Patrick Henry (37 page)
Authors: Thomas S. Kidd
3
Lord Dunmore, “A Proclamation,” November 7, 1775, and Patrick Henry to the County Lieutenant of Westmoreland, November 20, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:334, 435â36.
Lord Dunmore, “A Proclamation,” November 7, 1775, and Patrick Henry to the County Lieutenant of Westmoreland, November 20, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:334, 435â36.
4
Robert W. Carter to Landon Carter, quoted in Michael McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2007), 101; “Commission for the Colonel of the First Regiment,” August 26, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 3:498.
Robert W. Carter to Landon Carter, quoted in Michael McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2007), 101; “Commission for the Colonel of the First Regiment,” August 26, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 3:498.
5
Virginia Committee of Safety, “Orders for Colonel William Woodford,” October 24, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:270; Virginia Committee of Safety, Vice President John Page to Patrick Henry, November 4, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:321.
Virginia Committee of Safety, “Orders for Colonel William Woodford,” October 24, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:270; Virginia Committee of Safety, Vice President John Page to Patrick Henry, November 4, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:321.
6
E. C. Branchi, “Memoirs of the Life and Voyages of Doctor Philip Mazzei,”
William and Mary Quarterly
2nd series, 9, no. 3 (July 1929): 173.
E. C. Branchi, “Memoirs of the Life and Voyages of Doctor Philip Mazzei,”
William and Mary Quarterly
2nd series, 9, no. 3 (July 1929): 173.
7
“A Few Anonymous Remarks on Lord Dunmore's Proclamation,”
Virginia Gazette
, November 23, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:459â62.
“A Few Anonymous Remarks on Lord Dunmore's Proclamation,”
Virginia Gazette
, November 23, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:459â62.
8
McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 135â40; Goochland County Committee,
Virginia Gazette
, November 29, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:491â92.
McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 135â40; Goochland County Committee,
Virginia Gazette
, November 29, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 4:491â92.
9
Letter from Richard Meade, December 18, 1775, in
The Bland Papers, Being a Selection from the Manuscripts of Colonel Theodorick Bland, Jr.
, ed. Charles Campbell (Petersburg, VA, 1840), 1:39; William Woodford quoted in John E. Selby,
The Revolution in Virginia, 1775â1783
(Williamsburg, VA,
1988), 73â74; Fourth Virginia Convention Proceedings, January 17, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 5:423.
Letter from Richard Meade, December 18, 1775, in
The Bland Papers, Being a Selection from the Manuscripts of Colonel Theodorick Bland, Jr.
, ed. Charles Campbell (Petersburg, VA, 1840), 1:39; William Woodford quoted in John E. Selby,
The Revolution in Virginia, 1775â1783
(Williamsburg, VA,
1988), 73â74; Fourth Virginia Convention Proceedings, January 17, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 5:423.
10
Patrick Henry to William Woodford, December 6, 1775, Newberry Library; Virginia Committee of Safety, “Instruction to Colonel Woodford,” in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 5:221.
Patrick Henry to William Woodford, December 6, 1775, Newberry Library; Virginia Committee of Safety, “Instruction to Colonel Woodford,” in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 5:221.
11
Edmund Pendleton to William Woodford, December 24, 1775, in
The Letters and Papers of Edmund Pendleton, 1734â1803
, ed. David John Mays (Charlottesville, VA, 1967), 1:141; George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26, 1776, in
Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
, ed. Theodore Crackel (Charlottesville, VA, 2007).
Edmund Pendleton to William Woodford, December 24, 1775, in
The Letters and Papers of Edmund Pendleton, 1734â1803
, ed. David John Mays (Charlottesville, VA, 1967), 1:141; George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26, 1776, in
Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
, ed. Theodore Crackel (Charlottesville, VA, 2007).
12
John Adams to Abigail Adams, February 13, 1776, in
Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774â1789
, ed. Paul H. Smith (Washington, DC, 1978), 3:241.
John Adams to Abigail Adams, February 13, 1776, in
Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774â1789
, ed. Paul H. Smith (Washington, DC, 1978), 3:241.
13
Virginia Committee of Safety Proceedings, February 28, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 6:149; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 181â83.
Virginia Committee of Safety Proceedings, February 28, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 6:149; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 181â83.
15
Ibid., March 15, 1776, supplement, 2.
Ibid., March 15, 1776, supplement, 2.
16
Richard Henry Lee to John Page, March 19, 1776, in Smith,
Letters of Delegates to Congress
, 3:408n.
Richard Henry Lee to John Page, March 19, 1776, in Smith,
Letters of Delegates to Congress
, 3:408n.
17
Virginia Gazette
(Purdie), February 2, 1776, 2; Lincoln MacVeagh, ed.,
The Journal of Nicholas Creswell, 1774â1777
(New York, 1924), 136; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 198â99.
Virginia Gazette
(Purdie), February 2, 1776, 2; Lincoln MacVeagh, ed.,
The Journal of Nicholas Creswell, 1774â1777
(New York, 1924), 136; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 198â99.
18
George Washington to Joseph Reed, April 1, 1776, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
.
George Washington to Joseph Reed, April 1, 1776, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
.
19
Richard Henry Lee to Patrick Henry, April 20, 1776, in
The Letters of Richard Henry Lee
, ed. James Curtis Ballagh (1911; New York, 1970), 1:176.
Richard Henry Lee to Patrick Henry, April 20, 1776, in
The Letters of Richard Henry Lee
, ed. James Curtis Ballagh (1911; New York, 1970), 1:176.
20
A Proclamation for a Continental Fast
, March 16, 1776, Philadelphia, broadside; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary
(Philadelphia, 1969), 102.
A Proclamation for a Continental Fast
, March 16, 1776, Philadelphia, broadside; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary
(Philadelphia, 1969), 102.
21
Charlotte County Committee, “A Public Letter of Instructions,” in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 6:447.
Charlotte County Committee, “A Public Letter of Instructions,” in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 6:447.
22
John Adams to James Warren, July 24, 1775, in
Warren-Adams Letters
, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford (Boston, 1917), 1:89; Charles Lee to
Patrick Henry, May 7, 1776, in
Collections of the New York Historical Society
5 (1872): 1â3.
John Adams to James Warren, July 24, 1775, in
Warren-Adams Letters
, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford (Boston, 1917), 1:89; Charles Lee to
Patrick Henry, May 7, 1776, in
Collections of the New York Historical Society
5 (1872): 1â3.
23
Edmund Randolph,
History of Virginia
, ed. Arthur H. Shaffer (Charlottesville, VA, 1970), 250; Resolution of Patrick Henry, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, vol. 7, part 1: 145â46.
Edmund Randolph,
History of Virginia
, ed. Arthur H. Shaffer (Charlottesville, VA, 1970), 250; Resolution of Patrick Henry, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, vol. 7, part 1: 145â46.
26
Patrick Henry to John Adams, May 20, 1776, in
Papers of John Adams
, ed. Robert J. Taylor (Cambridge, MA, 1979), 4:201.
Patrick Henry to John Adams, May 20, 1776, in
Papers of John Adams
, ed. Robert J. Taylor (Cambridge, MA, 1979), 4:201.
29
Ibid., 4:234; “Political cooks” quote in Andrew Burstein and Nancy Isenberg,
Madison and Jefferson
(New York, 2010), 34.
Ibid., 4:234; “Political cooks” quote in Andrew Burstein and Nancy Isenberg,
Madison and Jefferson
(New York, 2010), 34.
30
Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), at
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virginia.asp
; Randolph,
History of Virginia
, 253.
Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), at
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virginia.asp
; Randolph,
History of Virginia
, 253.
32
Patrick Henry, undated fragment, in William Wirt Henry,
Patrick Henry: Life, Correspondence, and Speeches
(New York, 1891), 1:116; Thomas J. Buckley, S.J., “Patrick Henry, Religious Liberty, and the Search for Civic Virtue,” in
The Forgotten Founders on Religion and Public Life
, ed. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark David Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison (Notre Dame, IN, 2009), 131â32.
Patrick Henry, undated fragment, in William Wirt Henry,
Patrick Henry: Life, Correspondence, and Speeches
(New York, 1891), 1:116; Thomas J. Buckley, S.J., “Patrick Henry, Religious Liberty, and the Search for Civic Virtue,” in
The Forgotten Founders on Religion and Public Life
, ed. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark David Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison (Notre Dame, IN, 2009), 131â32.
33
Third Virginia Convention, August 16, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 3:450â51, 453 n3; Thomas O'Gorman,
A History of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States
(New York, 1902), 252.
Third Virginia Convention, August 16, 1775, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 3:450â51, 453 n3; Thomas O'Gorman,
A History of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States
(New York, 1902), 252.
34
Fifth Virginia Convention, “Petition of Baptists of Prince William County,” May 19, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 188â89; Patrick Henry to the Ministers and Delegates of the Baptist Churches, August 13, 1776,
Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet
, September 3, 1776.
Fifth Virginia Convention, “Petition of Baptists of Prince William County,” May 19, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 188â89; Patrick Henry to the Ministers and Delegates of the Baptist Churches, August 13, 1776,
Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet
, September 3, 1776.
35
Virginia Declaration of Rights,
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virginia.asp
; Randolph,
History of Virginia
, 254; Thomas E. Buckley,
Church and State in Revolutionary Virginia, 1776â1787
(Charlottesville, VA, 1977), 17â19.
Virginia Declaration of Rights,
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virginia.asp
; Randolph,
History of Virginia
, 254; Thomas E. Buckley,
Church and State in Revolutionary Virginia, 1776â1787
(Charlottesville, VA, 1977), 17â19.
37
Ibid., 255â56.
Ibid., 255â56.
38
Patrick Henry to the President and House of Convention, June 29, 1776, in Patrick Henry papers, Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
Patrick Henry to the President and House of Convention, June 29, 1776, in Patrick Henry papers, Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
39
Fifth Virginia Convention, June 29, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 654â55; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 243â44.
Chapter 7: “Our Worthy Governor”: Patrick Henry in WartimeFifth Virginia Convention, June 29, 1776, in Scribner,
Revolutionary Virginia
, 654â55; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 243â44.
1
“Diary of Col. Landon Carter,”
William and Mary Quarterly
1st series, 20, no. 3 (January 1912): 180, 184.
“Diary of Col. Landon Carter,”
William and Mary Quarterly
1st series, 20, no. 3 (January 1912): 180, 184.
2
“Address of the First and Second Virginia Regiment to Patrick Henry, on His Appointment of Governour, Answer of the Governour,” July 1, 1776, in
American Archives: Documents of the American Revolution, 1774â1776
, at
http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch
.
“Address of the First and Second Virginia Regiment to Patrick Henry, on His Appointment of Governour, Answer of the Governour,” July 1, 1776, in
American Archives: Documents of the American Revolution, 1774â1776
, at
http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch
.
3
Michael A. McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2007), 250â51.
Michael A. McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2007), 250â51.
4
Virginia Gazette
(Purdie), August 2, 1776, 2; Brent Tarter and Robert L. Scribner, eds.,
Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence
(Charlottesville, VA, 1983), vol. 7, part 2: 669 n.3; George F. Willison,
Patrick Henry and His World
(Garden City, NY, 1969), 329.
Virginia Gazette
(Purdie), August 2, 1776, 2; Brent Tarter and Robert L. Scribner, eds.,
Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence
(Charlottesville, VA, 1983), vol. 7, part 2: 669 n.3; George F. Willison,
Patrick Henry and His World
(Garden City, NY, 1969), 329.
5
Patrick Henry to George Washington, September 20, 1776, in
The Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
, ed. Theodore Crackel (Charlottesville, VA, 2007).
Patrick Henry to George Washington, September 20, 1776, in
The Papers of George Washington: Digital Edition
, ed. Theodore Crackel (Charlottesville, VA, 2007).
6
George Washington to Patrick Henry, October 5, 1776, also on militias, George Washington to John Hancock, September 2, 1776, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary
(Philadelphia, 1969), 141â42.
George Washington to Patrick Henry, October 5, 1776, also on militias, George Washington to John Hancock, September 2, 1776, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Practical Revolutionary
(Philadelphia, 1969), 141â42.
7
Thomas Paine, “The American Crisis,” December 19, 1776, in Thomas Paine,
Common Sense and Related Writings
, ed. Thomas P. Slaughter (Boston, 2001), 126.
Thomas Paine, “The American Crisis,” December 19, 1776, in Thomas Paine,
Common Sense and Related Writings
, ed. Thomas P. Slaughter (Boston, 2001), 126.
8
Journal of the House of Delegates, December 21, 1776, in
Official Letters of the Governors of the State of Virginia
, ed. H. R. McIlwaine (Richmond, VA, 1926), 1:82â83.
Journal of the House of Delegates, December 21, 1776, in
Official Letters of the Governors of the State of Virginia
, ed. H. R. McIlwaine (Richmond, VA, 1926), 1:82â83.
9
David Waldstreicher, ed.
Notes on the State of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson with Related Documents
(Boston, 2002), 165.
David Waldstreicher, ed.
Notes on the State of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson with Related Documents
(Boston, 2002), 165.
10
Patrick Henry to Richard Henry Lee, March 28, 1777, in William Wirt Henry,
Patrick Henry: Life, Correspondence and Speeches
(New York, 1891), 1:515; Elizabeth A. Fenn,
Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775â82
(New York, 2001), 85, 94â95.
Patrick Henry to Richard Henry Lee, March 28, 1777, in William Wirt Henry,
Patrick Henry: Life, Correspondence and Speeches
(New York, 1891), 1:515; Elizabeth A. Fenn,
Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775â82
(New York, 2001), 85, 94â95.
12
George Washington to Patrick Henry, April 13, 1777, Patrick Henry to George Washington, September 5, 1777, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
; Patrick Henry to Charles Lewis, February 21, 1777, and March 15, 1777, in Patrick Henry papers, Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
George Washington to Patrick Henry, April 13, 1777, Patrick Henry to George Washington, September 5, 1777, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
; Patrick Henry to Charles Lewis, February 21, 1777, and March 15, 1777, in Patrick Henry papers, Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
13
McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 284â88; Patrick Henry to George Washington, October 30, 1777, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
.
McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 284â88; Patrick Henry to George Washington, October 30, 1777, in Crackel,
Papers of George Washington
.
14
Patrick Henry to George Wythe, October 22, 1777, Bancroft Library, University of California-Berkeley; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 295â96.
Patrick Henry to George Wythe, October 22, 1777, Bancroft Library, University of California-Berkeley; McDonnell,
Politics of War
, 295â96.
15
Articles of Confederation, Article I, at
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch1s7.html
.
Articles of Confederation, Article I, at
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch1s7.html
.
16
Ibid., Article VII.
Ibid., Article VII.
18
Ibid., November 7, 1777, 2.
Ibid., November 7, 1777, 2.
20
Patrick Griffin,
American Leviathan: Empire, Nation, and Revolutionary Frontier
(New York, 2007), 142; Secret instructions to Clark, January 2, 1778; George Wythe, George Mason, and Thomas Jefferson to George
Rogers Clark, January 3, 1778, in
George Rogers Clark Papers, 1771â1781
, ed. James A. James (1912; New York, 1972), 34.
Patrick Griffin,
American Leviathan: Empire, Nation, and Revolutionary Frontier
(New York, 2007), 142; Secret instructions to Clark, January 2, 1778; George Wythe, George Mason, and Thomas Jefferson to George
Rogers Clark, January 3, 1778, in
George Rogers Clark Papers, 1771â1781
, ed. James A. James (1912; New York, 1972), 34.
21
Patrick Henry to George Rogers Clark, January 24, 1778; Patrick Henry to Virginia Delegates in Congress, November 16, 1778; and Patrick Henry to George Rogers Clark, December 12, 1778, in James,
Clark Papers
, 72, 75; Griffin,
American Leviathan
, 142â43.
Patrick Henry to George Rogers Clark, January 24, 1778; Patrick Henry to Virginia Delegates in Congress, November 16, 1778; and Patrick Henry to George Rogers Clark, December 12, 1778, in James,
Clark Papers
, 72, 75; Griffin,
American Leviathan
, 142â43.
22
Patrick Henry to Benjamin Harrison, May 19, 1779, in James,
Clark Papers
, 322; Griffin,
American Leviathan
, 143â45.
Patrick Henry to Benjamin Harrison, May 19, 1779, in James,
Clark Papers
, 322; Griffin,
American Leviathan
, 143â45.
23
George Rogers Clark to Patrick Henry, February 3, 1779, and March 9, 1779, in James,
Clark Papers
, 97, 304.
George Rogers Clark to Patrick Henry, February 3, 1779, and March 9, 1779, in James,
Clark Papers
, 97, 304.
24
Thomas Jefferson to George Rogers Clark, November 26, 1782, in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Julian P. Boyd (Princeton, NJ, 1952), 6:205; John E. Selby,
The Revolution in Virginia, 1775â1783
(Charlottesville, VA, 1988), 202â03.
Thomas Jefferson to George Rogers Clark, November 26, 1782, in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Julian P. Boyd (Princeton, NJ, 1952), 6:205; John E. Selby,
The Revolution in Virginia, 1775â1783
(Charlottesville, VA, 1988), 202â03.
25
[Benjamin Rush] to Patrick Henry, January 12, 1778, in L. H. Butterfield,
Letters of Benjamin Rush
(Princeton, NJ, 1951), 1:182â83.
[Benjamin Rush] to Patrick Henry, January 12, 1778, in L. H. Butterfield,
Letters of Benjamin Rush
(Princeton, NJ, 1951), 1:182â83.
26
Patrick Henry to George Washington, February 20, 1778, and Henry to Washington, March 5, 1778, in Crackel,
Papers of Washington
.
Patrick Henry to George Washington, February 20, 1778, and Henry to Washington, March 5, 1778, in Crackel,
Papers of Washington
.
27
George Washington to Patrick Henry, March 27, 1778, and Washington to Henry, March 28, 1778, in ibid; Alyn Brodsky,
Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician
(New York, 2004), 246, 377 n.2.
George Washington to Patrick Henry, March 27, 1778, and Washington to Henry, March 28, 1778, in ibid; Alyn Brodsky,
Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician
(New York, 2004), 246, 377 n.2.
28
George Washington to Henry Lee, August 26, 1794, and Henry to Washington, February 20, 1778, n.1, in Crackel,
Papers of Washington
.
George Washington to Henry Lee, August 26, 1794, and Henry to Washington, February 20, 1778, n.1, in Crackel,
Papers of Washington
.
31
Colonel William Preston to Patrick Henry, November 25, 1778, in “Preston Papers,” ed. R. B. Marston,
John P. Branch Historical Papers of Randolph-Macon College
4, no. 3 (June 1915): 297â98; Emory G. Evans, “Trouble in the Backcountry: Disaffection in Southwest Virginia During the American Revolution,” in
An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry during the
American Revolution
, ed. Ronald Hoffman, Thad W. Tate, and Peter J. Albert (Charlottesville, VA, 1985), 190.
Colonel William Preston to Patrick Henry, November 25, 1778, in “Preston Papers,” ed. R. B. Marston,
John P. Branch Historical Papers of Randolph-Macon College
4, no. 3 (June 1915): 297â98; Emory G. Evans, “Trouble in the Backcountry: Disaffection in Southwest Virginia During the American Revolution,” in
An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry during the
American Revolution
, ed. Ronald Hoffman, Thad W. Tate, and Peter J. Albert (Charlottesville, VA, 1985), 190.
34
Continental Congress,
Proclamation
(Hartford, CT, 1779); Patrick Henry recommendation, April 6, 1779, in McIlwaine,
Official Letters
, 364â65.
Continental Congress,
Proclamation
(Hartford, CT, 1779); Patrick Henry recommendation, April 6, 1779, in McIlwaine,
Official Letters
, 364â65.
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