Shake Hands With the Devil (87 page)

Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
DMZ
located in northern Rwanda between
RPF
and
RGF
forces. Approximately 120 km long and from 100 metres at its narrowest to up to 20 km at its widest point. The
DMZ
was the last line of forward troops of each party when the ceasefire went into effect in 1991. Neither party was permitted in the zone, which was under
NMOG
and later
UNAMIR
control

Beadengar Dessande
Former Ambassador from Chad and political officer on the
SRSG
staff

Lieutenant Colonel Joe Dewez
Belgian Commanding Officer of the second Belgian Para-commando unit from 1 Apr–20 Apr 94, replaced LCol Leroy

Major Diagne
Senegalese
UNAMIR
Staff Officer became
FC
's note-taker during the conflict

DHA
UN
Department of Humanitarian Affairs

Dom Bosco School
Location of Belgian Camp in Kigali and site where Belgian troops abandoned hundreds of Tutsis who were subsequently massacred. Also known as École technique officielle (
ETO
)

Mark Doyle
BBC
reporter and the only reporter to remain in Rwanda throughout the genocide

DPKO
UN
Department of Peacekeeping Operations

DPA
UN
Department of Political Affairs

Extremists
Believers in Hutu Power, not prepared to bring refugees home, and
unwilling to share power in a multi-ethnic, multi-party democracy respecting human rights. Predominantly
MRND
and
CDR
, but present in all parties other than the
RPF

FC
Force Commander

Joe Felli
Political Adviser to the
OAU
's Neutral Military Observer Group and later
OAU
representative in Rwanda

Field Operations Division (FOD)
Part of
DPKO
that provides administrative and logistics (such as communications, transportation, finance, procurement, construction, information systems, contracting, general services) support to deployed peacekeeping missions

Colonel Herbert Figoli
DMZ
Sector Commander, Uruguayan, left
UNAMIR
mid-January

FOD
Field Operations Division

Force Commander (FC)
Commands all
UN
military personnel in a peacekeeping force

Bob Fowler
Canadian Deputy Minister of Defence

Louise Fréchette
Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations from 1992 to 1995. Deputy Secretary-General of the
UN
, 2 Mar 1998–present

Gabiro
RGF
camp on the eastern side of the
DMZ
close to Akagera National Park

Philippe Gaillard
Chief Delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Rwanda before and throughout the genocide in Rwanda, the only humanitarian agency to remain for the duration of the crisis

Garrison
The home camp of an army unit

Dr. Anastase Gasana
A Hutu moderate and Minister of Foreign Affairs until 6 April when President Habyarimana kicked him off his airplane just before it was shot down. Spent most of the war in Tanzania and returned to his post after the
RPF
won the war

Félicien Gatabazi
Head of the Social Democratic or
PSD
party; a well-known Hutu moderate from Butare

Colonel (later Major General) Marcel Gatsinzi
Appointed
RGF
Chief of Staff to succeed Nsabimana on his death 7 Apr 94, replaced less than two weeks later by General Augustin Bizimungu. Gatsinzi was a moderate Hutu Army officer from Butare who later deserted to the
RPF

Gendarmes/Gendarmerie
Para-military force of 6,000 members, the national police force in Rwanda, controlled by the regime, based in Kigali and Ruhengeri, trained by both Belgian and French advisors, modelled on the French equivalent. Used mainly as a police force, however units were sometimes mobilized to the front to augment the army

Génocidaire
French term to describe someone who participates in a genocide

Chinmaya Gharekhan
Senior political adviser to Boutros-Ghali, and under-secretary-general of the
UN

Gisenyi
Northwestern prefecture in Rwanda, capital also named Gisenyi, tourist town on Lake Kivu, heartland of the extremist
CDR

Gitarama
Approximately 40 km from Kigali, location of the interim government

Allay Golo
Chadian
CAO
, replaced De Liso in May 94

Marrack Goulding
Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, from Great Britain, replaced James Jonah

Grasshopper
Codename for events requiring a very high level of security

Major General Juvénal Habyarimana
Rwandan president (dictator), came to power in 1973
coup d'état
, killed in plane crash night of 6–7 Apr 94, Hutu from Ruhengeri, founder and head of the
MRND

HAC
Humanitarian Assistance Cell

Per O. Hallqvist
Chief Administration Officer until resignation 14 Feb 94

Colonel Mike Hanrahan
CO
of 1
^st
Canadian Headquarters and Signals Regiment (1
CDHSR
)

Peter Hansen
UN
Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs. First senior
UN
official to visit Rwanda after the start of the genocide

Colonel Azrul Haque
UNOMUR
second-in-command, the Deputy Chief Military Observer, a Bangladeshi. As Dallaire was the Chief Military Observer of
UNOMUR
, in addition to being the Force Commander of
UNAMIR
, and living in Kigali, the
DCMO
of
UNOMUR
was, in effect, the Commander of the Sector. Replaced Colonel Ben Matiwaza in Feb 94

Hard-liner
Slang for extremist

Head of Mission
The individual designated by the
SG
of the
UN
to be in overall
command of all divisions within the
UN
mission. Usually the
SRSG
, however for periods during
UNAMIR
, the
FC
was designated Head of Mission as well

Arturo Hein
UNREO
Coordinator

HPZ
Humanitarian Protection Zone

Humanitarian Assistance Cell (HAC)
Formed 13 Apr 94 to work in close support of
UNREO
, aided in security of humanitarian aid and other issues

Humanitarian Protection Zone (HPZ)
Area of Rwanda secured by Op Turquoise, also known as Sector 4

Hutu
Majority ethnic group in Rwanda, comprising approximately 85 percent of the population

Hutu Power
Extremist movement dedicated to the dominance of the Hutu in all aspects of Rwandan affairs, appeared in several political parties

ICRC
International Committee of the Red Cross

ICTR
International Criminal Tribunal Rwanda

Impuzamugambi
Kinyarwanda for “those who have a single aim,”
CDR
youth wing/militia, trained, armed and led by the Presidential Guard and other elements of the
RGF
closely linked to the Interahamwe, participated in the killings during the genocide

Inkotanyi
Kinyarwanda for “those who fight courageously.” Units of the
RPF

Interahamwe
Kinyarwanda for “those who attack together.” Militant young men attached to the youth wing of the ruling
MRND
party, trained and indoctrinated in ethnic hatred against Tutsis. Dressed in cotton combat fatigues in the red, green and black of the then Rwandan flag, carried machetes or carved replicas of Kalashnikovs, often incited violence, largely responsible for the killings during the genocide

Interim government
Appointed 7 Apr 93 by Habyarimana, to be in power until the
BBTG
would take over. During the
UNAMIR
period led by Madame Agathe until her assassination. On 7 Apr 94, a Hutu extremist-dominated interim government led by Jean Kambanda seized power until defeated and driven out of Rwanda in Jul 94

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

International Criminal Tribunal Rwanda (ICTR)
UN
-sponsored judicial body prosecuting war criminals in Arusha, Tanzania

Inyenzi
Kinyarwanda for “cockroach,” a term used by Hutu extremists to describe Tutsis

Dr. Jacques
Nom de guerre
of an
RPF
political officer at the
CND
during the genocide

James O.C. Jonah
Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, from Sierra Leone, replaced by Marrack Goulding

Jean-Pierre
Informant who described the arms cache in Jan 94, was once a Commando and a Presidential Guard, the chief trainer of the Interahamwe

Joint Military Commission
A joint body made up of General Dallaire, the
CO
s of the
RGF
, the
CO
s of the Gendarmerie and the commander of the
RPF
designed to set the agenda and approve the proposals of a number of sub-committees planning the details of the disengagement, disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation/release and reintegration processes for the security forces of both sides as called for in the Arusha Peace Agreement

Kabale
UNOMUR HQ
, located in Ugandan border town of Kabale

Dr. Abdul Hamid Kabia
Acting Executive Director
UNAMIR
. Began mission as Political Officer with
UNOMUR
, later moved to Kigali;
UN
diplomat and political expert with considerable field and
HQ
experience, from Sierra Leone

Kadafi Crossroads
Critical intersection of several major roads in and out of Kigali in the northwest corner of the city

Major General Paul Kagame
Military Commander of the Rwandese Patriotic Army—the military wing of the
RPF
—Tutsi, media nickname “the Napoleon of Africa.” Inaugurated 5
^th
President of Rwanda 22 Apr 00

Robert Kajuga
President of the Interahamwe, responsible for most of the killings during the genocide

Jean Kambanda
Hutu extremist in the
MDR
, became the figurehead interim prime minister of the genocidal government 7 Apr 94, convicted as a génocidaire at
ICTR
and sentenced to life in prison

Major Frank Kamenzi
RPF
Liaison Officer to
UNAMIR

Mamadou
Kane Political Adviser to Dr. Booh-Booh, the
SRSG

Kangura
Extremist newspaper filled with ethnic and anti-
UNAMIR
propaganda

Camp Kanombe
RGF
military camp at east end of Kigali International Airport

Colonel Alexis Kanyarengwe
Chairman of the
RPF
, Hutu

Froduald Karamira
Vice-President of the
MDR

Commander Karake Karenzi
First
RPF
Liaison Officer to
UNAMIR

Judge Joseph Kavaruganda
President of the Constitutional Court

Grégoire Kayibanda
Leader of Hutu-dominated Rwandan government following uprising and independence of 1961, deposed and killed in coup by Habyarimana in 1973, former president and prime minister of Rwanda

Ambassador Colin Keating
New Zealand Ambassador to the
UN
, President of the Security Council Apr 94

Major Henry Kesteloot
Kigali Sector Operations Officer, Belgian

Shaharyar M. Khan
Pakistani career diplomat, appointed
SRSG
by Boutros-Ghali June 94

KIBAT
Nickname for the Belgian Battalion located in Kigali

Camp Kigali
RGF
camp in the centre of Kigali, housed headquarters, reconnaissance battalion, maintenance transport unit and military hospital/convalescent centre

Kigali Hospital
Civilian hospital located near Camp Kigali

Kigali Sector
HQ
in Kigali, commanded by Colonel Marchal, who was also the Belgian Contingent Commander, located at a compound near the Meridien hotel,
UNAMIR
area of operations within the
KWSA
, consisted of Belgian Battalion (
KIBAT
), Bangladeshi Battalion (
RUTBAT
),
MILOB
s, and occasionally Tunisian Company

Kigali Weapons Secure Area (KWSA)
Agreement made whereby military units in Kigali would be required to store all weapons and ammunition, and weapons or armed troops could only be moved with
UNAMIR
's permission and escort, signed 23 Dec 93, actual area radius of approximately 20 km from the centre of the city