Taliban (41 page)

Jowzjan militia 148, 178

judicial killings, Ghazi football stadium 87, 89–90

Jung, Franz Josef 228

Kaambakhsh, Sayed Parwez 256

Kabraji, Shahpur, on Predator drone assassinations 234

Kabul 2010

visit 195–212

attacks, bin Laden finance 127

Chak 355

cosmopolitan period 80–1 dilapidated 259–60

ex-mujahideen and, 1994 23–5 football stadium executions 17 hotels bombed 195–8, 199

Mullah Omar and 81

Taliban assault/ capture 45, 62–3

US air bombardment 148

Kabul–kandahar highway 355–8, 360,361

Kadir, Hajji Abdul 327

Kajaki dam 180

Kalimzai, Wahedullah 373

Kandahar 2003

counter-attack 168–9

Ahmed Wali and 251–2

airbase, prisoners mistreatment 220–2

bandits overcome 25–36

bin Laden at 126–7

Canadians in 172

capture from Taliban 147

final stand 149

Kabul Darwaza Square massacre 26

Mullah Omar's 'Special Office' 132–6, 141–2

Sarposa jail, mass breakout 185–6

Unocal at 109

Karzai, Ahmed Wali 251–2

Karzai, Hamid

and 2009 election 249–53 and Fahim 261

and fundamentalism 257 and Haqqani 170–1

and Hazrat Ali 328 and India 163

and Maldives meeting 289–91

and negotiated settlement prospects 2010 213–15

and Transitional Authority 161 anti-US tirade 253–4

government 189

and opium 107

political appointments 330–1

unable to form 250–3

in Tarin Kot 155

Khawasi on 285

on dialogue with Taliban 385

on Quetta Taliban 166

on Taliban 254–5, 366

public opinion 171

Kashmir 53

Kenya, al-Qaida US embassy attacks 118

KHAD (KGB client) 261, 267–9

Khadim ul Furqan 310, 313

Khalili, Kharim 238, 318

Khalilzad, Zalmay 109, 163, 166

and Zahir Shah 337

Khataba village, night raid victims 229

McRaven's apology 231–2

Khawaja, Khalid 54

Khawasi, Abdul-Sattar 282–92

Khomenei, Ayatollah 115

Khost

suicide bomb attack 184

US missile attack 119

Khyber Pass 41

Koh-i-Asmai 199

kohl use, Pashtuns 48, 49

Kucinich, Dennis, on McChrystal 200

Kunduz

buying ammunition from enemy 178

fuel transporter bombing 228

Pakistan airlift from 157 resistance 149

Taliban in 270

Lamb, Christina 139

landmines

Taliban ban 92

see also
IEDs

Lashkar Gah 180

Lashkar-e-Toiba 198

Leadership Council 169–70

Leghari, Farooq 38

Leno, Mavis, and anti-Taliban lobbying campaign 55

Lindh, John Walker (Sulayman al-Faris) 152

Lockerbie bombing, compensation payments 227

Lockhart, Clare 162

Lucas, Adrian 190–1

Lucas, Alec 190–1

Luttrell, Petty Officer Marcus 129

Macdonald, Norine 270 madrasah system 29, 68–70

and war orphans 65–9

Maiwand, Battle of 174

Maiwand district, bandit cleansing 32–5

Maldives conference 214, 287–92

Malik Pahlawan, General 113

Mansur, Khaled, on famine 138

Mansur, Saifur Rehman 170

Marjah 205–6, 270, 383–4

marriage, inter-racial 125–6

martyrdom, Taliban and 62–3

Mashrano Jirga (Upper House) 311

Massoud, Ahmed Shah 62, 131–2, 204, 260

lionization 274–81

Omar offers compromise 241

Maududi, Syed Abul A'ala 297

Mazar-i-Sharif 302–8

1997 visit 72–4

Rumsfeld at 69–71

Taliban and 112–17, 131

Unocal at 109

US air attack 147–9

Mazari, Abdul Ali 28, 240

McChrystal, General Stanley

command issues 233, 235–6

Counterinsurgency Guidance
212, 230

on negotiation possibilities 189–90

on Operation Moshtaraq 383

orders night raids end 229–30, 232–3

troops surge 199–212

McRaven, Vice-Admiral William, apology to Khataba family 231–2

Mecca talks 224–5, 314

MEDCAP programme 175–6 media, Taliban and 73–9

Mehsud, Hakimullah 123 mercenary units 233

military construction projects, wealth from 264–6

Miller, Marty 109

Millian Bullets
, A 359

Mines and Industries Ministry, Zaeef and 104–7

Mirwais (Afghan-American) 197 mission creep, Taliban and 80

Mohammad, Abdul 27–8

Mohammad, Neda 28

Mohmand people 340–2

Morocco, Jami'at al-Qarawiyyin madrasah 69

mousetrap mines 110

Mujadeddi, Sibghatullah 288

mujahideen 102, 104, 125, 177, 246

1980s insurgency 51

CIA finance 51

former 24–35, 45, 274–5, 287, 367

and Kabul 1994 23–6

Taliban as 238, 243–5

Tajik 110–11, 204, 264

see also
Harakat; Hizb-i-Islami

Mullah Akhtar Mohammed Mansour 387–8

Mullah Allah Mohammed 348–53

Mullar Naim 362–80

Mullah Omar
see
Omar, Mullah

Mohammad

Mullen, Admiral Mike 251

Munguia, Ricardo 169

Musa Qala 176–7, 180

anti-tank mines 184

Musharraf, General Pervez 50

and Bush 157

and Quetta Taliban 166

and Taliban remnant 163

and War on Terror 156–7

on 9/11 US response 146

Muslimyar, Mohammed Zahir 288

Mustafa, Crown Prince 337

Muttawakil, Wakil Ahmad 140–1, 142, 143–4

Nabi, Mullah Mohammed 316

Naimatullah, on Marjah 384

Najibullah, Mohammad

and KHAD 268

murder 63–4

Nangarhar province 326–34

Naqib, Mullah 26, 36

Nasir Bagh refugee camp 57

National Directorate of Security (NDS) 196, 267–74, 369

and journalists 269–73

prisoner torture 272–4

Nato Coalition 79, 173, 355, 360, 361, 366, 368, 377

airpower 182–3, 227, 234, 235

aggressive image 191

2010 Lisbon summit 385

see also
ISAF; night raids; specific forces and operations

natural disasters 132, 138

Nawaz Sharif, Mian Muhammad 38–40, 50

negotiation 14–19

Obama on 293

possibilities 189–90, 213–16

talks, Mecca 224–5

New York Times
166

Niazi, Mullah 114

night raids, US Special Forces 228–32, 235

9/11 attacks

unexpected by Taliban 143–4, 145

US response 145–8

Northern Alliance 72, 82

CIA support 146–9, 150

empowerment 161, 163

war against 110–18

Now Zad 180, 181

nuclear attack issues 145–6

Obaidullah, Mullah 103, 170

Obama, Barack

Afghan strategy review options 367, 384–5, 386

and negotiation possibilities 189 and troop surge 251

Kabul visit 211–12, 251

on talks with militants 293

orders increased search-and-destroy missions 232–3

promise to close Guantanamo 246

reopens Dasht-i-Leili affair 154

time limits McChrystal's surge 202–3

oil interests 19

and Taliban 108–10, 118

Olson, Admiral Eric, on search-and- destroy missions 232, 233

Omar, Mullah Mohammad 13, 15, 355, 366–7, 368

2003 counter-attack 168–74

2010 Eid al–Adha address 387–8

and Kabul 81

and Leadership Council 169–70

and Osama bin Laden 118, 120, 124–31, 142–3

and peace talks 215–17

and Prophet's cloak 42–4

and religious police control 96–7

and suicide bombers 183–4

as Amir ul-Mu'mineen 42–4, 81, 83, 103, 143, 216–17, 236–7

at Quetta 165

see also
Quetta shura

at Sangisar 30–6 command issues 236–7

decrees, different signatures 135–6

escape on motorbike 155

Osman on 132–6, 143

Shinwari on 336, 339 website 79

Zaeef and 30–5, 117–18

Operation Enduring Freedom 146–50, 158, 168

Operation Herrick 174

Operation Moshtaraq 201–12, 383

Operation Omid 205–12, 383

opium production, economic issues 105–7

opium trade
see
poppy trade opium users, Afghanistan 107

Osman, Tariq, on Mullah Omar 132–6, 141–3

Oxfam 41, 47, 72–3

Pakistan

1996 general election 38–41

Afghan refugees in 52

al-Qaida and 122, 123–4

and India 53

and Northern Alliance 163

and Taliban 1996 46–54, 113

and Taliban resurgence 163–7

and War on Terror 155–7

army, US aid 156

effect of al-Qaida 53–4

ISI
see
Inter Service Intelligence (ISI)

population growth 40–1

see also
Quetta

Pakistan Muslim League 38–9

Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 38

Pakistani Taliban 368

on overseas targets 123

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 54

Zakir's mission to 247–8

Panetta, Leon, on Predator drone assassinations 233–4

Panjshir valley 131–2

Panjshiri Tajiks, at Bonn talks 161

Panjwayi district, bandit cleansing 32–5

Pashtuns

and higher education 298–9 and hospitality 354

and television 78

childhood, Ghani Khan on 111–12

Churchill on 211

culture

and inter-racial marriage 125–6

and Islam 57–8, 61–2

and women 57, 61–2, 89, 92–8

identity 58–62

humility 217–18

misunderstood by US 206–11

Pashtunwali (behavioural code) 57–8, 60–2

badal (obligation to seek revenge) 32

melmastia (obligation to show hospitality) 212

namus (obligation to uphold honour of women) 77, 93

nanawatai (offering of sanctuary) 128–30

underrepresented at Bonn talks 161

peace plans, concurrent 214–15

peace prospects 2010, Zaeef on 225–7, 238–43

People's Assembly (Wolesi Jirga) 282–7

Peshawar 1996

visit 41–50

bin Laden at 125

Taliban presence 46–54

Peters, Gretchen, on opium trade 106,107

Petraeus, General David 15

and McChrystal plan 366, 368

Counterinsurgency Field Manual
202,293

on Afghanistan and al-Qaida 192

on troops withdrawal 384–5

Pipex, Taliban internet service 141

Pir Mohammed (bandit) 35 political appointments, Karzai and 330–1

Pollywood (Peshawar cinema industry) 332–3

poppy trade

Fahim and 260–1

Helmand 173, 176

Northern Alliance and 150

Shirzai and 328

Predator drone assassinations 233

presidential election 249–52

Abdullah Abdullah on 279–81

prisoners, US mistreatment 220–3

Prophet, The

as orphan 65

cloak, Mullah Omar and 42–4

grave destroyed by Abd-al-Wahhab140

public opinion, manipulation 79

Pul-i-Charkhi jail

Bahir in 292

KHAD prison 267–8

Punjab, visit 39–41

Qadir, Hajji Abdul 62

Qala-i-Jangi fort, prisoners 151–3

Qudus, Abdul 28

Quetta shura 169–70, 183, 215–16, 377

and suicide bomb campaign 182–3

deaths 234

Quraishi, Najibullah, on Kunduz

insurgents 245

Qureishi, Zenat (Karzai's wife) 257

Rabbani, Burhanuddin 288, 302

Rabbani, Mullah Mohammad 64

and ceasefire 81–2

de facto Prime Minister 81–2

Rabbani government

alliance with Hekmatyar 45–6

jihad against 42–6

Hotak and 316

Radio Sharia 84, 97

Radio Spinghar 330

radios, British, distribution 175

Rafeh, Ustad 259

on Pashtun history 208, 210

Rafiullah Muazzin 84

Rahimullah 369

Rahmani, Arsala 310–15

and Khadim ul Furqan 310

Rand Corporation, and Taliban 109

Rashid, Ahmed, on Taliban and women 94

Razaq, Abdul 64

Reagan, Ronald, and Haqqani 171

Red Cross 92, 169

on Iranian diplomats 116

at Bagram 222

Red Mosque siege 68

regional neighbours, not consulted 162–3

Regional Command South, ISAF 172–3

Reid, John, on Helmand 173 reintegration programme 206

Rex, Major Dan 273

Rice, Condoleezza 146–7

Richards, General David, on Afganistan 384

on Helmand 173–4

roads, toll extortion 24–5, 34–5

Rome Group 161

Rubin, Barnett 162

Rumsfeld, Donald 149

and madrasahs 69–71

on end of major combat 167

response to 9/11 145

reduces forces 172

rural aid failures 159

Rwanda massacre 24

Saddam Hussein, and Kuwait 24

Safi Landmark hotel bombing 195–7, 201, 269

Saleh (bandit leader) 25, 28, 33, 35

Saleh, Amrullah 273

Salim, Qari Barakatullah, girls' school 95–6, 97–8

Sami ul-Haq, Maulana 68

SAMs (Surface-to-air missiles) 367

Sangin 180

Sangisar, Mullah Omar at 30–5

Sarobi minefield, assault on 62

Sarposa jail, mass breakout 185–6

Saudi Arabia

Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, King 213–14, 224, 291

and bin Laden trial negotiations 131

Ikhwan militia 304, 305

recognizes Taliban government 113

peace talks

Rahmani on 314–15

Arghandiwal on 299

Sayed Abad 364

security improvement, aid workers 56

Semple, Michael, on HIA 309–10

Shah Baran 25

Shah, Mufti Mohin 330–2

Shahabuddin, Maulawi Delawar 323,324

Sharia law

and opium 105–6

establishment 15, 32–3, 49, 80, 82, 191