The battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (102 page)

failure in Valencia

fear of Franco

and fall of Catalonia

crosses into France

succeeds Azaña

in exile

Martínez Campos, General

Martínez Monje, General Fernando

Martínez Cabrera, General Toribio

Marty, André

and International Brigades

opinion of Malraux

character

and Negrín’s administration

involved in recriminations

last editorial

determination to eliminate opponents

Marx, Karl

Das Kapital

Marxism

Masquelet, General Carlos

Massana, Marcelino

Massis, Henri

Matallana, Colonel (later General)

Manuel

opposition to Negrín government

promoted

negotiates with nationalists

Matthews, Herbert

Maura, Antonio

Maura, Miguel

Mauriac, François

Maurín, Joaquim

Maurras, Charles

Mauthausen (concentrartion camp)

Mayalde, Count de

Medina, Diego

Medinaceli

Mediterranean Sea

coastline

increased nationalist control

French presence

republican ports

and Second

World War

Medvedev (partisan leader)

Melilla

Méndez Aspe, Francisco

Méndez Nuñez
(republican cruiser)

Mendiola, Leocadia

Menéndez, General Leopoldo, opposition to Negrín government

Mequinenza

Mera, Cipriano, and battles of Jarama and Guadalajara, frees chief of staff, and Brunete offensive, and Aragón offensive, commands IV Corps, opposition to Negrín government, returned to nationalist Spain

Mercader, Caridad

Meretskov, Colonel Kirill, (Soviet adviser)

Mérida

Merry del Val, Pablo

Metaxas, Yanni

Mexico, support for republicans, accepts Spanish refugees

Miaja, General José, and defence of Madrid, communism, and battle of Corunna road, and battle of Jarama, squabble with Pozas, and battle of Gudalajara, obtains Verardini’s release, and Estremadura offensive, and Brunete offensive, and Gudalajara offensive, and battle of Ebro, requests negotiations, determines to fight on, opposition to Negrín government, promoted, heads National Council, flees to Orán, in exile

Miguel de Cervantes
(cruiser)

Mije García, Antonio, (communist leader)

Milicias Antifascistas Obreras y Campesinas (MAOC)

militias, nationalist

militias, republican, in defence of Madrid, experience and conditions, incorporated into republican army, in Málaga campaign, Catalan, wages, Basque, belief in victory,
see also

militias, republican, columns, Erich, Muhsam
centuria
[these 5 lines moved from republican army]

Sacco and Vanzetti
centuria

Durruti Column

Giustizia e Libertà Column

International Column

Militias’ Cultural Service

Millán Astray, General José

Minéevich, Stoyán (‘Stepánov’)

mining

Minorca

Mirabello
(Italian warship)

Miranda de Ebro

Miravet

Miravitlles, Jaume

Miró, Joan

Modesto, Juan, personal qualities, and battle of Jarama, and Brunete offensive, and Aragón offensive, and battle of Teruel, and battle of Ebro, promoted, leaves Spain

Moix, José

Mola
(nationalist submarine)

Mola, General Emilio, role in
coup ďétat
, politics, Basque operation, and Franco’s rise to power, commands army against Madrid, and ‘fifth column’, commands Jarama offensive, and Basque campaign, death, Church and

Mölders, Oberleutnant Werner

Molero, General Nicolás

Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich

Monasterio, Colonel Félix (later General)

Mondragón

Mont de Marsan

Montana project

Montauban

Montaud, Colonel

Montecillo
(ship)

Montjuich

Montseny, Federica

Monzón, Jesus

Monzón Telesforo

Moors, Moroccan troops,
see regulares

Móra ďEbre

Mora del Ebro

Mora la Nueva

Morata

Morel, Colonel

Moreno, Admiral Francisco de

Morgan’s Bank

Moriones, Colonel Domingo

Moroccan troops,
see regulares

Morocco, French presence in, rebellion in, military rising, recruitment in, colonialism and independence, mustard gas used in, and Second World War

Moscardó, Colonel (later General), defence of the Alcázar, represses anti-fascist rising

Moscardó, Luis

Moscow, influence of, reports to, organized demonstrations, Republic establishes embassy, Spanish gold reserves shipped to, purges and show trials, and suppression of POUM, radioed for instructions, passports sent to, German invasion halted, defence of Kremlin

Mosley, Oswald

Mosquerela

Motorizada

Motril

Múgica, Bishop Mateo

Mujeres Libres

Muley Hassan, Caliph

Mundo Obrero

Munich agreement

Muñoz Grandes, Colonel (later General)

Murcia

Museo del Prado

Mussolini, Benito, funds Falange, symbolism, trains Carlists, invades Abyssinia, assistance to nationalists, frustration with Italian king, international responses to, uses phrase ‘Rome–Berlin axis’, compared with Franco, appetite for military glory, and Guadalajara defeat, and Basque victory, response to international protests, reinforces nationalist navy, and bombing raids, relations with Franco, ambitions in Albania, predicts Franco’s defeat, and France, fears European war, orders captured Italians executed, and Second World War, fall of

Mussolini, Bruno

MVR (Militias of Rearguard Vigilance)

Nabarra
(trawler)

Nanetti, Nino

Naples

Narváez, General, Duke of Valencia 1800–1868)

Nathan, Major George

National Block

National Council of Defence

National Republican Guard

nationalist air force,
see
Brigada Aérea Hispana

nationalist army, leadership, training, strength

NATIONALIST ARMY FORMATIONS

Army of Manoeuvr

Army of the South

Army Corps of Aragón

Army Corps of Castille

Army Corps of Galicia

Army Corps of Maestrazgo

Army Corps of Morocco

Army Corps of Navarre

Army Corps of Turía

Army Corps of Urgel

1st Cavalry Division

5th Navarrese Division

10th Division

13th Division

50th Division

51st Division

52nd Division

81st Division

105th Division

108th Division

150th Division

Navarre Division

Soria Division

1st Navarre Brigade

4th Navarre Brigade

5th Navarre Brigade

San Quentin Infantry Regiment

see also
Army of Africa

nationalist navy
see
Almirante Cervera
;
Baleares
;
Canarias
;
España; Mola; Navarra; Sanjurjo
;
Taranto; Velasco

nationalist spy networks

nationalists: military strength politics, zone of control, strengthened morale terror tactics, receive international support, leadership, and international opinion, power struggle and formation of JONS, air superiority, increased military superiority, tensions in alliance

Navalcarnero

Navalmoral de la Mata

Navarra
(nationalist cruiser)

Navarre support for Carlists, nationalists hold, political killings

Navarro, Captain Enrique

Nazis, Spanish admiration for, expansionism, ‘Four Year Plan’ and Catalonia, motives for campaign in Spain

Nazism, compared with Falangism

Negrín López, Juan, finance minister, and shipment of gold reserves, commands
carabineros
, government of, and republican power struggle, policy of ‘controlled democracy’, and assassination of Nin, war policy, addresses League of Nations, visits Paris, refuses Prieto’s resignation, character, resists joining Communist Party, and SIM, sells silver reserves, rebuffed by Stalin, end of friendship with Prieto, supports Prieto, government reformed, Thirteen Points, failed peace overtures, and battle of Ebro, asserts authority, centralism, new government, surrender negotiations, bids farewell to International Brigades, plans for National Front, and fall of Catalonia, crosses into France, return to Spain and continuation of war, coup against, leaves Spain, in exile

Nelken, Margarita

Nenni, Pietro

Neruda, Pablo

Nervión, River

Neurath, Konstantin von

New Castile

New York
Daily Worker

New York Herald Tribune

New York Times

News Chronicle

Nicolson, Harold

Nieto, Major Andrés

Nikonov, Anatoly, (deputy chief GRU)

Nin, Andrés, and ‘events of May’, arrested and murdered

NKVD, supervises shipment of gold reserves, fake passports, personnel in Spain, ‘active work’, and republican power struggle, control secret police, defectors, in International, Brigades and SIM, euphemism for, reaction against, republicans serving with

Normandy invasion

North Africa

North, Joseph

Northcliffe, Lord

Noticiero

Núñez, Carlos

Nuñez de Prado, General Miguel

Nuño, Amor

nuns, disinterred, rumours about, killed, alleged rapes, as prison warders,

Nuvolini, General

Nyon, conference

O’Brien, Aileen

Observer

Ocañ

Ochandiano

October revolution (1934)

Odessa

O’Duffy, General Eoin

oil synthetic

Old Castile

OMSBON, (NKVD Moscow detachment)

Operation Romerales

Orán

Organización Sindical

Orgaz, General, in command in Morocco, commands central front

Orlov, Aleksander

Ortega, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio