Redeemers (71 page)

and World War I, 51–52, 130, 171

and World War II, 163–64, 166–67, 171–72

written history of, 186–89

Michaux, Henri, 205

Michnik, Adam, 244, 268

Mikoyan, Anastas, 311, 316

Miłosz, Czesław, 267

Mina, Francisco Xavier, 56, 305

Mina, Gianni,
Habla Fidel,
358

Minerva Publishers, 109, 111

Miskito Indians, 259

Mistral, Gabriela, 73

Mitre, Bartolomé, 7

Mitterand, François, 360

Mixcóatl (Aztec god), 175

Miyares de Mantilla, María, 6, 18

Moctezuma, 214

Monroe Doctrine, 8

Monsiváis, Carlos, 222, 223, 249–51, 268, 439, 443, 446

Montaigne, 229

Montalvo, Juan, 43, 46

Monterroso, Augusto, 348

Montt, Manuel, 41

Morales, Father Mardonio, 426

Morelos y Pavón, José María, 56, 408, 442

Morrow, Dwight, 77, 80

Morse, Richard, 98, 102, 234

on
El Espejo de Próspero
(Prospero's Mirror), 485

Muñoz Ledo, Porfirio, 261

Mussolini, Benito, 78, 98, 100, 281, 285

Mutis, Álvaro, 345

 

Nación, La,
8, 9

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 425–26

Nagy, Imre, 346

Napoléon III of France, 464, 467

Nava, Cornelio, 139

Nazism, 161, 164, 177, 285–87

Negrete, Jorge, 167

neo-Nazi revisionism, 84–85

Neoplatonism, 59, 60, 75

Neruda, Pablo, 155, 158, 171, 229, 231, 235, 387, 441, 456

New York
Evening Post,
14

Ney Barrionuevo, Carlos, 374

Nicaragua, Sandinistas in, 40, 253, 258–59, 423, 456

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 54, 144, 158, 230

Nin, Andrés, 157

Nixon, Richard M., 228

Novo, Salvador, 144

Núñez, Rafael, 342

 

Obregón, Álvaro, 134

at Agua Prieta, 61, 135

death of, 76, 135

presidency of, 63, 121

and Revolution, 50, 56

Obregonistas, 50

Obrera Claridad Publishing House, 104–5

Ocampo, Victoria, 168, 288

Ochoa, Arnaldo, 359, 360

Odría, Manuel, 370–71, 372

Onetti, Juan Carlos, 231

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies), 260–61, 472

Oppenheimer, Andrés, 359, 360

Orfila Reynal, Arnaldo, 39, 248

Orive, Adolfo, 421–22

Orozco, José Clemente, 68, 69, 71, 141

Ortega y Gasset, José, 31, 154, 172, 243, 268

Ortiz Rubio, Pascual, 77, 79

Orwell, George, 165

Homage to Catalonia,
157

 

Pacheco, Medardo, 336, 351, 361

Padilla, Heberto, 225, 247, 355, 380–81

Páez, José Antonio, 452

Palacios, Alfredo, 38, 42, 73, 297

Panichelli, Stéphanie, 357

Papaioannou, Kostas, 183

Paraguay, independence of, 471

Paris:

”lost generation” in, 100

student rebellion (1968) in, 209–10

Paul, Saint, 327

Pavelic, Ante, 286–87

Paz, Ireneo (grandfather), xiii, 122–33

arrests of, 123, 124, 126, 128

birth of, 122

death of, 131–32

as Díaz supporter, 123–24, 125, 126, 127–28, 132, 149

family of, 131

and his grandson, 122, 131–32, 169, 186, 208, 213, 231, 236, 244, 257, 263, 267, 270

and Huerta, 129

in later years, 129–33

and
El Padre Cobos
(Father Cobos), 124, 125, 186

as publisher, 129, 130

and revolution, 124, 128

as writer, 124–26, 127, 132, 136

and Zapata, 128, 129

Paz, Octavio, xii-xiii,
118
, 119–270, 347, 489

aging and death of, 269–70

A la orilla del mundo
(On the Shore of the World), 168

El arco y la lira
(The Bow and the Lyre), 197

Aunque es de noche
(Although It Is Night), 229

birth of, 130, 270

and Bona, 203–5

cancer of, 242

Canción Mexicana,
119, 122

El cántaro roto
(The Broken Pitcher), 197–99, 215, 216, 225

and communism, 160–61, 245, 254, 256

and
Contemporáneos,
144–45, 163

contrition of, 229, 231–32, 244, 255, 265, 269

Corriente alterna
(Alternating Current), 200, 205, 208

critical attacks on, 222–24, 234–35, 244–45, 246–48, 249–51, 253, 259–60

criticism of dogma, 226–28, 260, 265–66

on democratización, 224–25

diplomatic career of, 180–82, 194–95, 197, 199, 202–3, 224–25

and Echeverría massacre (1971), 218–19, 245

“Elegy to a Comrade Dead on the Aragon Front,” 156–57

and Elena, 147–48, 150, 154, 159, 169–70, 183, 193, 203–4, 205

Entre la piedra y la flor
(Between the Stone and the Flower), 152–53, 244

Epitafio sobre ninguna piedra
(Epitaph Upon No Stone), 241–42

“Ethics of the Artist,” 143–44

and
Excélsior,
219, 234, 240

and fame, 150, 154, 195–96, 202, 205

family background of, 121–29, 174–75

Hacia el comienzo
(Toward the Beginning), 206

and
El hijo pródigo
(The Prodigal Son), 170, 219, 242

Los hijos del limo
(The Sons of the Slime), 235

and his family, 137–38

and his father, 130, 137, 138–40, 141, 148, 169, 185, 189, 208, 213, 236–37, 244, 262–63

and his grandfather, 122, 131–32, 169, 186, 208, 213, 231, 236, 244, 257, 263, 267, 270

and his mother, 185–86, 233, 236, 257, 258

honors and awards to, 205, 217, 258, 267, 268

“Illusions and Convictions,” 238

as independent socialist, 193–94

in India, 203, 205, 206, 209, 211

influence of, 162, 213, 215–17, 222, 383

intellectual curiosity of, 243–44, 257

“Interrupted Elegy,” 140

El laberinto de la soledad
(The Labyrinth of Solitude), 121, 176, 180, 183–90, 192, 196, 197, 200, 204, 222, 237, 244, 251, 254, 255, 263, 483

Ladera este
(Eastern Slope), 206, 208–9, 213

Laurel,
171

Libertad bajo palabra
(Freedom on Parole), 183, 244

literary criticism of, 109, 441

Lugar de prueba
(Place for Testing), 264

Luna Silvestre
(Wild Moon), 146

and magic realism, 191
Maithuna,
207

and Marie-José, 206–7, 209, 214

and Marxism,
see
Marxism

on Mexican history, 186–89, 214, 238–39, 262–64

on
lo mexicano,
173–77, 184, 185–86, 189–91, 233

“Mexican Song,” 213

“Mexico, Olympiad of 1968,” 213

and Neruda, 171, 229

Nocturno de San Ildefonso
(Nocturne of San Ildefonso), 232–33, 235, 264–66

No pasarán
(They will not pass), 149–50, 154

Obra poética,
241

Oda a España,
158

El ogro filantrópico
(The Philanthropic Ogre), 260

in Paris, 182–83, 191, 192–94, 203, 205, 206

Pasado en claro
(Clean Copy), 235–37, 240

Piedra de sol
(Sun Stone), 159, 199, 222

and
Plural,
219–24, 225, 229, 233–35, 238–40, 242, 250

“Poetry of Solitude and Poetry of Communion,” 178–79

and political criticism, 224–31, 262–64, 266–67, 388

Polvos de aquellos lodos
(Powder of That Mud), 229–31

and
El Popular,
161–62

Posdata
(Postscript), 214, 222, 251, 253

“PRI. Hora cumplida” (PRI. The Time Has Come), 263

Raíz de hombre
(Root of Man), 150

and religion, 256–58

resignation of, 212–14, 245

“Response to the Consul,” 171

return to Mexico, 217, 235, 238, 241, 242, 245, 248

and revolution, xiii, 143, 152, 159, 160, 163, 164, 167–68, 196, 200, 201–2, 208, 209–10, 224, 225, 239, 246, 262–64, 265, 268–69, 433, 484

and Revueltas, 142–43, 256–57

Salamandra,
203

and social reform, 147, 163

on solitude, 120–21, 132, 137, 148, 150, 165, 176, 188, 192, 205

on Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 244, 254–55, 257, 483

in Spain, 154–59, 208, 264–66

and Spanish Civil War, 149–50, 154, 155–60, 213, 216, 233

and student movement, 209–15, 217–18, 226–28, 245, 247

and surrealism, 191, 206

and
Taller
(Workshop), 162, 163–64, 165–66, 170, 177–79

teen years of, 140–45, 226

television appearances of, 253–54, 262

and Tlatelolco (1968), 224, 245, 246

Under Your Clear Shadow,
162

in U.S., 179–82, 214

and
Vuelta,
240–43, 251–52, 253, 263

as writer, 119–21, 122, 138, 143–44, 145, 146, 149–51, 152–53, 166, 167–68, 169–70, 172–74, 180, 182, 183–90, 197–99, 203, 206–7, 208–9, 213, 225, 229–33, 240–41, 246, 251–52, 254–55, 260, 263, 264–66

Paz Estenssoro, Víctor, 300

Paz Solórzano, Octavio (father), xiii, 133–37

Álbum de Juárez,
136–37

birth of, 127

death of, 139–40, 148, 169, 237

and his father, 130, 133

and his son, 130, 137, 138–40, 141, 148, 169, 185, 189, 208, 213, 236–37, 244, 262–63

as “lawyer of the people,” 137, 139, 141, 145

and National Agrarian Party, 135

publishing house of, 134–35, 136

and the Revolution, 130, 133, 135, 136–37

and
La Semana,
134–35

and Zapata, 129, 133–34, 135, 136, 138–39, 140, 149, 152, 188, 237

Pellicer, Carlos, 65–66, 73, 144, 154, 155, 176

PEN, 382

Péret, Benjamin, 191

Pereyra, Carlos, 223

Pérez, Carlos Andrés, 479

Pérez, Omar, 321–22

Pérez Alfonzo, Juan Pablo, 472

Pérez Galdós, Benito, 64, 127

Episodios nacionales,
262

Pérez Jiménez, Marcos, 295

Pérez Méndez, José, 405

Perón, Eva “Evita,”
272
, 273–91

background of, 279–80

birth records of, 282

chauvinism of, 291

critics of, 287

death of, 277

early years of, 274–75, 280–81, 282

largesse of, 283–84, 286–87, 288

and Nazis, 284–85

and Perón, 275–76, 281, 282, 289–90

and the poor, 282, 290, 487

postmortem movement of, 277–78

and power, 282, 289–90

public adoration of, 278–79, 283

“Rainbow Tour” of, 277, 286

rise to fame, 276–78, 281, 282

roles played by, 275–76, 289

transformation of, 276, 280, 282

wealth of, 276, 282, 284–85

Perón, Juan Domingo, 82, 274, 471

and chauvinism, 291

and Evita, 275–76, 281, 282, 289–90

and Nazi Germany, 284–87

overthrow of, 287

and power, 289–91

Peru:

ayllu
system in, 106

Bourbon reforms in, 384

Communist Party in, 102

Conquest of, 366, 397, 434

“dirty war” in, 395

and
El cóndor pasa,
93–94

elections in, 386

Indians in, 90, 93–94, 106–8, 111, 112, 113–15, 116, 366, 394

and King Solomon's mines, 365

land reform in, 443–44

leftist activism in, 92

Lima, 91

and Mexico, similarities of, 434–35, 436

Ochenio de Odría, 371

People's University, 103, 104, 108

populist militarism in, 228

racial divisions in, 366–67, 371, 394–95, 396–97, 434, 436

Shining Path in, 116, 386–87, 395, 398

Pesce, Hugo, 300–301 Petkoff, Teodoro, 471–72, 476

Pham Van Dong, 354

Philippines, U.S. occupation of, 5, 25, 32

Piar, Manuel, 360, 361

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto, 231, 246, 248, 252, 358, 388

Pino Iturrieta, Elías, 454, 458

Pino Suárez, José María, 50

Pizarro the Conquistador, 91, 373

Plato, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65

Plekhanov, Georgi, 39, 142, 461–63

Political Testament,
463

The Role of the Individual in History,
458–59, 461–62

Plotinus, 59–62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 83, 85

Plural,
219–24, 225, 226, 229, 231, 233–35, 238–40, 242, 250, 383

Plutarch,
Parallel Lives
, xiii

Poe, Edgar Allan, 33

Poland, Solidarity in, 358

Ponce, Aníbal, 299

Ponce, Manuel M., 52

Poniatowska, Elena, 220

Popper, Karl, 383

populism, 289–91

Porras Barrenechea, Raúl, 376

Portales, Diego, 45

positivism, 37, 41, 54

POUM, 157

Pound, Ezra, 164

Prensa, La,
91–93, 94, 95

PRI (
Partido Revolucionario Institucional
):

and Cárdenas, 253

and Chiapas, 405, 414

and Cosío Villegas, 211, 233–34, 239

and Democratic Current, 261

formation of, 136, 210

functions of, 210–11, 266, 414

and Paz, 211, 214–15, 220, 224, 233, 239, 249, 254

and
Plural,
220, 233–34

and repressions of 1968, 224

and Ruiz, 429

Proceso,
240