The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977 (54 page)

The meaning of the denouement in Gaza would be determined only by its yet-to-be-written sequel. It could later be interpreted as the moment showing that the cost in tears and fury of dismantling settlements was too high to be paid again, on a grander scale, for evacuating the larger Israeli communities in the West Bank—or as the proof that settlements are indeed potentially temporary, and that the settlers had lost the support of the Israeli mainstream. It may be recorded as the act that revived peace efforts, or as the intermezzo before a new battle over the torn land. It did not yet answer the question posed to Israelis when the unexpected conquests of 1967 were fresh: What kind of Israel do you want? That answer still lay in the future.

Archives

Gush Etzion Archive (Kfar Etzion)

Hakibbutz Hame’uhad Archive (at Yad Tabenkin Archive, Ramat Efal)

Hashomer Hatza’ir Archive (Givat Havivah)

Israel Labor Party Archives (Beit Berl)

Israel State Archive (Jerusalem)

Jerusalem Municipal Archive

Kibbutz Gilgal Archive (Kibbutz Gilgal)

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library (Austin, Texas)

Merom Golan Archive (Merom Golan)

Midreshet Eretz Yisrael—Makhon Reshit (Eretz Yisrael Academy—Keddumim)

National Archives and Records Administration (College Park, Maryland)

Ofrah Archive (Ofrah)

Richard Nixon Library (Yorba Linda, California)

Yad Levi Eskhol (Jerusalem)

Yad Tabenkin Archive (Ramat Efal)

Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies (Tel Aviv)

Private Papers

Admoni, Yehiel

Demant, Prof. Peter Robert

Gouri, Haim

Lifshitz, Oded

Mintz, Avraham

Moskovic, Moshe

Oral Histories

Allon, Yigal: Israel State Archives 154.0/1-19/5001/19-22A. 23 interviews, conducted in 1979 by the Davis Institute of Hebrew University.

McPherson, Harry: LBJ Library Oral History Collection, Interview VII, Sept. 19, 1985, by Michael L. Gillette.

Rostow, Eugene V.: LBJ Library Oral History Collection, Dec. 2, 1968, by Paige E. Mulhollan.

Books and Articles

Article and book titles are in the original language, with English translations as provided by the publisher. Date citation is by the Hebrew calendar if only the Hebrew year is given. For conversion to Gregorian date, the Hebrew year 5700 began in September 1939.

Abdul-Hadi, Mahdi.
Al-Mustawtanat Al-Israiliyyah Fi Al-Quds Waddifah Al-Gharbiyyah, Al-Muhtallah 1967–1977
(Israeli Settlements in Occupied Jerusalem and the West Bank 1967–1977). Jerusalem: Jamiat Al-Multaqa Al-Fikri Al-Arabi Al-Quds, 1978.

Admoni, Yehiel.
Asor Shel Shikul Da’at: Hahityashvut Me’ever Lakav Hayarok 1967–1977
(Decade of Discretion: Settlement Policy in the Territories 1967–1977). Makhon Yisrael Galili Leheker Hakoah Hamagen/Yad Tabenkin/Hakibbutz Hame’uhad: 1992.

———.
Asor Shel Shikul Da’at: Hahityashvut Me’ever Lakav Hayarok 1967–1977.
Author’s ms.

Amir, Aharon. “Hakinor Vehaherev.”
Keshet
(Fall 1975): 5–43.

Amital, Yehudah.
Hama’alot Mima’amakim
. Jerusalem, 5734.

Aran, Gideon. “From Religious Zionism to Zionist Religion: The Roots of Gush Emunim.”
Studies in Contemporary Jewry
(1986): 116–43.

Bar-Joseph, Uri.
Hatzofeh Shenirdam
(The Watchman Fell Asleep: The Surprise of Yom Kippur and Its Sources). Lod: Zmora-Beitan, 2001.

Barzilai, Amnon. “Hatardemah Ha’arukah Shel Hamishmeret Hatze’irah,”
Ha’aretz
, June 9, 2002, B3.

———. “Kakh Nehersah Shekhunat Hamughrabim.”
Ha’aretz
, May 13, 1999, B2.

———. “Kakh Nignaz ‘Siah Lohamim’ Shel Merkaz Harav.”
Ha’aretz
, June 16, 2002: B3.

———. “Mibrerat Mehdal Ve’ad Lamehdal.”
Ha’aretz
, Oct. 10, 2003: B4.

———. “Uvitzumah shel Hamilhamah Tikhnenu Be’aman et Hamedinah Hapalestinit,”
Ha’aretz
, June 5, 2002: B3.

Baumgarten, Albert I., ed.
Apocalyptic Time.
Leiden: Brill, 2000.

Bavly, Dan.
Halomot Vehizdamnuyot Shehuhmetzu 1967–1973
(Dreams and Missed Opportunities 1967–1973). Jerusalem: Carmel, 2002.

Beilin, Yossi.
Mehiro Shel Ihud: Mifleget Ha’avodah Ad Milhemet Yom Hakippurim.
Tel Aviv: Revivim, 1985.

Ben-Ami, A., ed.
Hakol: Gvulot Hashalom Shel Eretz Yisrael
(Hakol: The Peace Frontiers of Israel). Tel Aviv: Madaf, 1967.

Ben-Yaakov, Yohanan, ed.
Gush Etzion: Hamishim Shnot Ma’avak Viytzirah
. Alon Shvut: Yad Shapira, 1983.

Benziman, Uzi.
Yerushalayim: Ir Lelo Homah
(Jerusalem: City Without a Wall). Tel Aviv: Schocken, 1973.

Berman, Paul.
A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.

Bettelheim, Bruno.
The Children of the Dream
. London: Collier-Macmillan, 1969.

Bivritekh.
Tel Aviv: Hamahanot Ha’olim, 1938.

Bundy, William.
A Tangled Web: The Making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency
. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.

Cohen, Yeruham.
Tokhnit Allon.
Hakibbutz Heme’uhad, 1972.

Collins, Larry, and Dominique Lapierre.
O Jerusalem
. London: Pan, 1973.

Dayan, Moshe.
Story of My Life: An Autobiography.
New York: William Morrow, 1976.

Demant, Peter Robert.
Ploughshares Into Swords: Israeli Settlement Policy in the Occupied Territories, 1967–1977.
Diss., Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1988.

Don Yehiya, Eliezer. “The Book and the Sword: The Nationalist Yeshivot and Political Radicalism in Israel,” in
Accounting for Fundamentalisms: The Dynamic Character of Movements
, ed. Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. Chicago: The Fundamentalism Project, University of Chicago Press, 1994: 264–302.

Douer, Yair.
Lanu Hamaggal Hu Herev II
(Our Sickle Is Our Sword: Nahal Settlements From 1967 until 1992). Ministry of Defense and Yad Tabenkin, 1997.

Eban, Abba.
An Autobiography.
New York: Random House, 1977.

Ehrlich, B. “Keshet: Hamered Hakadosh.”
Nekuda
, July 11, 1986, 10–19.

Eisenstadt, David E.
Hatmurot Bagvulot Ha’ironiyim (Municipaliyim) Shel Yerushalayim 1863–1967
(The Evolution of Jerusalem’s Municipal Boundaries, 1863–1967). Master’s thesis, Bar Ilan University, 1998.

Eldar, Akiva, and Idith Zertal.
Adonei Ha’aretz: Hamitnahalim Umedinat Yisrael 1967–2004
(Lords of the Land: The Settlers and the State of Israel 1967–2004). Kinneret: Zmora-Bitan, 2004.

Eliav, Arie Lova.
Ye’adim Hadashim Leyisrael.
Tel Aviv: Betzalel Cherikover, Feb. 1969.

———.
Tabe’ot Edut
(Rings of Faith). Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1984.

———.
Eretz Hatzvi
(Land of the Hart). Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1972; 8th ed., 1983.

Elkins, Michael. “Notebook of an Irreverent Correspondent.”
The Jerusalem Report
, May 14, 1998, 60.

Elon Moreh: Hiddush Hayishuv Hayhudi Beshomron
. Jerusalem: Gush Emunim, 5736.

Ezrahi, Yaron.
Rubber Bullets: Power and Conscience in Modern Israel
. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997.

Fanon, Frantz.
The Wretched of the Earth
, trans. Constance Farrington. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1985.

Festinger, Leon, et al.
When Prophecy Fails
. University of Michigan, 1956; New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Filber, Ya’akov Halevi.
Ayelet Hashahar.
Jerusalem: Haskel, 5728.

Gazit, Shlomo.
Hamakel Vehagezer: Hamemshal Hayisre’eli Biyhudah Veshomrom
(The Stick and the Carrot: The Israeli Administration in Judea and Samaria). Tel Aviv: Zmora, Bitan, 1985.

———.
Peta’im Bemalkodet
(Trapped). Tel Aviv: Zmora-Bitan, 1999.

Golan, Matti.
The Secret Conversations of Henry Kissinger: Step-by-Step Diplomacy in the Middle East
. New York: Quadrangle/The New York Times, 1976.

———.
Shimon Peres: A Biography
, trans. Ina Friedman. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1982.

Gonen, Jay Y.
A Psychohistory of Zionism.
New York: Mason/Charter, 1975.

Gorenberg, Gershom. “Club Red.”
The New Republic
, Oct. 14, 1996, 10–12.

———.
The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount.
New York: The Free Press, 2000.

———. “The Detonator.”
The New York Times Magazine
, Dec. 29, 2003, 48–49.

———. “Requiem for a Dream?”
The Jerusalem Report
, Aug. 12, 2002, 18–21.

———. “The Terror Trap.”
The American Prospect
, Jan. 1, 2004, 13–15.

Gouri, Gila.
Derekh Umikdash.
Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1976.

Gouri, Haim.
Ad Alot Hashar
(Until the Breaking of the Day). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1950; 2000.

———.
Dapim Yerushalmiyim
. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1968.

———. “Hashivah Le’Abu Dis.”
Ha’aretz
, May 25, 2004.

———.
Shirim
(Collected Poems). Jerusalem: Bialik Institute/Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1998.

Grinberg, Lev Luis.
Hahistadrut Me’al Lakol
(The Histadrut Above All). Jerusalem: Nevo, 1993.

Gur, Motta [Mordechai].
Har Habayit Beyadenu
, ed. Gershon Rivlin. Ma’arakhot, 1973.

Gvilei Esh
, vol. 6, book 1 (Parchments of Fire: Representative Selection of Literary Works of Those Who Fell While Serving in the Israel Defense Forces, October 1973–December 1980). Ministry of Defense, 1986.

Haber, Eitan.
Hayom Tifrotz Milhamah
(Today War Will Break Out: The Reminiscenses of Brig. Gen. Israel Lior, Aide-de-Camp to Prime Ministers Levi Eshkol and Golda Meir). Tel Aviv: Edanim/Yediot Aharonot, 1987.

Hakohen [Cohen], David.
Hitnotzetzut Oro Shel Mashiah,
comp. his students at Merkaz Harav yeshivah. Jerusalem: 5728; Jerusalem: Ariel/Nezer David, 5749.

Hadari, Yona.
Mashiah Rakhuv Al Tank
(Messiah Rides a Tank: Public Thought Between the Sinai Campaign and the Yom Kippur War 1955–1975). Jerusalem: Shalom Hartman Institute, 2002.

Harel, Yehudah. “Meharamah Hasurit Leramat Hagolan.” ms.

Harell, Yehuda.
Tabenkin’s View of Socialism
, trans. Hanna Lash. Ramat Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1988.

Harel, Yisrael, and Motta [Mordechai] Gur, eds.
Sha’ar Ha’arayot: Hakrav Al Yerushalayim Bahavayat Lohamei Hativat Hatzanhanim.
Ma’arakhot, n.d.

Harnoy, Meir.
Hamitnahalim
(The Settlers). Or Yehudah: Maariv, 1994.

Herder, Johann Gottfried von.
Reflections on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind
, abridged and with an introduction by Frank E. Manuel. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1968.

Hertzberg, Arthur.
The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader.
New York: Atheneum, 1973.

Hof, Frederic C. “The Line of June 4, 1967.”
Middle East Insight
, Sept.–Oct. 1999, 17–23.

Howe, Stephen.
Empire: A Very Short Introduction.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Indig, Dov.
Mikhtavim Letalyah
(Letters to Talia), ed. Hagi Ben-Artzi. Tel Aviv: Yediot Aharonot, 2005.

Ish Shalom, Benjamin.
Tahat Hupat Barzel: Masekhet Hayyav Shel Daniel Orlik
(Under a Canopy of Iron: The Story of Daniel Orlik). Jerusalem: Moriah, 5735.

Jerusalem Report staff.
Shalom, Friend: The Life and Legacy of Yitzhak Rabin
, ed. David Horovitz. New York: Newmarket Press, 1996.

Judah Halevi [Yehudah Halevi].
The Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel
, introduction H. Slonimsky. New York: Schocken, 1964.

Kalinov, Rina, ed.
Kobi Rabinovich: Na’an, Merom Golan.
Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1981.

Kasher, Menachem M.
Hatekufah Hagedolah: Pirkei Hitbonenut Bematzav Ha’umah Ve’artzenu Hakedoshah Besha’ah Zo Uverur Makif Al Darkhei Hage’ulah Vesimaneha Al Yesod Divrei Hazal, Sifrei Harishonim Veha’aharonim
(The Great Era: A Comprehensive Study in the Position of the Jewish People, the Holy Land, and the Stages of Redemption at This Time, Based on Talmudic and Rabbinic Sources). Jerusalem: Torah Shlemah Institute, 1968.

Katz, Jacob. “The Jewish National Movement: A Sociological Analysis.”
Jewish Society Through the Ages
, ed. H. H. Ben-Sasson and S. Ettinger. New York: Schocken, 1971, 267–83.

Khouri, Fred J.
The Arab-Israeli Dilemma.
Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1968.

Kissinger, Henry.
White House Years.
Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.

———.
Years of Renewal.
New York: Touchstone, 2000.

———.
Years of Upheaval.
Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.

Klein, Menachem.
Bar-Ilan: Akademiah, Dat Upolitikah
(Bar-Ilan University Between Religion and Politics). Jerusalem: Magnes, 1998.

Knohl, Dov, ed.
Gush Etzion Bemilhamto
. Jerusalem: Religious Division of the Youth and Hehalutz Department of the World Zionist Organization, 1954.

Kollek, Teddy, with Amos Kollek.
For Jerusalem.
New York: Random House, 1978.

Kook, Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen.
Orot
. Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook, 5753.

Kook, Tzvi Yehudah Hacohen.
Lintivot Yisrael.
Jerusalem: Menorah, 5727.

Lammfromm, Arnon, and Hagai Tsoref, eds.
Levi Eshkol: Rosh Hamemshelah Hashlishi
(Levi Eshkol: The Third Prime Minister—Selected Documents 1895–1969). Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 2002.

Lieblich, Amia.
Gilgulo Shel Makom
. Tel Aviv: Schocken, 2000.

Ma’oz, Moshe.
Palestinian Leadership on the West Bank: The Changing Role of Arab Mayors Under Jordan and Israel
. London: Frank Cass, 1984.

Marx, Karl. “On the Jewish Question.”
The Marx-Engels Reader
, ed. Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton, 1972, 24–51.

Medzini, Meron.
Hayehudiah Hageah: Golda Meir Vahazon Yisrael, Biografiah Politit
(The Proud Jewess: Golda Meir and the Vision of Israel. A Political Biography). Jerusalem: Edanim, 1990.