The Bitter Taste of Victory (71 page)

33  
‘Not one French’: Louis Aragon,
Les Désastres de la Guerre
, cited in Martin Schieder,
Im Blick des Anderen: Die Deutsch-Französischen Kunstbeziehungen 1945–1959
(Akademie Verlag, 2005), p. 37.

For more information on French cultural policy see Daniela Högerle,
Propaganda oder Verständigung: Instrumente französischer Kulturpolitik in Südbaden, 1945
–
1959
(Peter Lang, 2013); Stefan Zauner,
Erziehung und Kulturmission: Frankreichs Bildungspolitik in Deutschland 1945
–
1949
(Oldenbourg Verlag, 1994).

34  
‘a new fashion’:
Samedi Soir
, 1945, cited in Annie Cohen-Solal,
Sartre: A Life
, trans. by Anna Cancogni (Pantheon Books, 1988), p. 263.

‘to maintain through’: cited in Carole Seymour-Jones,
A Dangerous Liaison: Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre
(Century, 2008), p. 353.

35  
‘existence precedes’, ‘anguish’, ‘self-recovery’: JPS,
Being and Nothingness
, trans. by Hazel Estella Barnes (Simon and Schuster, 1992), pp. 802, 51, 116.

36  
‘providential’, ‘authenticity’: JPS,
The War Diaries
, trans. Quintin Hoare (Pantheon Books, 1985), p. 182.

‘in the underground’: JPS, lecture in New York, spring 1945, cited by Ronald Aronson,
Camus and Sartre: The Story of a Friendship and the Quarrel that Ended It
(University of Chicago, 2004), p. 54.

37  
‘example of bourgeois’: Wolfgang Harich,
Tägliche Rundschau,
9 Jan 1948.

38  
For this interpretation of pro-Russian French policy, see Schivelbusch,
In a Cold Crater
.

39  
‘I am seeing’, ‘They are amazed’: SB to Algren, 31 Jan 1948, in
A Transatlantic Love Affair
.

40  
‘You feel worst’, ‘You cannot fancy how sad’: SB to Algren, 31 Jan 1948 (Sunday morning), in
A Transatlantic Love Affair
.

41  
‘to the woman’, ‘big ugly woman’, ‘It seems’: SB to Algren, 31 Jan 1948, in
A Transatlantic Love Affair
.

42  
Alexander Dymschitz, 30 Nov 1947, cited in Alfred Betschart, ‘Sartre und
Die Fliegen in Berlin
1948’,
http://www.sartre.ch/Verger.pdf
, p. 17.

43  
‘Nobody can do’, ‘the actors were’: SB to Algren, 31 Jan 1948 (Tuesday), in
A Transatlantic Love Affair

‘a demonstration’, ‘arid and’, ‘bloomed in’: Friedrich Luft, cited in Betschart, ‘Sartre und
Die Fliegen
’.

‘major coup’, ‘neither true’: HS, review in
Die Welt,
in HS,
The Dark and The Bright
, p. 232.

44  
‘nightmare city’, ‘It’s measured by’, ‘creeping, half-human’: JPS,
The Flies
and
In Camera
, trans. Stuart Gilbert (Hamish Hamilton, 1946), pp. 7, 15, 15.

45  
‘That is not
my
palace, nor
my
door’, ‘national pastime’, ‘the game of’, ‘forgive us for’, ‘All you have’, ‘I bitterly repent’, ‘I am free’: JPS,
The Flies
, pp. 21, 32, 43, 99, 78.

46  
‘Please forgive’: JPS,
The Flies
, p. 44.

‘Germany is free’: TM,
Doctor Faustus
, p. 529.

‘I am free’: JPS,
The Flies
., p. 87.

47  
‘it administers’: Alfons Steinberger, in ‘Jean-Paul Sartre in Berlin: Discussion of
The Flies
’,
Verger
, 1:5, 1948, pp. 109–23 (reprinted
http://www.sartre.ch/Verger.pdf
).

48  
‘To wallow in’, ‘Responsibility on the’, ‘You do not’: JPS, in ‘Jean-Paul Sartre in Berlin’.

49  
‘It is liberty’: M. Theunissen, in ‘Jean-Paul Sartre in Berlin’.

50  
‘There has never’, ‘it is purely’: JPS, in ‘Jean-Paul Sartre in Berlin’.

‘my freedom implies’: JPS,
Cahiers pour une moral
(Gallimard, 1983), p. 487, cited in Steven Crowell (ed.),
The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism
, (Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 46.

‘a free agent’, ‘the perspective’, ‘bring it about’: JPS,
Anti-Semite and Jew
, trans. by George Joseph Becker (Schocken, 1948), p. 148.

51  
‘We felt’, ‘I never saw’: SB to Algren, 31 Jan 1948 (Tuesday), in
A Transatlantic Love Affair.

52  
‘We were against’: JPS, ‘“Wir sind alle Luthers Opfer”: Spiegel-Gesprach mit Jean-Paul Sartre’,
Spiegel
, vol 20, May 1960.

53  
On translations of Sartre into German, see Marieluise Christadler, ‘Der französische Existentialismus und die deutschen Intellektuellen in der Nachkriegszeit’, in Asholt Wofgang et al (eds.),
Frankreich ein unverstandener Nachbar 1945
–
1990
(Romanistischer Verlag, 1990), pp. 224–38.

54  
‘Erst kommt’: BB,
Die Dreigroschenoper,
first performed in Berlin in August 1928.

13:
Germany in California

1  
‘To hell with those bastards!’: BW as recalled by John Woodcock in J.M. Woodcock, ‘The Name Dropper’,
American Cinemeditor
, 39:4, Winter 1989/1990, p. 15, cited in Sikov,
On Sunset Boulevard
, p. 272.

2  
Cast put on weight in Italy: see Peter Brunette,
Roberto Rossellini
(Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 77.

3  
‘What a picture’: BW speaking to John Lund, cited in Sikov,
On Sunset Boulevard
, p. 277.

4  
Rossellini’s neorealist take on the same Berlin ruins was more direct in its message. Most versions of
Germany Year Zero
start with the statement that ‘when an ideology strays from the eternal laws of morality and of Christian charity, which form the basis of men’s lives, it must end as criminal madness’. The voiceover suggests that through the objective picture of suffering, children may be taught to love again.

5  
For a detailed dating of Wilder’s scenario, see Sollors,
The Temptation of Despair
, p. 249.

6  
See Sollors,
The Temptation of Despair
for a discussion of Wilder’s sympathy towards postwar Germany. By analysing several of Wilder’s drafts of the screenplay, Sollors argues that the changes in the script parallel the change in American attitudes towards Germany from a punitive posture to a collaborative one (p. 253).

7  
For an account of the enmity between Brecht and Mann, see Hans Mayer, ‘Thomas Mann and Bertolt Brecht: Anatomy of an Antagonism’,
New German Critique
, vol 6, pp. 101–15.

English conversation: TM, diary, 30 May 1948, in
Tagebücher
.

8  
‘In hell too’: BB, ‘On Thinking about Hell’, in BB,
Poems 1913
–
1956
, ed. John Willett, trans. Ralph Manheim (Routledge: 1979).

For an account of the landscape and geography of Los Angeles, see Otto Friedrich,
City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s
(University of California Press, 1997).

9  
‘the most sophisticated’, ‘if human pressure’: SB, 25 Feb 1947, in
America Day By Day
(University of California, 1999), p. 109.

‘with a shake’: SB, 27 Feb 1947, in
America Day By Day
, p. 121.

10  
‘I was enchanted’: TM,
The Story of a Novel: the genesis of Dr Faustus
, trans. by R. and C. Winston (Knopf, 1961), p. 64.

‘the light; the dry’, ‘the holm oak’: TM to Erich von Kahler, 8 Jul 1940, in
Letters of Thomas Mann
.

11  
‘You ought to’, ‘with the view’: TM to Hermann Hess, 14 Mar 1942, in
Letters of Thomas Mann.

12  
‘an embarrassed, fervid’, ‘of the intense’: Susan Sontag, ‘Pilgrimage’,
The New Yorker
, 21 Dec 1987.

13  
‘He liked to’: Katia Mann, in
Katia Mann: Unwritten Memories
(Knopf, 1975), p. 120.

14  
List of three greatest living writers: TM, ‘The bourgeoisie fell for the Nazis and Fascism’, Interview by Corrado Pizzinelli, in
Sera
, 1 Aug 1947, in Hansen,
Frage und Antwort
.

15  
‘My deepest wish’: TM, diary, 1 Feb 1948, in
Tagebücher.

16  
‘Her suffering’: TM, diary, 29 Mar 1948, in
Tagebücher.

‘the desire for’: TM, diary, 4 Apr 1948, in
Tagebücher.

17  
‘as excited and curious’: EM to Lotte Walter, Dec 1947, EM Archive.

‘The files are swelling’, ‘no day’: TM, diary, 21 Jan 1948, in
Tagebücher.

18  
‘It will no longer’: TM, diary, 4 Apr 1945, in
Tagebücher.

‘sick and tired’: TM, diary, 6 Nov 1946, in
Tagebücher.

‘catastrophic’: TM, diary, 13 Mar 1947, in
Tagebücher.
See also: TM, ‘Communism – an empty word’,
San Francisco Chronicle
, 23 Nov 1947, on America’s failure to understand communism.

‘the unification of’: TM, Interview in
Die Welt
, 20 May 1947, in Hansen,
Frage und Antwort.

‘Feel unnerved’: TM, diary, 3 Oct 1947, in
Tagebücher.

‘moral relaxation’: TM to Agnes Mayer, 10 Oct 1947, in
Letters of Thomas Mann
.

‘idiotic and unlawful’: TM to Ida Herz, 26 Oct 1947, in
Letters of Thomas Mann.

19  
‘Russians in Berlin Seize 5 Americans’,
The New York Times,
13 Jan 1948.

‘provocative policies’, ‘running the risk’: Herbert Morrison cited in ‘Britain to Russia’,
The New York Times
, 13 Jan 1948.