Shake Hands With the Devil (93 page)

disappeared, 463

enforcement of
KWSA
, 160

meeting with, 77, 381–2

response to mob violence, 189–91

new world order, 50

Ngirumpatse, Mathieu, 142–3, 149

Ngondore refugee camp, 129

Nix, Brigadier General Jack, 485

Nkezabera, Ephrem, 346–7, 370

non-governmental organization (
NGO
), 54, 173, 299, 354, 415, 447, 492–4

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (
NATO
), 17, 33, 38

Nsabimana, Major General Déogratias, 68, 77, 148–9, 170–2, 202

Ntagerura, André, 162–4

Ntambyauro, Agnès, 133

Ntaryamira, Cyprien, 224

Ntwiragaba, Colonel, 169

Nyamirambo, Rwanda, 413

Nzamurambaho, Fréderic, 132

Nzirorera, Joseph, 149

Obote, Milton, 155

Official Languages Act (Canada), 34

Ogata, Sadako, 493–4

Opération Amaryllis, 282

Operation Clean Corridor, 126–7, 129–30

Operation Silverback, 287

Opération Turquoise, 427, 431–40

ambush of, 444–5, 458

colonial traditions, 451

Dallaire's assessment of, 433

departure of, 507

and humanitarian aid, 474, 483

liaison team in Force
HQ
, 466

main base, 448–9

mandate, 450–2, 457–8

neutrality of, 459

Orbinski, Dr. James, 297, 413, 440, 454

Organization of African Unity (
OAU
), 43, 77–9, 321, 436

orphanages, 1–4, 412–13

orphan rescue, 367–71, 383, 407, 413, 418, 442

Oxfam, 333

packages from home, 128, 353, 458, 488

Pakistani Blue Berets, 147

Parti libéral (
PL
), 61, 115, 123, 132–3, 139–40, 194

Pazik, Major Marek, 279, 350

PDC, 132

PDI, 211

peacekeeping missions (Canada), 40–2.
See also
chapter-six peacekeeping

Pearson, Lester, 40–1

Pédanou, Macaire, 55–6, 77–8

Pelletier, Jean, 36

Perry, William, 489

Pescheira, Suzanne, 336

Petrie, Charles, 402–3, 447, 449–52, 493

Pinsky, Hélène, 61, 128, 140, 232

PL
.
See
Parti libéral (
PL
)

Plains of Abraham, 45

Plante, Major Jean-Guy, 304, 332, 363

Polish Mission massacre, 279–81, 284, 310

political analysis lacking, 62, 101

political head of
UNAMIR
, 96, 98, 433.
See also
Booh-Booh, Jacques-Roger

political impasse, 122–3, 154–6, 162–3, 210–13

all-party meeting, 193–5

effect on population, 172

and high-level diplomacy, 164

political parties in Rwanda, 186–7.
See also
individual parties

Poncet, Colonel, 282

post-traumatic stress disorder, xii, xiii, 5

power relationships in the
UN
, 51

Presidential Guard

attitude of, 69

and Habyarimana crash, 225–6

killings by, 232, 242–3, 245–6, 248–9, 253–4

lists of names, 231, 243

provoking of crowds, 138–9, 141, 179

their quarters, 127

Preston, Major Charles, 18

prisoners of war, 385–6, 440

protocol breaches, 145, 145n1, 164

Provost, Denis, 128

PSD
, 132

Quebec nationalists, 18–19, 23–4, 40, 53, 132

Quick Reaction Force, 120, 197, 241

Quiet Revolution (Quebec), 16–17

Racine, Major Luc, 363, 412, 503

racism, 113

Radio Muhaburu, 153–4

Radio Rwanda, 224, 227, 230

and new government, 483

Rahman, Lieutenant Colonel Mustafizur, 424

Ramsay, Colonel, 468–9

rape, 430, 512

Rawson, Ambassador, 286

Read, Lieutenant Commander Robert, 304, 363

Reagan, Ronald, 37

Reay, Lieutenant General Gord, 505

red alert, 188

Red Cross, 11, 63–4, 292, 297, 319, 334, 353, 369, 386, 402, 415

neutrality of, 493

refugees.
See also
Rwandese Patriotic Front (
RPF
)

attacks on, 488

of Burundi, 98, 114, 208

dangers of, 394–5

in Kigali, 476

of Rwanda, 47, 154–5, 463, 518

into Tanzania, 336

of Uganda, 153–4

of use by
RGF
, 464

into Zaire, 469, 471

resettlement, 67, 74

Restaurant Péché Mignon, 162

Richard, Captain André, 36

Rivero, Isel, 46, 81

Riza, Iqbal.
See also
triumvirate of
DPKO

characterization of, 50

discusses
ROE
, 233

in Rwanda, 387–93

Roberge, Elizabeth “Beth” (wife), 31–3, 45, 53, 93, 229, 273–4

Dallaire returning home, 501

in Nairobi, 415–19

packages to Dallaire, 353, 458, 488

Roberge, Lieutenant Colonel Guy (father-in-law), 31–2

Roman, Colonel Jean-Pierre, 182, 184–5, 303–4

Ross, Colonel Cameron, 75, 338

Roy, Major General Armand, 42–3

Royal 22ième Régiment (Vandoos), 9, 33

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (Canada), 22

Royal Military College (
RMC
), Kingston, Ontario, 20–3

RTLM
(hardline radio station), 142, 211

as anti-Belgium, 105–6, 240–1, 254

and attacks on Dallaire, 379–81, 421–2

Dallaire's interview, 349

disinformation, 330, 420

and following, 101

and the French, 437

and Médecins Sans Frontières, 454

and murder of children, 118

promoting genocide, 375

and reports of Belgian soldiers, 183–4

violent tone of, 123, 133, 261, 272, 277

Rudasingwa, Théogène, 330

Ruggiu, George, 349

Ruhengeri, Rwanda, 68, 200, 203, 271, 288

Ruheru refugee camp, 212

Ruhigira, Enoch, 77, 136–7, 148–9, 211–12

rules of engagement (
ROE
) in
FLQ
crisis, 24–5

rules of engagement (
ROE
) in Rwanda

approval from
UN
, 99

changed own, 290

clarification of, 173

and humanitarian reasons, 229, 299

proposal for, 72

restriction of, 233, 264

and retaliatory fire, 406

and unilateral force in self-defence, 144

Rusatira, Colonel Léonidas, 121, 238, 240, 381, 469

Russia, 76

Rusumo, Rwanda, 336

Rutaremara, Tito, 196, 265–6

RV85, 36

Rwabalinda, Lieutenant Colonel Ephrem, 125–6, 222, 240, 292, 398, 410–11, 426

Rwanda

delegation to
UN
, 83–4

description of, 57, 63, 216, 500

history of, 46–8

lack of strategic interest in, 89–90

politics of, 60–1

seat on Security Council, 145

Rwandese Government Forces (
RGF
).
See also
Gendarmerie; Presidential Guard

beginnings of, 47–8

and children, 69, 117–18

French and Belgian advisers, 68, 70

increased activity, 199–203, 212–13

letter of warning, 121

and massacres, 122

morale of, 421–2

new weapons, 226

offer to reinforce Kigali, 165, 202

strategy of, 299

supplies for, 363

surrender of some, 385

Rwandese Patriotic Front (
RPF
).
See also
Conseil national pour le développement (
CND
); Kagame, Major General Paul

adolescent soldiers of, 2

ambush of
UNMO
s, 423–6, 431

and Arusha Peace Agreement, 54, 133, 211–12

control of troops, 414, 478–9

Declaration of the
RPF
for the Installation of the Formal Institutions of Government, 467

equipment of, 67

first names only, 125

and Goma, 474

headquarters, 65

increased activity, 200–3

interrogation centres in Kigali, 469

and “Kigame Nine,” 469

killings by, 378, 481–2

negotiations with, 236, 250, 266

offensive, 269

once refugees, 43, 47

and Opération Turquoise, 432, 437–8, 458

portrayal of, 66–7

protection of funeral, 195–6

relocations by, 87, 192–3, 197, 252, 335

rumoured to be murderers, 115–18

strategy of, 299, 306, 421, 446

treatment of refugees, 502–3

and Ugandan diaspora, 377–8

victory, 474–7

St. André orphanage, 412–13

St. Laurent, Louis, 17

St. Paul church, 420

St-Denis, Captain Jean-Yves, 363, 409–9n, 482–3, 499

Sainte Famille church, 347–50, 419–21

Salim, Ahmed Salim, 77–8, 321

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 49–50

Savard, Marcel, 75

Saxonov, Major, 424

scapegoat, xii

Schroeder, Lieutenant General Daniel, 485, 488–9, 497

Scouts Canada, 13

Second World War, 8, 10–12, 39, 318

security, 135.
See also
infiltrators and spies

deterioration of, 161, 212

lack of, 143, 145

meeting by Kigali leaders, 169

request for arms recovery, 180

strategy for ceremonies, 139, 195–6

townhall meeting, 172

Sendashonga, Seth, 250, 265–6, 324

Senegalese contingent, 218–19, 245, 434–5

September 11, 521–2

Shalikashvilli, General John, 489–90

Sheehan, Lieutenant General John, 487–8

Shilo, Manitoba, 20–1

shootings and killings, 187–8, 396.
See also
genocide; massacres; Presidential Guard

escalation in Kigali, 165–6, 179–80

increase in, 115

mob outside
CND
, 157–8

of moderate politicians, 212–13, 232, 253–4

mysterious third force, 121, 143

Shororo refugee camp, 212

Sierra Leone, 511–12

Simon, Paul, 372n

“situate the estimate,” 56

soccer ball, 206

Soeurs du Bon Pasteur from Quebec City, 500

soldiers' funerals, 41

Somalia, 50, 71, 207, 240–2

Sosa, Major Manuel, 423–6

Sparling, Tim, 34

Special Representative of the Secretary General (
SRSG
).
See
Booh-Booh, Jacques-Roger; Khan, Shaharyar

Standing
UN
Operation Orders persons under protection, 298–9

status of mission agreement (
SOMA
), 52

St. Denis, Major Jean-Yves, 363, 409–9n, 482, 499

Stec, Stefan, 279

Steen, Lieutenant Colonel Harry, 32–3

Swinnen, Johan, 286–7

Thibault, Colonel, 459

Tikoka, Colonel Isoa “Tiko,” 199, 243, 313, 428

description of, 54, 108–9

honoured, 445

hostage taking, 423–6

and militia, 356

opinion of, 408

and
SRSG
, 463

Tiso (cook), 127–8

Togo contingent, 434–5

Tousignant, Major General Guy, 502, 505, 507

transfers, 396–8, 404–6, 419–20, 423, 440

lack of support for, 445–6

triumvirate of
DPKO
.
See also
Annan, Kofi A.; Baril, General Maurice; Riza, Iqbal

Code Cable 1173, 312

introduction to, 48

mandate over, 270–1

meeting with, 207–9

mission approval, 80–1

and Opération Turquoise, 427–8

report to, 260

request for deterrent operation, 180–1

troop-contributing nations.
See also
individual contingents

disparity among, 91, 101, 107, 124, 177–8, 215, 444, 487

Troute, Master Corporal Philippe, 119, 127, 157–8, 160

Trudeau, Pierre, 22

Tunisian contingent, 115–18, 152, 203, 205, 249–50, 302–3, 305, 331, 350, 360, 383, 445

departure of, 465

Turgeon, Captain Nelson, 363

Tutsis.
See also
genocide

background of, 47

diaspora, 364

hegemony of, 163, 219

killing of, 157–60, 189, 265

lists of, 142–3, 231, 243

moving into Kigali, 466, 476

registration of, 198

resettlement of, 67

seeking sanctuary, 302

Twagiramungu, Faustin, 210–11

ambushed, 187

and an informant, 141

attendance at flag-raising, 104

description of, 60, 132

guards mounted at home of, 161

lists for transitional government, 132–3

new prime minister, 467–8, 475

and Opération Turquoise, 436

political impasse, 123, 194

rescued, 244, 253, 261, 274–5, 309, 396

Uganda, 52, 88, 91, 94–6, 201

Uganda's National Resistance Army (
NRA
), 94–5, 155, 469

UNAMIR
(2), 411–12.
See also
UNAMIR
(United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda)

arrival of contingents, 443–4

authority of, 447

lack of troops, 432–3, 433n

officially created, 374

operational priorities of, 481

and Opération Turquoise, 452

protection of people, 404

and refugees, 470

sabotage of, 375–6

staging base for, 416

troops to
HPZ
, 494–5

UNAMIR
(United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda).
See also
UNAMIR
(2);
UNOMUR
(United Nations Observer Mission in Uganda and Rwanda)

accusations of bias, 112, 137, 184