The battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (104 page)

Ribbing, Colonel

Richthofen, Colonel Wolfram von, and attack on Madrid, and Málaga campaign, reputation, commands Luftwaffe operations, and battle of Jarama, and Basque campaign, and bombing of Guernica, and Brunete offensive, records tensions among nationalists, and battle of Teruel, and fall of Catalonia, records republican surrender, participates in victory parade

Ridruejo, Dionisio

Rieucros

Rincón, Count del

Rio Tinto Zinc

Rioja

Riquelme, General José

Roatta, General Mario and Málaga campaign, and battle of Jarama, replaced, admits bombing of Guernica

Robeson, Paul

Robles, José

Rodezno, Count of, (Tomás Domínguez Arévalo)

Rodimtsev, Aleksandr

Rodríguez, Melchor

Rodríguez del Barrio, General Ángel

Rodríguez Losada, Mario

Ródriguez Salas, Eusebi

Rodriguez Sastré, Antonio

Roehr, Captain

Rojas, Captain Manuel

Rojo, Colonel (later General) Vicente, and defence of Madrid, and battle of Jarama, and battle of Guadalajara, and Aragón offensive, promoted, and battle of Teruel, predicts fall of Barcelona, and battle of Ebro, bids farewell to International Brigades, and battle of Catalonia, concedes war

Rolfe, Edwin

Romanian volunteers

Romanones, Count de, (Alvaro de Figueroa y Torres)

Rome Catholic Church in, axis with Berlin, imperial

Romerales, General Manuel

Romero, Colonel Carlos

Romero Bassart, Colonel Luis

Romilly, Esmond

Ronda

Roosevelt, Daniel

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Rosales, Luis

Rosenberg, George

Rosenberg, Marcel, and removal of Asensio Torrado, executed, comment on revolutions

Rosselli, Carlo

Rossi, Conte, (Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi)

Rossi, General

Rot Front

Rovira Canales, Colonel Josep

Royal Military Academy

Royal Navy, nationalist sympathies, intelligence,
see
also
HMS
Blanche
; HMS
Brazen
;HMS
Devonshire
; HMS
Galatea
; HMS
Hardy
; HMS
Havock
; HMS
Hood
; HMS
Queen Elizabeth
; HMS
Woolwich

Ruiz Alonso, Ramón

Ruiz Funes, Mariano

Ruiz Ibárurri, Rubén

Ruiz Jiménez, Joaquín

Russell, Bertrand

Russia, Kerensky regime, pact with France, civil war, Bolshevik, atheist,
see also
Soviet Union

Russian Revolution

Sabadell-Reus

Sabaté Llopart, Francisco (‘El Quico’)

Sachsenhausen (concentration camp)

Sáenz de Buruaga y Polanco, Colonel Eduardo

Sagunto

Saint Jean de Luz

Saint-Cyprien

Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de

Sáinz Rodríguez, Pedro

Salamanca, province of, meeting of generals, Franco’s GHQ, Falangist fighting, bitterness against Britain

Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira

Salcedo Molinuevo, General Enrique

Saliquet Zumeta, General Andrés

saluting

Samper Ibáñez, Ricardo

San Blas

San Lorenzo del Escorial

San Martín de la Vega

San Martín de Valdeiglesias

San Sebastián, pact, military rising, falls to nationalists

Sánchez Barcaíztegui
(republican destroyer)

Sánchez Ferragut, Captain

Sangroniz y Castro, José Antonio

Sanje, Hans

Sanjurjo, General failed coup, figurehead of
coup
ďétat
, killed in air crash, and arms supplies

Sanjurjo
(former Italian submarine)

Santa María de la Cabeza monastery

Santander, assassinations, military rising, war committee, military zone, council, retreat to and defence, guerrilla operations

Santoña

Saragossa, defence of general strike, Military Academy, ‘second city of anarchism’ military rising, anarchist conference, nationalist garrison reinforced, offensives against, anarchists revolt

Sayagüés, Prudencio

Sbert, Antonio María

Scandinavian volunteers

Schmidt, Paul

Schuschnigg, Dr Kurt von

Second Republic,
see
Spanish Republic (Second Republic)

Second World War, bomb loads, in relation to Spanish Civil War, air aces, Red Army in, outbreak of, Spanish neutrality

Segorbe

Segovia, Bishop of

Segovia offensive

Segre, River

Seguí, Colonel Juan

Segura y Sáenz, Cardinal Pedro

‘Seisdedos’ (anarchist)

Sender, Ramón J.

SERE, (Servicio de Emigración parta Republicanos Españoles)

Serge, Victor

Serra Bartolomé, Colonel Moisés

Serra, Patricio

Serrador, Colonel Ricardo

Serrano Súñer, Ramón, rise to power, spares Hedilla, role in Franco government, and reintegration of Barcelona, political career

Sert, José María

Sert, Josep Lluís

Servicio de Información Especial Antimasónico

Sesé, Antonio

Seseñ

Seven Seas Spray
(ship)

Sevilla la Nueva

Seville, protests, Sanjurjo’s coup, province of, military rising, political killings, nationalist gathering, Franco establishes headquarters, cheers
Wehrmacht
, under Franco

Seville, Colonel the Duke of

shipping, republican

Shteingold, Emil

Sierra de Alcubierre

Sierra de Cavalls

Sierra de Espadan

Sierra de Guadarrama, defensive action, water and electricity supplies, offensive

Sierra de Javalambre

Sierra de Palomera

Sierra de Pándols

Sierra de Toro

Sierra do Eixe

Silva, José

Silvestre, General Fernández

SIM (Servicio de Investigación Militar), NKVD involvement in

Simpson, Mrs

Sino-Japanese war

SIPM (Servicio de Información Policía Militar)

Smushkevich, Yakov (General ‘Duglas’)

socialist realism

Socialist Youth, and feminism, battalions, communist infiltration, and ‘events of May’, collaboration with communists

Société Éuropéene ďÉtudes et ďEntreprises

Solchaga Zala, Colonel (later General) José

Solidaridad Obrera

Sommerfield, John

Somosierra pass

Soria

Soviet Union, Spanish links with, collectivization, role in Spanish Civil War, methods of accounting, and Euro-Communism, policies attacked, cities destroyed, spy mania, system of oppression, criticisms of, power of NKVD, purges and terror, Trotskyist sabotage, foreign policy, trains Spanish pilots, support for China, Spanish gold reserves shipped to, pact with Hitler, disengages with Republic, gives refuge to senior communists, parallels with Franco’s Spain, German invasion, republicans serving in,
see also
Russia

Spanish air force

Spanish army, strength, corruption, and Primo de Rivera, under Second Republic, reforms, role in
coup ďétat
, dissolved by decree, social composition, and development of militias, training, bureaucracy and conservatism, authoritarian values, patron saint

Spanish Communist Party (PCE), membership and strength, organization, middle class and, in Madrid, bid for power, military base, Comintern supervision, officers and, and Morocco, post-war, increased Soviet control, takes control of Socialist Youth, provides commissars, ambitions for republican Spain, in Basque country, and republican power struggle, writers and, infiltration of army command, and Brunete offensive, absorption of Socialist Party, and SIM, shifts blame for Teruel, and Negrín government, and departure of foreign communists, permits International Brigades to fight on, and continuation of war, leaders meet in Alicante, senior members in Soviet Union, plans reconquest of Spain

Spanish Foreign Legion, role in
coup ďétat
, organization, battle cry, conduct in Seville, invents Molotov cocktail, marching song, role in civil war, Italians in uniform of, in battle of Corunna road, strength, in Jarama offensive, anarchists drafted, and International Brigades, at battle of Teruel, in Aragón offensive, participates in victory parade, cult of virility and death

Spanish language

Spanish navy

Spanish Republic (First Republic)

Spanish Republic (Second Republic), declared, Constitution, revolt against, fifth anniversary parade, fails to resist military rising, military strength, foreign relations, collapse, zone of control, unity of, international support, leadership, international reputation, power struggle within, infected with paranoia, and ‘controlled democracy’, seeks compromise, communist power ends

Spanish–American War

Spender, Stephen

Spengler, Oswald

Sperrle, General Hugo

Stalin, Joseph, regime, portrait, decision to intervene in Spain, foreign policy, conspiracy complex, criticisms published, instructs Largo Caballero, plans for republican Spain, purges, and republican power struggle, and Negrín’s administration, pact with Hitler

Stalingrad, battle of, commanders, Richthofen and, compared with Teruel, tactics

Stanbrook
(ship)

Standard Oil

Stashevsky, Artur

Steer, George

Steinbeck, John

‘Stepánov’,
see
Minéevich, Stoyán

Stevenson, R. C. S.

Straits of Gibraltar

strikes, in response to military rising, suppressed under Franco

submarines, ‘Legionary’

Swedish volunteers

Switzerland

Tagüeñ Lacorte, Manuel, and battle of Ebro, leaves Spain

Tagus, River

Talavera de la Reina

Tangier

tanks: in action in Madrid, development of, in battle of Jarama, in battle of Guadalajara, in battle of Belchite, in battle of Teruel, Spanish, tactics, destroyed at Fuentes de Ebro, in action at Belchite, in action at Teruel

Tank types
:

BT-5s

Fiat Ansaldos

Panzer Mark Is

T-26s

Tiger

Tapsell, Walter

Taranto
(nationalist cruiser)

Tarradellas, Joan Josep

Tarragona

Tarrancón

Tella, Lieutenant-Colonel (later General) Heli Rolando de

Tenerife

Terra Alta

Teruel, battle of, compared with Stalingrad, losses at

Teruel, Bishop of

Tetuán

Texas Oil Company

Thomas, Hugh

Thorez, Maurice

Tiflis

Times

Tkachev, Major (‘Palafox’)

Togliatti, Palmiro (‘Ercole’ or ‘Alfredo’)

Toledo, province of, relief of the Alcázar, political killings, guerrilla bands, Angel of the Alcázar