Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking (130 page)

BOOK: Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking
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Chapter 5

The contributions by Barsalou, Clark, Damasio, Gibbs, Glenberg, Harnad, Johnson, Lakoff, Overton, Pecher and Zwaan, Sweetser, Varela, Zhong, and their colleagues are concerned with the role of embodiment in cognition. On the topics of generalization and induction, the books by Bartha, Feeney and Heit, George, Kahneman, and Sloman, as well as that by Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett, and Thagard, are relevant, as are the articles by Holyoak and colleagues, by Osherson and Smith, and by Rips. The works by Arnaud, Baars, Cutler, Erard, Fromkin, Hofstadter and Moser, Rossi and Peter-Defare, and Rumelhart and Norman deal with speech errors and action errors and the psychological mechanisms underlying those phenomena. Bassok, Clément, Novick, and Richard and Zamani explore the role of unconscious presumptions in problem-solving. Finally, the books by Chu, Krishnamurti, and Serafini explore, each in its own highly personal fashion, the limits of human imagination.

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Chapter 6

The works by Bassok, Dunbar, Forbus and Gentner (and their colleagues), Gick, Holyoak, Keane, Novick, Ross, Sander, and Thagard concern the classical source–target paradigm and its limitations, as well as the relationships between external surface and internal structure. This question is also dealt with in the contribution by Chalmers, French, and Hofstadter. The books by French and by Mitchell, as well as the article by Hofstadter and Mitchell, describe the Copycat microdomain and the related Tabletop microdomain, and the computational modeling of the creation of analogies. The latter topic is also dealt with by Falkenhainer, Forbus, and Gentner. The set of studies by Coulson, by Fauconnier, by Fauconnier and Sweetser, and by Fauconnier and Turner collectively present a rich vision of frame-blending and conceptual integration and demonstrate the pervasiveness of these phenomena in human thought. Khong, Record, and Suganami deal with the use of analogies in politics, while the books by Kahneman, by Bonneforn, and by Sloman, as well as that by Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett, and Thagard, deal with the importance of non-deductive reasoning in cognition. The books by Locke and Booth and by Weaver, as well as those by Hofstadter, are dedicated to the topic of translation as carried out by humans and by machines. Finally, Grothe contains a wide sampling of analogies, including a fair number of caricature analogies.

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