Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (99 page)

372
 “Don’t tell a soul”: James Doolittle, transcript of speech, June 1, 1942, Box 23, DPLOC.

372
 “He not only made”: J. H. Kindelberger to Mrs. J. H. Doolittle, June 4, 1942, Box 64, Series IX, DPUT.

373
 a mission so dramatic: Howard Hawks to H. H. Arnold, March 22, 1943, and Jack L. Warner to H. H. Arnold, April 23, 1943, both on Microfilm Roll #165, HHAP.

373
 “the plain, honest American face”: “The Man from Nowhere,” editorial,
Chicago Daily Tribune
, May 21, 1942, p. 12.

373
 The Rotary Club: J. H. Doolittle to Louis L. Roth, March 15, 1943, Box 19, DPLOC.

373
 San Diego Consistory: James K. Remick to Josephine Doolittle, July 30, 1943, and J. H. Doolittle to James K. Remick, Aug. 31, 1943, both ibid.

373
 The Dayton district commissioner: Al Kolleda to James Doolittle, Nov. 6, 1943, and James Doolittle to Al Kolleda, Dec. 3, 1943, both ibid.

373
 Fan mail arrived: Samples of the mail Doolittle received are on file in Box 19 of his papers at the Library of Congress and in Box 64, Series IX, of his papers at the University of Texas.

373
 An Oklahoma woman: Mrs. Homer L. Piper to James Doolittle, Oct. 11, 1943, Box 2, Series I, DPUT.

373
 Total strangers wrote: John Mitseff to James Doolittle, Aug. 19, 1943, with “The World Will Be Free,” Box 19, DPLOC.

373
 “There is a man”: Patsy Browning, May 1942, untitled poem, Box 3, Series VII, DPUT.

373
 “Doolittle did plenty”: Tony Mele, undated poem, Box 19, DPLOC.

374
 “My son gets in a fight”: Everett Hastings to James Doolittle, June 28, 1943, ibid.

374
 Doolittle’s fame grew so much: George A. Schneider to James Doolittle, Sept. 18, 1943, ibid.

374
 A newly incorporated: “Doolittle Honors General Doolittle,”
Windsor Daily Star
, Oct. 12, 1946, p. 2.

374
 “We may not be big”: James Doolittle, transcript of speech, Oct. 11, 1946, Box 7, Series IV, DPUT.

374
 “I deeply appreciate”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 22

375
 “One cannot imagine”: Louis Bereswill to sister and niece, Jan. 29, 1943, Box 1, Louis Bereswill Personnel Files, DeAndreis-Rosati Memorial Archives (DRMA), Special Collections and Archives Department, DePaul University Library, Chicago, Ill.

375
 Japanese leaders fumed: Headquarters, USAFFE and Eighth U.S. Army (Rear), “Army Operations in China: December 1941–December 1943,” Japanese Monograph #71, pp. 78–127.

375
 “The primary mission”: Ibid., p. 85.

376
 “The captured areas”: Ibid., p. 86.

376
 “When the Japs come”: “Fr. Vandenberg, C.M., Tells Story of Journey,”
De Andrein
13, no. 7 (April 1943): 3.

376
 American priest: “Priest Here Saw Japs Ravage, Burn, Kill after Doolittle’s Raid,”
Milwaukee Journal
, May 26, 1943, p. 1L; “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943, NBC, recorded from the broadcast of KDKA, Pittsburgh, J. David Goldin Collection; Affidavit of Wendelin Dunker, Dec. 1, 1966, Box 2, Vincentian Foreign Mission Society Files, DRMA.

376
 “They came to us on foot”: “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943.

376
 The arrival of the raiders: “Priest Here Saw Japs Ravage, Burn, Kill after Doolittle’s Raid,” p. 1L; “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943; Wendelin J. Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker, C.M. and the Continuation of Life Experiences While Stationed in China,” unpublished memoir, pp. 21–22; “Fr. Vandenberg, C.M., Tells Story of Journey,” p. 3.

377
 “Where are the Americans?”: “Priest Here Saw Japs Ravage, Burn, Kill after Doolittle’s Raid,” p. 1L.

377
 “Come on!”: “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943.

377
 “It was a mad screaming”: Ibid.

377
 “Ihwang was in the mountains”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” p. 21.

378
 “The Japs are here”: Ibid., p. 24.

378
 “Was out the back gate”: Wendelin Dunker to parents, Aug. 18, 1942, Box 2, Wendelin Dunker Personnel Files, DRMA.

378
 “We thought we were fast”: Ibid.

378
 “Believe me”: Wendelin Dunker to John O’Shea, July 23, 1942, Box 1a, Wendelin Dunker Personnel Files, DRMA.

378
 “Bullets whistled over”: “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943.

378
 “When we stopped”: Wendelin Dunker to John O’Shea, July 23, 1942.

378
 “The more I thought”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” p. 27.

378
 “The Lord was with us”: Wendelin Dunker to John O’Shea, July 23, 1942.

378
 “When I entered”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” p. 28.

379
 “in body if not in mind”: Wendelin Dunker to John O’Shea, July 23, 1942.

379
 “I had to ride”: Wendelin Dunker to parents, Aug. 18, 1942.

379
 “It was half way up”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” p. 30.

379
 “We found a package”: “Bishop Tells of Jap Torture in Wake of Doolittle Raid,”
Chicago Sun
, Sept. 26, 1943, in Box 1, Charles Quinn Personnel Files, DRMA.

380
 “With haste we moved”: William C. Stein photo commentary, May 3, 1995, Box 1, William Stein Personnel Files, DRMA.

380
 “Bill, what are we to do?”: Ibid.

380
 “Under the tutorage”: Ibid.

380
 “All of us lost”: Ibid.

380
 “What a scene”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” pp. 32–33.

381
 “They shot any man”: Ibid., pp. 31–32.

381
 “Things were dumped”: Wendelin Dunker to John O’Shea, July 23, 1942.

381
 “If you are unfortunate”: Ibid.

381
 “The sight”: “Bishop Tells of Jap Torture in Wake of Doolittle Raid.”

381
 “Death came in horrible”: Clancy M’Quigg, “Japs Execute 250,000 Chinese over Tokyo Raid,”
Chicago Herald-American
, in Box 1, Vincent Smith Personnel Files, DRMA.

381
 “Jap soldiers”: William Charles Quinn, “Bishop Tells More Japanese Atrocities,”
Chicago Herald-American
, in Box 1, Charles Quinn Personnel Files, DRMA.

382
 Quinn returned: William C. Quinn, “Damage in the Vicariate of Yukiang during the Japanese Occupation in 1942,” March 31, 1947, Box 2, Vincentian Foreign Mission Society Files, DRMA; Affidavit of Wendelin Dunker, Dec. 1, 1966, ibid.; Hazel MacDonald, “China Bishop Here Tells Jap Horrors,”
Chicago Times
, Sept. 26, 1943, in Box 1, Charles Quinn Personnel Files, DRMA.

382
 “In a pond”: M’Quigg, “Japs Execute 250,000 Chinese over Tokyo Raid.”

382
 The Japanese had bayoneted: MacDonald, “China Bishop Here Tells Jap Horrors.”

382
 “human candles”: Charles L. Meeus, “‘God Will Punish Them’: Aftermath of Doolittle’s Tokio Raid—II,”
China at War
12, no. 3 (March 1944): 33.

382
 “The total number”: Quinn, “Damage in the Vicariate of Yukiang during the Japanese Occupation in 1942.”

382
 The walled city of Nancheng: “Japan’s Chekiang-Kiangsi Campaign in 1942, as Reported in the Chinese Press,” Sept. 6, 1943, Box 495, RG 226, Office of Strategic Services, Intelligence Reports, 1941–45, NARA.

382
 “the Rape of Nancheng”: Frederick A. McGuire, “Fire and Sword in Eastern Kiangsi: Aftermath of Doolittle’s Tokyo Raid—I,”
China at War
12, no. 2 (Feb. 1944): 27.

382
 “For one month”: Ibid., p. 28.

382
 At the end: Charles H. Corbett, “A Case Study in Japanese Devastation: Chekiang and Kiangsi in August, 1942,” Sept. 1943, United States Preparatory Studies on United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Box 960, RG 169, Records of the Economic Intelligence Division, NARA; “Japan’s Chekiang-Kiangsi Campaign in 1942, as Reported in the Chinese Press,” Sept. 6, 1943; McGuire, “Fire and Sword in Eastern Kiangsi,” pp. 27–29; Wilfred G. Burchett,
Democracy with a Tommygun
(Melbourne, Australia: F. W. Cheshire, 1946), pp. 66–67.

383
 “Broken doors”: “Japan’s Chekiang-Kiangsi Campaign in 1942, as Reported in the Chinese Press,” Sept. 6, 1943.

383
 “bloody spear”: Chennault,
Way of a Fighter
, p. 169.

383
 Enemy forces looted: “Japan’s Chekiang-Kiangsi Campaign in 1942, as Reported in the Chinese Press,” Sept. 6, 1943; Corbett, “A Case Study in Japanese Devastation”; Burchett,
Democracy with a Tommygun
, pp. 63–64; Chennault,
Way of a Fighter
, p. 169.

383
 “The thoroughness”: “Japanese Invasion of China: Reminiscences,” Box 1, China and Taiwan Missions Files, DRMA.

383
 “Like a swarm”: Dunker, “The Life of Wendelin Joseph Dunker,” p. 32.

383
 Outside of this punitive: “Japan’s Chekiang-Kiangsi Campaign in 1942, as Reported in the Chinese Press,” Sept. 6, 1943.

383
 In Yintang: Meeus, “‘God Will Punish Them,’” p. 32.

383
 “They killed”: Charles L. Meeus, “A Bridge between Free Peoples,”
Reader’s Digest
, May 1944, back cover.

383
 In the town of Kweiyee: Meeus, “‘God Will Punish Them,’” pp. 32–33.

384
 “I cannot tell”: M’Quigg, “Japs Execute 250,000 Chinese over Tokyo Raid.”

384
 “The whole countryside”: “Japanese Vengeance Described by Priest,”
New York Times
, May 26, 1943, p. 3.

384
 Troops beat and starved: MacDonald, “China Bishop Here Tells Jap Horrors”; “Two Friends from Orient Meet in Chicago,”
New World
, Oct. 1, 1943, in Box 1, Charles Quinn Personnel Files, DRMA.

384
 “You want to go”: “Two Friends from Orient Meet in Chicago.”

384
 The Japanese looted: Quinn, “Damage in the Vicariate of Yukiang during the Japanese Occupation in 1942.”

384
 “Christ is defeated”: Meeus, “‘God Will Punish Them,’” p. 33.

384
 “It was a fearful sight”: “The March of Time,” May 27, 1943.

384
 “bullet contest”: Meeus, “‘God Will Punish Them,’” p. 31.

384
 The Japanese found: Ibid.

384
 “Little did”: Ibid.

385
 The Japanese flew: Corbett, “A Case Study in Japanese Devastation.”

385
 “Out of twenty-eight”: Ibid.

385
 “Yushan was once”: William Stein letter to family, Aug. 15, 1943, Box 1, William Stein Personnel File, DRMA.

385
 A clandestine outfit: Background on Unit 731 comes from Peter Williams and David Wallace,
Unit 731: Japan’s Secret Biological Warfare in World War II
(New York: Free Press, 1989), pp. 5–20; Sheldon H. Harris,
Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–45, and the American Cover-Up
(London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 13–48; Indictment and Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army Charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons
(Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1950), pp. 7–37, 405–66.

386
 At full capacity: Testimonies of Kiyoshi Kawashima and Tomio Karasawa, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 56, 254, 267.

386
 To test these awful germs: Testimonies of Takeo Tachibana and Satoru Kurakazu and the Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov, ibid, pp. 360–68, 426–37.

386
 The Japanese often kept: Harris,
Factories of Death
, p. 50.

386
 At Pingfan: Ibid., p. 48; Testimony of Kiyoshi Kawashima, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 56–57, 256–58.

386
 As a macabre souvenir: Nicholas D. Kristof, “Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity,”
New York Times
, March 17, 1995, p. A1.

386
 “No one”: Testimony of Kiyoshi Kawashima, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, p. 116.

386
 Experiments ran the gamut: Testimonies of Toshihide Nishi, Yoshio Furuichi, Satoru Kurakazu, and the Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov, ibid., pp. 289–90, 357–58, 367–68, 426–37; Williams and Wallace,
Unit 731
, p. 49.

386
 Researchers fed prisoners: Testimonies of Toshihide Nishi and Yoshio Furuichi, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 286, 356; Harris,
Factories of Death
, p. 62.

386
 At other times: Testimonies of Tomio Karasawa and Toshihide Nishi, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 268–69, 289–90.

386
 “The fellow knew”: Kristof, “Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity,” p. A1.

386
 Researchers struggled: Testimonies of Toshihide Nishi and Ryuji Kajitsuka, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 290, 298–99; Williams and Wallace,
Unit 731
, pp. 20–25.

386
 Researchers at Unit 731: Testimony of Kiyoshi Kawashima and Finding of the Experts, in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, pp. 255–56, 400–401.

387
 Ishii tested those theories: Testimonies of Tomio Karasawa and Toshihide Nishi and the Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov, ibid., pp. 269–70, 287–88, 437–40; Chen Wen-Kuei, “Memorandum on Certain Aspects of Japanese Bacterial Warfare,” in “Report of the International Scientific Commission for the Investigation of the Facts concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China,” Peking, 1952, p. 213.

387
 After returning from Tokyo: Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov in
Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army
, p. 441.

387
 The plan was to target: Testimonies of Kiyoshi Kawashima, Tomio Karasawa, Yoshio Furuichi, Takayuki Mishina, and Speech by the State Prosecutor L. N. Smirnov, ibid., pp. 260–62, 270–71, 353–55, 386–89, 441–44.