The Dog Cancer Survival Guide (129 page)

Alpha-Tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. Albanes D, et.al.
J Natl Cancer Inst
. 1996 Nov 6;88(21):1560-70.

Incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation: a postintervention followup. Virtamo J, et. al. Taylor PR, Albert P;
ATBC Study Group. JAMA
. 2003 Jul 23;290(4):476-85.

Beta-carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Druesne-Pecollo N, et. al.
Int J Cancer.
2010 Jul 1;127(1):172- 84. Review.

Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Bjelakovic G, et. al.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2008 Apr 16;(2):CD007176. Review.

Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta- analysis. Bjelakovic G, et. al.
JAMA
. 2007 Feb 28;297(8):842- 57. Review. Erratum in:
JAMA
. 2008 Feb 20;299(7):765-6.

Anti- and pro-oxidative effects of flavonoids on metal-induced lipid hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes loaded with alpha-linolenic acid. Sugihara N, et. al.
Free Radic Biol Med.
1999 Dec;27(11-12):1313-23.

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stressinduced cancer. Valko M, et al.
Chem Biol Interact.
2006 Mar 10;160(1):1-40. Epub 2006 Jan 23. Review.

Chemopreventive agents induce oxidative stress in cancer cells leading to COX-2 overexpression and COX-2-independent cell death. Sun Y, Chen J, Rigas B.
Carcinogenesis.
2009 January; 30(1): 93–100.

Breast cancer cell-targeted oxidative stress: enhancement of cancer cell uptake of conjugated linoleic acid, activation of p53, and inhibition of proliferation. Albright CD, et al.
Exp Mol Pathol.
2005 Oct;79(2):118-25.

Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach? Trachootham D, Alexandre J, Huang P.
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8
, 579-591 (July 2009)

Apigenin

Antigenotoxic effect of apigenin against anti-cancerous drugs. Siddique YH, Beg T, Afzal M.
Toxicol In Vitro
. 2008 Apr;22(3):625-31.

5-Fluorouracil combined with apigenin enhances anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells. Choi EJ and Kim GH.
Oncol Rep
. 2009 Dec;22(6):1533-7.

The flavonoid apigenin potentiates the growth inhibitory effects of gemcitabine and abrogates gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. Strouch MJ, et al.
Pancreas
. 2009 May;38(4):409-15.

Enhanced anti-tumor effect of combination therapy with gemcitabine and apigenin in pancreatic cancer. Lee SH, et al
. Cancer Lett
. 2008 Jan 18;259(1):39-49.

Flavonoids apigenin and quercetin inhibit melanoma growth and metastatic potential. Caltagirone S, et al.
Int J Cancer.
2000 Aug 15;87(4):595-600.

Flavonoids Are Inhibitors of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2)-Mediated Transport. Zhang S, Yang X, Morris ME.
Molecular Pharmacology
May 2004 vol. 65 no. 5 1208-1216

The chemopreventive flavonoid apigenin confers radiosensitizing effect in human tumor cells grown as monolayers and spheroids. Watanabe N, Hirayama R, Kubota N.
J Radiat Res (Tokyo).
2007 Jan;48(1):45-50.

Molecular targets for apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell xenograft. Shukla S and Gupta S.
Mol Cancer Ther.
2006 Apr;5(4):843-52.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of apigenin in female and male rats after a single oral administration. Gradolatto A, et al.
Drug Metab Dispos
. 2005 Jan;33(1):49-54.

Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 by apigenin leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis of 22Rv1 xenograft in athymic nude mice. Shukla S, et al.
FASEB J.
2005 Dec;19(14):2042-4.

Dietary apigenin suppresses IgE and inflammatory cytokines production in C57BL/6N mice. Yano S, et al.
J Agric Food Chem.
2006 Jul 12;54(14):5203-7.

Apigenin and luteolin modulate microglial activation via inhibition of STAT1-induced CD40 expression. Rezai-Zadeh K, et al.
J Neuroinflammation.
2008; 5: 41.

Bioavailability of apigenin from apiin-rich parsley in humans. Meyer H, et al.
Ann Nutr Metab
. 2006;50(3):167-72.

Inhibition of proteasome activity by the dietary flavonoid apigenin is associated with growth inhibition in cultured breast cancer cells and xenografts. Chen D, et al.
Breast Cancer Res
. 2007; 9(6): R80.

Dietary flavonoids as proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in human leukemia cells. Chen D, et al.
Biochem Pharmacol
. 2005 May 15;69(10):1421-32.

Apigenin drives the production of reactive oxygen species and initiates a mitochondrial mediated cell death pathway in prostate epithelial cells. Morrissey C, et al.
Prostate
. 2005 May 1;63(2):131-42.

Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation. Shukla S and Gupta S.
Free Radic Biol Med.
2008 May 15;44(10):1833-45.

Induction of caspase-dependent, p53-mediated apoptosis by apigenin in human neuroblastoma. Torkin R, et al.
Mol Cancer Ther
. 2005 Jan;4(1):1-11.

Individual and interactive effects of apigenin analogs on G2/M cell-cycle arrest in human colon carcinoma cell lines. Wang W, et al.
Nutr Cancer
. 2004;48(1):106-14.

Induction of caspase-dependent, p53-mediated apoptosis by apigenin in human neuroblastoma. Torkin R, et al.
Mol Cancer
Ther. 2005 Jan;4(1):1-11.

Apigenin induced apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway in human cervical carcinoma cells. Zheng PW, Chiang LC, Lin CC.
Life Sci
. 2005 Feb 4;76(12):1367-79.

Suppression of constitutive and tumor necrosis factor alphainduced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and induction of apoptosis by apigenin in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells: correlation with down-regulation of NF-kappaBresponsive genes. Shukla S and Gupta S.
Clin Cancer Res.
2004 May 1;10(9):3169-78.

Cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and growth inhibition by apigenin in human colon carcinoma cell lines. Wang W, et al.
Mol Carcinog
. 2000 Jun;28(2):102-10.

Suppression of constitutive and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and induction of apoptosis by apigenin in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells: correlation with down-regulation of NF-kappaBresponsive genes. Shukla S and Gupta S.
Clin Cancer Res.
2004 May 1;10(9):3169-78.

Unbalanced activation of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2 in apigenininduced HeLa cell death. Llorens F, et al.
Exp Cell Res
. 2004 Sep 10;299(1):15-26.

Flavonoids as DNA topoisomerase antagonists and poisons: structure-activity relationships. Constantinou A, et al.
J Nat Prod
. 1995 Feb;58(2):217-25.

Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B, Bax and Bcl-2 in induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by apigenin in human prostate carcinoma cells. Gupta S, Afaq F, Mukhtar H.
Oncogene
. 2002 May 23;21(23):3727-38.

Induction of cancer cell apoptosis by flavonoids is associated with their ability to inhibit fatty acid synthase activity. Brusselmans K, et al.
J Biol Chem
. 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5636-45.

Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells. Wang IK, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK.
Eur J Cancer.
1999 Oct;35(10):1517-25.

Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse macrophages. Liang YC, et al.
Carcinogenesis
. 1999 Oct;20(10):1945-52.

Possible controversy over dietary polyphenols: benefits vs risks. Lambert JD, Sang S, Yang CS.
Chem Res Toxicol.
2007 Apr;20(4):583-5.

Apoptosis

The hallmarks of cancer. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA.
Cell
. 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70. Review.

Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR,
British Journal of Cancer
1972, 26:239-257

Therapeutic targeting of death pathways in cancer: mechanisms for activating cell death in cancer cells. Tan TT and White E.
Adv Exp Med Biol.
2008;615:81-104.

Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapy. Fulda S and Debatin KM.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets
. 2004 Nov;4(7):569-76.

“Falling leaves”: a survey of the history of apoptosis. Formigli L, Conti A, Lippi D.
Minerva Med
. 2004 Apr;95(2):159-64.

Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Majno G and Joris I.
Am J Pathol.
1995 Jan;146(1):3-15.

Apoptosis signaling in tumor therapy. Fulda S and Debatin KM.
Ann N Y Acad Sci
. 2004 Dec;1028:150-6.

Apoptosis in cancer. Lowe SW and Lin AW. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar;21(3):485-95. Review.

The molecular control of DNA damage-induced cell death. Coultas L and Strasser A.
Apoptosis
. 2000 Dec;5(6):491-507.

Role of alterations in the apoptotic machinery in sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. Rodriguez-Nieto S, Zhivotovsky B.
Curr Pharm Des
. 2006;12(34):4411-25.

Artemisinin

Recent advances in artemisinin and its derivatives as antimalarial and antitumor agents. Jung M, et al.
Curr Med Chem
. 2004 May;11(10):1265-84. Review.

Artemisinin and its derivatives: a novel class of anti-malarial and anti-cancer agents. Chaturvedi D, et al.
Chem Soc Rev
. 2010 Feb;39(2):435-54. Epub 2009 Aug 24. Review.

Artesunate induces oncosis-like cell death in vitro and has antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo. Du, JH, et al.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol.
2010 April; 65(5): 895–902.

Artesunate in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma-- first experiences. Berger TG, et al.
Oncol Rep
. 2005 Dec;14(6):1599-603.

Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo and growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma xenograft tumors by the anti-malarial artesunate. Dell’Eva R, et al.
Biochem Pharmacol
. 2004 Dec 15;68(12):2359-66.

The anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer. Efferth T, Dunstan H, Sauerbrey A, Miyachi H, Chitambar CR.
Int J Oncol.
2001 Apr;18(4):767-73.

Oral artemisinin prevents and delays the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in the rat. Lai H, Singh NP.
Cancer Lett
. 2006 Jan 8;231(1):43-8.

Targeted treatment of cancer with artemisinin and artemisinin- tagged iron-carrying compounds. Lai H, Sasaki T, Singh NP.
Expert Opin Ther Targets.
2005 Oct;9(5):995-1007. Review.

Inhibition of glutathione S-transferases by antimalarial drugs possible implications for circumventing anticancer drug resistance. Mukanganyama S, Widersten M, Naik YS, Mannervik B, Hasler JA.
Int J Cancer
. 2002 Feb 10;97(5):700-5.

Toxic brainstem encephalopathy after artemisinin treatment for breast cancer. Panossian LA, Garga NI, Pelletier D.
Ann Neurol
. 2005 Nov;58(5):812-3.

What made sesquiterpene lactones reach cancer clinical trials? Ghantous A, et al.
Drug Discov Today
. 2010 Aug;15(15-16):668- 78. Epub 2010 Jun 9.

Berries

Anti-angiogenic property of edible berries. Roy S, et al.
Free Radic Res
. 2002 Sep;36(9):1023-31.

Anthocyanins in black raspberries prevent esophageal tumors in rats. Wang LS, et al.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa)
. 2009 Jan;2(1):84-93.

Anthocyanidins induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells: structure-activity relationship and mechanisms involved. Hou DX, et al.
Int J Oncol.
2003 Sep;23(3):705-12.

Do anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, cancer chemopreventive pigments in the diet, merit development as potential drugs? Thomasset S, et al.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol
. 2009 Jun;64(1):201-11.