The Bitter Taste of Victory (68 page)

7  
‘his voice was a symbol’: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’,
Collier’s
, 9 Nov 1946.

‘vast rubbish heap’, ‘There was nothing’: MG,
Point of No Return
, published under the title
The Wine of Astonishment
(Bantam, 1949), p. 184.

8  
Biddle does not look at defendants, exhausted air of courtroom: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’.

‘Göring has the ugliest’: MG, notebook, 30 Sep 1946, MG Archive.

Göring’s smile: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’.

‘it is a cold court’: MG, notebook, 30 Sep 1946, MG Archive.

9  
Weather: from RW, ‘Last Dramatic Scenes’,
Daily Telegraph
, 1 Oct 1946.

‘often, indeed almost always’: Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Judgement, Avalon Project,
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/judgoeri.asp
.

10  
‘an empty, stunned’: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’,
Collier’s
, 9 Nov 1946.

11  
For the significance of the Nuremberg trials for the future of human rights law, see Robertson,
Crimes Against Humanity
, pp. 190, 202, 222. According to Robertson, ‘Nuremberg stands as a colossus in the development of international human rights law precisely because its Charter defined crimes against humanity and its procedures proved by acceptable and credible evidence that such crimes had been instigated by some of the defendants’ (p. 202).

12  
‘a recognisable product’: RW, ‘Last Dramatic Scenes’.

‘the most evil’: RW, ‘How the War Criminals Heard their Fate’,
Daily Telegraph
, 2 Oct 1946.

‘Let us not discount’: RW, ‘Last Dramatic Scenes’.

13  
‘who had led’: Arno Scholz, ‘Im Urteil des Volkes: Schuldig!’,
Telegraf
, 2 Oct 1946.

14  
‘men of four’: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’.

‘to use the Tribunal’: RW, ‘How the War Criminals’.

On the Russian execution of Polish internees, see Geoffrey Roberts,
Stalin’s Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953
(Yale University Press, 2006). pp. 170–71.

15  
‘Sexual renunciation’, ‘with some emotion’, ‘My God, that man’: RW, ‘Greenhouse with Cyclamens’, pp. 69
–
70.

16  
‘Coming home’: RW, diary, 5 Oct 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘odder and odder’: RW to her agent, 7 Oct 1946, RW Archive (Tulsa).

‘Katherine has got him’: RW, diary, 22 Oct 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

17  
‘I am not envious’: EM,
Spokane Daily Chronicle
, 16 Oct 1946, EM Archive.

‘enormous clown’, ‘wine of humiliation’, ‘vague, visceral’: RW, ‘A Reporter at Large: The Birch Leaves Falling’.

18  
‘makes the appeal’, ‘the outward’: RW,
Time and Tide,
8 Jun 1941, cited in Glendinning,
Rebecca West
, p. 169.

19  
‘Men are all filth’, ‘Don’t worry’: RW to Emanie Arling, n.d., RW Archive (Beinecke).

20  
‘only part of us’, ‘the other half’, ‘that will set’: RW,
Black Lamb and Grey Falcon
(Macmillan, 1942), vol II, p. 496.

21  
During the war, greenhouses were supposed to be used to grow food rather than flowers.

22  
‘I have never been able’: RW to A. L. Rowse, cited in A. L. Rowse,
Glimpses of the Great
(Methuen, 1985), p. 128.

23  
‘plastered history’, ‘not the name’: RW, ‘Greenhouse with Cyclamens’, pp. 73–4.

24  
‘To the desire’: RW, ‘Greenhouse with Cyclamens’, p. 15.

25  
‘much happiness that’, ‘there were men’: RW, ‘Greenhouse with Cyclamens’, pp. 14–15.

26  
‘War is the silver’: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’.

27  
‘to exorcise what’, ‘a good tough’: MG to Betsy Drake, 15 Jan 1972, MG Archive.

‘young and short’: MG,
Point of No Return
, p. 37.

28  
‘Driving into a group of Germans’: This act has a precedent. Ronald Monson of the
Daily Telegraph
had driven his car into a group of Germans after witnessing Belsen.

29  
‘sonofabitch’, ‘yawning man-eating chasm’: Gavin to MG, 25 Jan 1946, MG Archive.

‘to give in’, ‘in the night’: MG,
Point of No Return
, pp. 38, 39.

30  
‘launched on writing’: MG to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 1946, in
The Letters of Martha Gellhorn
.

‘being a man’: MG to Bernard Berenson, 17 Sep 1953, in
The Letters of Martha Gellhorn
.

‘because if a trooper’, ‘reasonable male’, ‘OK’: Gavin to MG, 25 Jan 1946, MG Archive.

31  
MG,
Point of No Return
, p. 191.

32  
‘with Dotty’, ‘my father’s too’: MG,
Point of No Return
, pp. 58, 87.

33  
‘clear out of’, ‘the krauts all’, ‘too big, black’, ‘he knew that’, ‘I never knew’: MG,
Point of No Return,
pp. 104, 269, 206, 213, 219.

34  
‘where sex starts’, ‘paid off so’: MG to Campbell Beckett, 12 Sep 1946, in
The Letters of Martha Gellhorn
.

‘dark girl who’: MG,
Point of No Return,
p. 145.

35  
‘You sat there’: MG, ‘The Paths of Glory’.

‘grey and thick’, ‘these goddam krauts’, ‘this is the’: MG,
Point of No Return,
pp. 173, 175, 201.

11:
Cold War

1  
‘just because they’re’: VG to Ruth Gollancz, 5 Oct 1946, cited in Dudley Edwards,
Victor Gollancz
, p. 435.

2  
Shops in ruins and corpses beneath rubble: see Alfred Döblin,
Tales of a Long Night
(Universiy of Michigan, 1984), pp. 280–81.

‘drearier than’, ‘a vast dumping’: Dagerman,
German Autumn
, p. 20.

3  
‘It is beyond’: VG to Ruth Gollancz, 9 Oct 1946, cited in Dudley Edwards,
Victor Gollancz
, p. 437. Majority of the 50,000: this figure is from Bessel,
Germany 1945
, p. 264. (15,000 were German Jews, p. 267).

‘a rather hideous’: Report by Earl G. Harrison to President Truman, printed in full in
The New York Times
, 30 Sep 1945, cited in Sollors,
The Temptation of Despair
, p. 141.

4  
‘concentration camps’: Wing Commander Norman Hulbert MP, cited in Meehan,
A Strange Enemy People
, p. 73.

5  
‘if one wants’: Dagerman,
German Autumn
, p. 7.

‘wretched’: VG to
The Times
, published 5 Nov 1946.

‘the stigmata of malnutrition’: VG,
From Darkness to Light: a confession of faith in the form of an anthology
(V. Gollancz, 1956), pp. 35–6.

6  
‘I am never’: VG to
The Times
, published 15 Nov 1946.

‘We have all’: VG to the
News Chronicle
, published 13 Nov 1946.

7  
‘the journey of’; Zuckmayer in Frankfurt: Carl Zuckmayer,
A Part of Myself
, trans. by Richard and Clara Winston (Secker & Warburg, 1970), pp. 329, 390.

8  
‘Oh, what a pleasure’: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, p. 390.

9  
‘anteroom to hell’: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, p. 345.

10  
‘a cry, a summons’: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, p. 381.

11  
Visiting Germany as an American: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, p. 386.

‘bridge the abysses’: CZ,
Deutschlandbericht für das Kriegsministerium der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika
(Wallstein, 2004), p. 56.

12  
‘Americans are money-hungry’: Bernard Lewis to Robert A. McClure, ‘Suggested Changes in
Die Neue Zeitung
’, 26 Apr 1946, OMGUS/ISD Archive (cited in Gienow-Hecht, ‘Art is Democracy’, p. 34).

‘what filth’, ‘these artists’, ‘as they have’: Erich Kästner, ‘Die Augsburger Diagnose’ (The Augsburg Diagnosis),
Neue Zeitung
, 7 Jan 1946 and Hans Habe, ‘Tagebuch der
Kultur’
(Diary of culture),
Neue Zeitung
, 18 Jan 1946 (cited in quoted Gienow-Hecht, ‘Art is Democracy’, p. 31).

13  
‘the shudder of’: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, p. 395.

14  
‘When Pommer comes’: Erich Kästner, cited in Heide Fehrenbach,
Cinema in Democratizing Germany: Reconstructing National Identity after Hitler
(University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 63.

‘rich tradition’, ‘the undistorted image’: Erich Pommer, 13 Aug 1946,
Suddeutsche Zeitung
, cited in Schivelbusch,
In a Cold Crater
, p. 145.

15  
‘who could deny’: Enno Kind, Review of
The Murderers are Among Us
, Berlin edition of
Neues Deutschland,
17 Oct 1946.

On film-making in Berlin, see Dagmar Barnouw, ‘A Time for Ruins’, in Wilfried Wilms and William Rasch (ed.),
German Post-war Films: Life and Love in the Ruins
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 45–60. On British film-making, including
Tell the Truth
, see Riess,
The Berlin Story
(Frederick Muller, 1953), pp. 59–60.

16  
Pointlessness of denazification: CZ,
Deutschlandbericht
, p. 139.

Hour of acceptance, ‘ready for any’: CZ,
A Part of Myself
, pp. 394–95.

17  
Visit to pub: CZ,
Deutschlandbericht
, p. 117.

18  
‘Why do you care?’: CZ,
Deutschlandbericht
, p. 119