The Articulate Mammal (61 page)

Principle of Shortest Move
98
–
9

principles and parameters (P and P)
96
–
7
,
165

‘probable world strategy’
127

process approach (to language acquisition)
124
–
6
,
129
–
34
,
138
–
40
,
150

production of speech
xvii
,
185
–
6
,
212
–
33
,
236
,
238
; brain activity
52
; further reading
244
; pauses
213
–
14
; speech errors
215
–
24
; units of planning
224
–
5
; word selection
225
–
7

progressive construction
143
–
4

pronouns
57
,
118
,
140
,
163

Psammetichus
83
–
4

psycholinguistics, definition of
xv
,
xvi

psychologists vs. linguists
xv
–
xvi

psychology
170
–
1
,
238

Pulvermüller, F.
242

puzzle-solving approach
14
,
124
,
129
,
138
,
150

questions: acquisition of
75
; development of
68
; formation of
6
–
8
; Genie’s speech
79
; left-to-right model
202
–
3
; WHquestions
75
,
126

Raichle, M.E.
51
,
242

Ramachandran, V.S.
57

rare constructions
68

rationalists
84

rats, training of
2
–
4
,
235

Rayner, K.
200
,
209

recursiveness
154

reformulations
135

reinforcement
4
–
5

relative clauses
144
–
5
; acquisition of
140
–
1
; comprehension of
208
,
210

repairs
135
,
181
–
2
,
213

repetition: comprehension of speech
207
–
8
; slips of the tongue/speech errors
218
,
221
,
223

respiratory system
42

response strength
5

rhythm of speech
56
,
71

Richards, B.J.
243

Ridley, M.
82

right-handedness
46
–
7

Rizzolatti, G.
58

Roberts, L.
47
,
49

Roelofs, A.
226
,
232

Roeper, T.
129
,
165

Rondal, J.
243

Rosenfield, D.
46

rule-governedness: in child language
85
,
112
–
13
,
123
,
124
,
235
; Emperor of Jupiter example
162
–
3
; feature of language
13
;
see also
structure dependence

rules vs. principles
97

Rumbaugh, D.M.
35
,
36
,
38
,
241

Rumelhart, D.E.
245

Rymer, R.
80

SAADs (simple active affirmative declaratives)
171
,
173

Sally (child)
118
–
20
,
146

Sampson, G.
14
,
241

Santos (deaf signer)
81

Sarah (chimp)
241

Sarah (‘Harvard child’)
73
,
114
–
16
,
117
,
144
,
180
–
1
,
242

Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.
35
,
37
,
241

savants
133
–
4
,
243

Saxton, M.
66
,
137

scaffolding, semantic
138
–
9

‘scan-copying’ mechanism
232

Schaller, S.
81

Schlesinger, I.M.
91

Schmid, H.-J.
239

school
62

Scovel, T.
242

Seidenberg, M.S.
33
,
189
,
190
,
244

selection errors
218
–
21
,
223
,
225
–
6
,
228

selective attention
117
,
136
–
7

selective impairment
215

semantic errors
219
,
220
,
225
–
6

semantic rules
89

semantic scaffolding
138
–
9

semanticity (design feature of language)
21
; ape communication
30
,
32
,
35
,
38
; definition of
22

semantics
xviii
–
xix

Senghas, A.
81
,
242

‘sensible sentences’ strategy
197
–
8

sentence relatedness
viii
,
168
–
9

sentence-matching experiment
ix
,
171
–
2
,
173

sentences: children’s linguistic sophistication
131
–
2
; comprehension difficulties
204
–
10
; deep structure experiments
174
–
7
; Emperor of Jupiter example
153
–
64
; strategies for comprehension
193
–
202
,
203
–
4
,
244
; versatile
verbs
190
–
2
; well-formed vs. deviant
168
,
183

sentoids
224
; canonical sentoid strategy
193
–
5
,
198
,
204
; comprehension difficulties
205
–
6

Serbo-Croatian
108
–
9
,
141
–
2

Seth (child)
113
–
14
,
126
–
7

sex differences (in language)
57
,
137

sexual origin myth
215

Seyfarth, R.M.
19

Shakespeare, William
21

Shanker, S.F.
241

Shapiro, L.P.
192

Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.
232

Shatz, M.
135

Shelley, Percy Bysshe
xix

Shenk, D.
244

Sheridan, Richard
219

Sherman (chimp)
37

Shillcock, R.C.
244

Shirai, Y.
243

Shortest Move Principle
98
–
9

Shortlist model
188

sign language
29
–
34
,
81

similar meaning errors
see
semantic errors

similar sound errors
see
malapropisms

Sinclair-de-Zwart, H.
130

single-word stage
see
one-word utterances

Skinner, B.F.
vii
–
viii
,
2
–
4
,
5
,
6
,
235
,
241

slips of the ear (mishearings)
187