Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (103 page)

444
 “Any of us can die”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

444
 “We had to fight”: Robert L. Hite and Jacob DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Men Want Peace and Quiet and Love Now,”
News and Courier
, Sept. 27, 1945, p. 3.

444
 Nielsen envisioned: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 58.

444
 “I would think”: Jim Arpy,” You’re to Bomb the Japanese Homeland,”
Sunday Times-Democrat
, April 12, 1964, p. 1D.

445
 “I saw red”: Barr, “Badger ‘Doolittle’ Flier Tortured by Japs Pleads for Foe,” p. 13.

445
 “Panic comes quick”: Ibid.

445
 “We could hear him”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Single Prisoner Battles,” p. 3.

445
 “My lungs, heart, liver”: Barr, “Rough Draft of a Story by Capt. George Barr.”

445
 “The perspiration poured”: Barr, “Badger ‘Doolittle’ Flier Tortured by Japs Pleads for Foe,” p. 13.

445
 “Misake was among”: Barr, “Rough Draft of a Story by Capt. George Barr.”

445
 “He took a frightful”: Barr, “Badger ‘Doolittle’ Flier Tortured by Japs Pleads for Foe,” p. 13.

446
 “After awhile”: George Barr, “Jap Brutality Dazed Badger Flier,”
Milwaukee Sentinel
, May 13, 1946, p. 4.

446
 “At times the swelling”: Chase J. Nielsen to J. H. Doolittle, Jan. 5, 1968, Box 38, Series IX, DPUT.

446
 “We began to think”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner,” p. 9.

446
 “We thought a lot”: Arpy,” You’re to Bomb the Japanese Homeland,” p. 1D.

446
 “Faith kept me alive”: Edward Oxford, “Against All Odds,”
American History Illustrated
, April 1992, p. 67.

446
 stamped with a $1.97: Jeff Wilkinson, “‘The Lord Told Me to Go Back,’”
State
, April 12, 2002, p. 1.

446
 “It was sort of like a man”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

446
 “I lived on hate”: Ibid.

446
 DeShazer echoed Hite: Jacob DeShazer as told to Don. R. Falkenberg, “I Was a Prisoner of Japan,” Bible Mediation League, 1950, Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, Ky.

446
 “The way the Japanese treated me”: Oxford, “Against All Odds,” p. 69.

446
 “We decided that we had”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner,” p. 9.

447
 “One day in my cell”: Ibid.

447
 “Hunger, starvation”: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 65.

447
 “How are you?”: This exchange comes from Wilkinson, “‘The Lord Told Me to Go Back,’” p. 1.

447
 “I was so sick”: Doug Clarke, “The Raid: Long Ago ’n’ Bombs Away,”
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
, April 18, 1982, p. 1.

447
 “Hite won’t be here”: Robert L. Hite, “Veteran’s Day Remembrances,” speech transcript, Box 3, Series II, DTRAP.

447
 “I thought I was”: Clarke, “The Raid: Long Ago ’n’ Bombs Away,” p. 1.

448
 “It was the best food”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Men Want Peace,” p. 3.

448
 There raiders landed: “North China 1407 Prison Camp,” Aug. 6, 1945, Box 57, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, Washington/Pacific Coast/Field Stations Files, NARA; “Prison #1407, in Which Doolittle Raiders Were Confined,” Oct. 3, 1945, Box 2179, RG 389, Records of the Office of Provost Marshall, American POW Information Bureau Records Branch, NARA.

448
 “hell”: Charles Albert Stewart Jr., undated statement, Box 2121, RG 389, Records of the Office of the Provost Marshall General, American POW Information Bureau Records Branch, General Subject File, 1942–46, NARA.

448
 “We were placed”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Men Want Peace,” p. 3.

448
 “Hell is on us”: Interrogation of Fleet Admiral Osami Nagano, Nov. 20, 1946, in USSBS, Naval Analysis Division,
Interrogations of Japanese Officials
, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946), p. 356.

448
 “staggers the imagination”: Statement by Lieutenant General James H. Doolittle, July 23, 1945, Box 38, DPLOC.

448
 The four-engine bomber: Foster Hailey, “Superfortress Is Largest and Swiftest Bomber in the World,”
New York Times
, June 16, 1944, p. 4; “The Mighty B-29,” ibid., Aug. 5, 1945, p. 67.

449
 America demonstrated: Bruce Rae, “Record Air Attack,”
New York Times
, March 10, 1945, p. 1; Martin Sheridan, “Giant Tokyo Fires Blackened B-29’s,” ibid., March 11, 1945, p. 14; Warren Moscow, “City’s Heart Gone,” ibid., March 11, 1945, p. 1; “Tokyo in Flames,” editorial, ibid., March 12, 1945, p. 18; USSBS,
Summary Report (Pacific War)
, pp. 16–17; Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea Cate, eds.,
The Army Air Forces in World War II
, vol. 5,
The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1983), pp. 614–17.

449
 “I have never seen”: Sheridan, “Giant Tokyo Fires Blackened B-29’s,” p. 14.

449
 In the war’s final months: “Air Might Clinched Battle of Japan,”
New York Times
, Aug. 15, 1945, p. 11; “B-29’s List Gains in Year’s Attacks,” ibid., July 17, 1945, p. 2; Craven and Cate, eds.,
The Army Air Forces in World War II
, vol. 5, pp. 751–55.

449
 “Japan eventually will be”: “Doolittle Pledges Devastated Japan,”
New York Times
, July 27, 1945, p. 6.

449
 These attacks built up: Paul W. Tibbets Jr.,
Return of the Enola Gay
(Columbus, Ohio: Mid Coast Marketing, 1998), pp. 196–244; W. H. Lawrence, “5 Plants Vanish,”
New York Times
, Aug. 8, 1945, p. 1; USSBS, Chairman’s Office,
The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946), pp. 3–10, 25; USSBS,
Summary Report (Pacific War)
, pp. 22–25.

449
 American investigators: Exact casualties in the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are difficult to determine; figures vary even within reports prepared by the USSBS. The figures used here come from the following sources: USSBS, Medical Division,
The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Health and Medical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1947), p. 57; USSBS,
The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
, p. 15.

449
 Three days later: Tibbets Jr.,
Return of the Enola Gay
, pp. 241–44; USSBS,
The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Health and Medical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
, p. 57; USSBS,
The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
, pp. 3–5.

450
 DeShazer awoke: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 82; DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

450
 Beriberi had stricken: Aug. 25, 1945, message, and Medical Report, Aug. 29, 1945, both in Box 187, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, Field Station Files, NARA.

450
 “What shall I pray about?”: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 82.

450
 “You don’t need”: Ibid., p. 83; DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

CHAPTER 26

451
 “The recent uninvited”: “Fuehrer Hitler Speaks,” editorial,
Osaka Mainichi
, April 29, 1942, p. 4.

451
 Ray Nichols looked down: Melvin Richter and Ray N. Nichols to Strategic Services Officer OSS/CT, “Informal Report on Magpie Mission,” Box 49, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, NARA; “The Men of the Magpie Mission,” undated, Box 187, ibid.

451
 The team’s mission: Headquarters, Office of Strategic Services, China Theater, APO 627, “Operation Magpie,” Aug. 13, 1945, ibid.

451
 Magpie was just one: Ronald H. Spector,
In the Ruins of Empire: The Japanese Surrender and the Battle for Postwar Asia
(New York: Random House, 2007), pp. 6–15.

452
 The B-24 had lifted off: Airdrop Manifest, Magpie, Aug. 13, 1945, Box 218, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, NARA.

452
 “The weather was perfect”: F. G. Jarman Jr. to Carroll Glines, April 19, 1965, in Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 191.

452
 To prepare officials: Dick Hamada, “Japanese-American Soldier for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS),” in Hoppes, comp.,
Just Doing My Job
, pp. 320–21.

452
 “the nuns found”: Melvin Richter and Ray N. Nichols to Strategic Services Officer OSS/CT, “Informal Report on Magpie Mission.”

452
 In addition, team members: F. G. Jarman Jr. to Carroll Glines, April 19, 1965, in Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 192.

452
 “We were low enough”: Ibid., p. 191.

452
 “Happy hunting!”: Hamada, “Japanese-American Soldier for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS),” in Hoppes, comp.,
Just Doing My Job
, p. 321.

452
 “The plane circled once more”: F. G. Jarman Jr. to Carroll Glines, April 19, 1965, in Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 191.

452
 “A long shot rang out”: Melvin Richter and Ray N. Nichols to Strategic Services Officer OSS/CT, “Informal Report on Magpie Mission.”

453
 “What is going on here?”: This exchange comes from Hamada, “Japanese-American Soldier for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS),” in Hoppes, comp.,
Just Doing My Job
, p. 322.

453
 “with much flourish”: Melvin Richter and Ray N. Nichols to Strategic Services Officer OSS/CT, “Informal Report on Magpie Mission.”

453
 “The General”: Ibid.

453
 “Relations were courteous”: Ibid.

453
 “During all this day”: Ibid.

453
 “We are anxious”: This exchange is ibid.

454
 Nichols messaged: Aug. 19, 1945, message, and Aug. 20, 1945, message, Box 187, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, Shanghai Intelligence Files, NARA.

454
 “It was much like calling”: Melvin Richter and Ray N. Nichols to Strategic Services Officer OSS/CT, “Informal Report on Magpie Mission.”

454
 “Give it to ’em, lads”: Ibid.

454
 “While all this discussion”: Ibid.

455
 “We watched them”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Men Want,” p. 3.

455
 “Ima amata watachi tomoduce”: Ibid.

455
 “We had to stand up”: Ibid.

455
 “You can go”: Ibid.

455
 “We were so happy”: Ibid.

455
 “He looks like an American”: This exchange comes from Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.

456
 “A smiling little Chinese”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Men Want Peace,” p. 3.

456
 “Lord, that was so good!”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

456
 “To us”: Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.

456
 “From now on”: This exchange comes from DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

456
 “Have secured release”: Aug. 21, 1945, message, Box 187, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, Field Station Files, NARA.

457
 “Theater desires”: Aug. 23, 1945, message, ibid.

457
 “Hallmark, Farrow and Spatz”: Aug. 25, 1945, message, ibid.

457
 “There is nothing”: H. H. Arnold to Ollie D. Hallmark, Sept. 26, 1945.

457
 The navigator’s weight: “George Barr, 50; in Raid on Tokyo,”
New York Times
, July 13, 1967, p. 37.

457
 “He arrived in a state”: Medical Report, Aug. 29, 1945, Box 187, RG 226, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, Field Station Files, NARA.

457
 “Present condition”: Ibid.

457
 “I would then gently”: Karel Frederik Mulder to James Doolittle, April 21, 1964, Box 1, Series IX, DTRAP.

458
 “Brought back a load”: Jack Van Norman diary, Aug. 25, 1945, Box 2, Series XII, DTRAP.

458
 News of the rescue: “4 Doolittle Fliers Saved,”
New York Times
, Aug. 22, 1945, p. 1.

458
 “The three men”: “3 Doolittle Fliers Weak But Happy,”
New York Times
, Aug. 26, 1945, p. 5.

458
 “They looked at first glance”: “Doolittle Men Tell of Dark Prison Years,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, Aug. 26, 1945, p. 1.

458
 “It’s good to get”: Ibid.

458
 “I feel that I’m”: Ibid.

458
 “He was a different”: Ibid.

458
 “Three members”: Albert Wedemeyer to General Doolittle, Aug. 25, 1945, Box 21, DPLOC.

458
 Hite, Nielsen, and DeShazer: Press Release, “First Three ‘Doolittle’ Fliers Return from Jap Prison Camp,” Sept. 5, 1945, Iris #01010163, AFHRA.

459
 “Their gaunt”: Sidney Shalett, “Doolittle Fliers Describe ‘Hell’ of 40 Months as War Prisoners,”
New York Times
, Sept. 6, 1945, p. 17.

459
 “I was convinced”: George Barr, “Jap Brutality Dazed Badger Flier,”
Milwaukee Sentinel
, May 13, 1946, p. 4.

459
 “I was a bed patient”: Ibid.

459
 “Awoke suddenly”: Nurses’ Report, in Glines,
Four Came Home
, p. 189.

459
 “All my past suspicions”: Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 198.

459
 Barr saw his chance: Ibid., pp. 198–99.

460
 “I was regaining”: Barr, “Jap Brutality Dazed Badger Flier,” p. 4.

460
 “Why don’t I see”: Ibid.

460
 “This is a trick”: Ibid.