Penguin History of the United States of America (138 page)

Forbes, Charles,
499

Ford, Gerald Rudolph (Pres. 1974–7),
500
,
667
,
671
,
686

Ford, Henry,
445
,
493
,
532

Model T,
493

peace ship,
445

Foreign relations,
220
,
499
,
501
,
552–66
,
603–4
,
657

Forrest, Gen. Nathan Bedford,
342

Fort Donelson,
325

Fort Duquesne
see
Pittsburgh

Fort Henry,
325

Fort Laramie,
220

Fort Monroe,
326
,
345

Fort Pickens,
312–13

Fort Pillow,
333

Fort Sumter,
268
,
286
,
312–14
,
324
,
346
,
378

Fort Ticonderoga,
165
,
172

Fortune
magazine,
588

Foster, Stephen,
281

Foundations,
445

‘Founding Fathers’,
204–5
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
210
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
306
,
409
,
438
,
550
,
640

Fourteen Points
see
Wilson, Woodrow

Fourth of July, the,
174–5
,
178
,
316
,
318
,
337
,
437
,
623

Fox, Charles James,
80
,
162

Fox, George,
93
,
662

France, the French,
7
,
8
,
11
,
34
,
43
,
52
,
63
,
66
,
75
,
76
,
81
,
85
,
92
,
102
,
106
,
108
,
110–11
,
113
,
114
,
126
,
203
,
204
,
209
,
210
,
219
,
237
,
250–52
passim
,
255
,
257
,
260
,
261
,
262
,
324
,
327
,
336
,
394
,
436
,
442
,
483
,
499
,
507
,
584
,
586
,
604
,
611
,
651

defeat in Seven Years War,
85–6

and A. Revolution,
133
,
164–5
,
168
,
169
,
177
,
180–82
,
184
,
185

and First World War,
467
,
468
,
469
,
470
,
480
,
481

and Versailles treaty,
484–6

and Second World War,
572
,
577
-8

and Indo-China,
606
,
646–8
,
652

Franciscan friars,
7
,
52

François I, King of France,
6–7

Frank, Leo,
404

Frankfurter, Mr Justice Felix,
627

quoted
,
627

Franklin, Benjamin,
50
,
73
,
91
,
108
,
109
,
112
,
118
,
215

early life,
97–9
,
127

Poor Richard’s Almanac
,
98

and Stamp Act crisis,
115–16
,
125
,
132
,
135–6

and Quartering Act,
136

and Quaker party,
145

and Tea Act,
158–9

and Declaration of Independence,
174

mission to France,
180
,
181n
,
185

at Constitutional Convention,
195
,
197
,
200

quoted
, on English arrogance,
80
; on Royal Navy,
128
; on John Wilkes,
154
; on Boston Tea Party,
162
; on the rising sun,
200
;
also quoted
,
115–16
,
132

Frederick II of Prussia,
86
,
111
,
182

Fredericksburg, Battle of,
333
,
336

Free blacks,
289
,
298
,
300
,
328

Free enterprise,
543

Free soil,
245
,
294
,
296
,
302
,
303
,
304
,
307

Free Soil Party,
299
,
304

Free trade,
84n
,
158
,
271
,
278
,
381
,
394
,
464
,
482
,
563
,
576
,
577
,
579

Freedmen, black,
331
,
337–8
,
339
,
347
,
352
,
358–72
passim
,
410

Freedmen’s Bureau,
344
,
353
,
361
,
362
,
367–8

Freedom, idea of,
191
,
312

idea of A. freedom,
172–3
,
206
,
319
,
348
,
403

Freedom Riders,
632
,
657–8

Freemasons,
94
,
139
,
278
,
418

Frelinghuysen, Sen. Theodore,
64

Frick, Henry Clay,
385
,
388
,
404
,
410
,
420

Frick Collection,
388

Friends, Society of
see
Quakers

Frontier of settlement,
23
,
48
,
62
,
68
,
119–20
,
121
,
191
,
220–21
,
228
,
229
,
237
,
239
,
245
,
246
,
254
,
282
,
361
,
393
,
402
,
418
,
423
,
588

Southern,
283
,
286

Frostbelt,
672

Fuchs, Klaus
see
Spies, atomic

Fugitive Slave laws,
299
,
304

Fulbright, Sen. James William,
628

Fulton, Missouri,
591

Fulton, Robert,
250
,
378

Fur-trade,
8
,
39
,
47
,
53
,
57
,
112
,
149
,
187

Gable, Clark,
684

Gadsden, Christopher,
131
,
163

Gage, Gen. Thomas,
136
,
149
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
170
,
172

Gaines
v.
Canada
,
624
,
626

Gallatin, Albert,
255
,
263

Galloway, Joseph,
73
,
145
,
163

Gallup Poll,
557

Galveston, Texas,
447

Gandhi, Mohandas,
629

Garfield, James (Pres. 1881),
268
,
362n
,
408
,
449
,
633

Garner, Vice-Pres. John Nance (‘Cactus Jack’),
559

Garrison, William Lloyd,
292
,
293
,
295
,
305
,
323
,
331

Garvey, Marcus,
619

Gary, Indiana,
641

Gaspee
, HMS,
128n
,
155
,
158

Gates, Gen. Horatio,
181

Gates, Sir Thomas,
23

Gaulle, Gen. Charles de,
577
,
647
,
651

General Electric,
684

General Motors,
493
,
511
,
609

General warrants,
154
,
211

Genêt, Edmond Charles (‘Citizen Genêt’),
252

Geneva conference, 1954,
648

George, Henry,
393

George I, King,
78

George II, King,
73
,
78
,
86

George III, King,
78
,
79
,
80
,
86
,
106
, in,
145
,
148
,
154
,
163n
,
169
,
172
,
175
,
182
,
186
,
187
,
192
,
204
,
256
,
264
,
275
,
298
,
441
,
516
,
562

character,
73

denounced by P. Henry,
123–4

dismisses Grenville,
132

New York statue,
135

and Chatham,
140–42

and Lord North,
151
,
180

‘Junius’ on,
154

T. Paine on,
173

George, Sen. Walter Franklin,
549

George V, King,
478
,
483
,
503n

Georgia,
7
,
67
,
108
,
673
,
686

colony
,
52
,
88
,
101
,
120
,
121
; in A. Revolution,
131
,
132
,
151
,
153
,
163
,
182

state
,
66
,
68
,
190
,
201
,
227
,
229
,
275
,
311
,
404
,
428
,
581
,
587
,
618
,
619
,
661
; and slavery,
175n
,
199
,
292
,
298
; in Civil War,
335
,
340
,
341–3
; under Reconstruction,
348
,
364
,
368
; and civil rights movement,
635

Germain, Lord George,
168
,
182

German-Americans,
94
,
95n
,
397
,
437
,
477
,
488
,
558

Germantown, Pennsylvania,
99

Germany, Germans,
86
,
93
,
106
,
108
,
145
,
182
,
204
,
300
,
303
,
394
,
395
,
396
,
402
,
422
,
437
,
439
,
646

in First World War,
468–81
passim

and Versailles treaty,
484
,
485–6

during 1920s,
499
,
501
,
507–8
,
512

under Hitler,
554
,
555
,
557
,
627

in Second World War,
567
,
571–3
,
58
i> 623

after 1945,
578
,
579
,
584
,
590

West G.,
587
,
590
,
600

Geronimo,
62
,
69

Gerry, Elbridge,
145n
,
198
,
200

Gerrymandering,
145
,
409

Gettysburg Address,
337–8

Gettysburg, Battle of,
334
,
337–8
,
437

Ghana,
619

Ghent, peace of,
228
,
230
,
255
,
436

Gibraltar,
112–13
,
182

Gila river,
56n

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey,
7
,
12
,
13

Gilded Age,
383n

Gladstone, William Ewart,
112
,
469

Glasgow,
101

Glass, Sen. Carter,
463
,
526–7
,
533

Goebbels, Joseph,
581
,
623

Gold,
4
,
6
,
10–11
,
13
,
23
,
387
,
410
,
428
,
430
,
431
,
443
,
463
,
507
,
670

Gold standard
(see also
Currency
),
418
,
426
,
429–32
,
443
,
513
,
525–6

Gold-bugs,
429
,
430
,
431
,
443

Goldwater, Sen. Barry M.,
635
,
653
,
684

Gompers, Samuel,
377n
,
419–21
,
430
,
459
,
535

Gone with the Wind
,
285n

‘Good Neighbour’ policy,
552

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
692

Gould, Jay,
386–7
,
389
,
410
,
411
,
423–4
,
446