Penguin History of the United States of America (147 page)
Read Penguin History of the United States of America Online
Authors: Hugh Brogan
Sandinistas
,
691
Sandwich, John, Earl of,
168
Sangre de Cristo mountains,
56n
Santa Anna, Gen.,
296
Santa Fe Trail,
236n
Santiago Bay, Battle of,
180–81
,
183n
,
190
,
441
Sassafras,
19
Schechter Poultry Corporation
v.
US
,
533–4
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr,
673
Schurz, Carl,
quoted
,
353
Schuylkill river,
95
Scott, Gen. Winfield,
297
,
300
,
317
,
319
,
321
Sears, Roebuck Co.,
386
Secession,
205
,
243
,
254–5
,
285
,
293
,
299
,
308
,
310
,
317
of Deep South,
311–14
,
627–8
,
632
,
635
,
636
of Upper South,
315–16
failure of,
347–8
economic consequences,
384
Sections, definitions,
229n
Securities and Exchange Commission,
525
Segregation, racial (
see also
White Supremacy
),
371–2
,
415
,
620–21
,
629
in accommodation,
632
and cold war,
626
in factories,
623
Selective Service Act (1940),
559
,
567
Selma, Alabama,
636
Senate, US (
see also
Congress of the US
),
210
,
260
,
261
,
294
,
301
,
356
,
370
,
500
,
517
,
526
,
546
,
553
.
554
.
559
.
566
,
599
,
631
,
635
,
665
,
666
,
681
,
685
and Versailles treaty,
486–8
Foreign Relations
committee,
556
in Second World War,
569–70
,
581
Seneca Falls convention,
279
Separation of powers,
208
,
664–5
Sequoya,
67
Serbs,
394
Seven Days’ battles,
327
Seward, William Henry,
276
,
278
,
291
,
299
,
301
,
305
,
308
,
311
,
312
Secretary of State,
314
,
319
,
324
,
330
,
347
,
354
,
356
Sexual liberation,
677–8
Sharecropping
see
Tenancy, Southern
Shays’s Rebellion,
190–91
,
193
,
194
,
231
Shelburne, William, Earl of,
141
,
143
,
185
Shenandoah valley,
341
Shepard, Thomas,
49
Sheridan, Gen. Philip Henry,
62
,
341
,
343
,
344
Sherman, Gen. William Tecumseh,
340
,
341–2
Sherman Anti-Trust Act,
445
,
451
,
455
,
459
,
530
,
532
Sherman Silver Purchase Act,
429
Shevardnadze, Eduard,
692
Shiloh, Battle of,
325
Shriners,
418
Shultz, George,
692
Siamese twins,
277
Siberia,
496
Sierra Nevada mountains,
241n
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom,
654
,
661
Silver (
see also
Currency
),
5
,
24n
,
276
,
427
,
429
mining,
430
Simpson, ‘Sockless’ Jerry,
428
Sinclair, Upton,
454
Slave codes, colonial,
100
Slave states,
199
,
245
,
287n
,
305
,
307
,
317
Slave Trade, Atlantic,
4
,
47
,
83
,
99–103
,
106
,
107
,
175n
,
198–9
,
396
ended,
324
Slave trade, internal,
283
,
287
,
299
,
352–3
,
358
Slave-holders
see
Planters
Slavery, political, idea of, and the A. Revolution,
116
,
133
,
148
,
162
Slavery (
see also
Anti-Slavery
;
Fugitive Slave laws
),
11
,
192
,
199
,
236
,
243
,
244
,
279
,
280–90
,
291
,
292
,
293
,
295-6
,
306
,
311
,
351
,
352
,
357
,
361
,
365
,
366
,
372
,
389
,
403
,
407
,
409
,
412
,
627
,
646
abolition of s.: in District of Columbia,
324
; in North,
280
; in the Union,
307
,
338
,
343
extension of s., question of,
245
,
294
,
296
,
298-307
passim
,
313
,
314
introduction of s.,
27-8
,
99-103
,
106-7
slave rebellions,
107
Southern commitment to,
310
Slaves,
62
,
101-2
,
107
,
226
,
243
,
244
,
277n
,
280
,
287
,
295
in Civil War,
329-30
,
332
‘contrabands’,
329
,
332
response to Emancipation Proclamation,
332
and emancipation,
358
Slidell, John,
324-5
Slovaks,
394
Slovenes,
394
Small Business Administration,
640
Smeal, Eleanor,
680
Smith, Gov. Alfred Emanuel,
491
,
502
,
504
,
523
,
531
Smith, Sen. Ellison DuRant (‘Cotton Ed’),
549
Smith, Gerald L. K.,
556
Smith, Hyrum,
236
Smith, Capt. John,
20-23
,
34
,
37
,
38
,
47
,
60-61
,
74
,
491
,
502
,
504
,
523
,
531
Smith, Joseph,
232-7
Smith-Connolly Act,
568
and the A. Revolution,
114
,
118
,
130
,
146
and prohibition,
502
Snake Creek,
69
Snider, Christopher,
152
Social Security Act,
541
Socialism,
242
,
389
,
415
,
418
,
419
,
421
,
463
,
488
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (1936),
538
,
546-7
Soil erosion and exhaustion,
103
,
108
Somalia,
681
‘Sons of Liberty’ (
see also
Patriots
),
130
,
132
,
135
,
136
,
153
,
156
,
179
,
265
,
275
South Africa,
430
South Braintree, Mass.,
497
South Carolina (
see also
Carolinas, the
)
colony
,
52
,
57
,
84
,
85
,
103
,
106
,
108
,
118
; in the A. Revolution,
131
,
131n
,
178
,
183
state
,
196
,
272
,
274
,
304
,
426
,
596
,
635
; and slavery,
175n
,
199
,
202
,
283
,
284
,
289
,
295
; secession from the Union,
311
; in Civil War,
343
,
359
; under Reconstruction,
360-61
,
369
South Dakota,
246
South Sea
see
Pacific Ocean
South, the,
183
,
197
,
198
,
199
,
205
,
213n
,
229
,
235
,
237
,
243
,
271
,
272
,
273
,
274
,
277
,
279
,
280-90
,
293-314
passim
,
396
,
404
,
443
,
465
and civil rights movement,
615-37
in Civil War,
314-15
passim
the Deep S.,
308
,
310
,
311-12
,
627-8
,
632
,
635
,
636
,
672
in the Depression,
513
the S. in the Populist era,
425
post-1945,
587
pseudo-nationalism,
310
Reconstruction,
347-72
passim
the Upper S.,
277
,
283
,
311
,
313
,
315-16
the ‘Solid S.’,
371
,
433
,
609
,
625
,
660-61
,
674
the S. and First World War,
469
,
482
and Second World War,
621
South-East Asia Treaty Organization,
648
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC),
630
,
633
,
643
,
675
Southern Homestead Act,
359
Southern Pacific Railroad,
448
,
457
Southern whites
see
Whites, southern
Soviet Union (
see also
Russia
),
499
,
502
,
503
,
512
,
558
,
561
,
563
,
571
,
612
,
648
,
652
,
663
,
680
,
681