blood:

hematopoietic stem cells and,
458

in theory of humors,
48
,
53

umbilical,
398
–99

see also
red blood cells; white blood cells

blood antigens,
279
–80

blood-brain barrier,
147
,
167

Bloodgood, Joseph,
65

blood tests,
2
,
3
,
7

blood transfusions,
196
,
280

Blumberg, Baruch,
278
–81

Bobst, Elmer,
172
,
185

Bologna, Italy,
434
–35