Patrick Henry (35 page)
Authors: Thomas S. Kidd
10
Narrative of Col. Samuel Meredith, Patrick Henry Papers, Library of Congress, 1; also in Henry,
Patrick Henry
, 1:8â9; David A. McCants,
Patrick Henry, The Orator
(Westport, CT, 1990), 12. For Henry's reading and intellectual world, see Kevin J. Hayes,
The Mind of a Patriot: Patrick Henry and the World of Ideas
(Charlottesville, VA, 2008).
Narrative of Col. Samuel Meredith, Patrick Henry Papers, Library of Congress, 1; also in Henry,
Patrick Henry
, 1:8â9; David A. McCants,
Patrick Henry, The Orator
(Westport, CT, 1990), 12. For Henry's reading and intellectual world, see Kevin J. Hayes,
The Mind of a Patriot: Patrick Henry and the World of Ideas
(Charlottesville, VA, 2008).
11
Philip Vickers Fithian to Enoch Green, December 1, 1773, in
Philip Vickers Fithian Journal and Letters, 1767â1774
, ed. John R. Williams (Princeton, NJ, 1900), 278.
Philip Vickers Fithian to Enoch Green, December 1, 1773, in
Philip Vickers Fithian Journal and Letters, 1767â1774
, ed. John R. Williams (Princeton, NJ, 1900), 278.
14
Ibid., October 7, 1737, p. 3.
Ibid., October 7, 1737, p. 3.
15
T. H. Breen,
Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution
, 2nd ed. (Princeton, NJ, 2001), xiii.
T. H. Breen,
Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution
, 2nd ed. (Princeton, NJ, 2001), xiii.
16
Quoted in T. H. Breen,
The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence
(New York, 2004), 124; Breen,
Tobacco Culture
, 38.
Quoted in T. H. Breen,
The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence
(New York, 2004), 124; Breen,
Tobacco Culture
, 38.
17
Narrative of Col. Samuel Meredith, 3; William Wirt,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry
(New York, 1857), 29.
Narrative of Col. Samuel Meredith, 3; William Wirt,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry
(New York, 1857), 29.
20
James Reid, “The Religion of the Bible and Religion of King William County Compared,” in
The Colonial Virginia Satirist: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Commentaries on Politics, Religion, and Society
, ed. Richard Beale Davis (Philadelphia, 1967), 56.
James Reid, “The Religion of the Bible and Religion of King William County Compared,” in
The Colonial Virginia Satirist: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Commentaries on Politics, Religion, and Society
, ed. Richard Beale Davis (Philadelphia, 1967), 56.
21
Journal of the House of Burgesses
(Williamsburg, VA, 1736), 27; Virginia Assembly, “An Act Concerning Servants and Slaves,” 1705, at
www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/xslt/servlet/XSLTServlet?xsl=/xml_docs/slavery/documents/display_laws2.xsl&xml=/xml_docs/slavery/documents/laws.xml&lawi=1705
â10â03. Thanks to Charles Irons for help with this reference.
Journal of the House of Burgesses
(Williamsburg, VA, 1736), 27; Virginia Assembly, “An Act Concerning Servants and Slaves,” 1705, at
www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/xslt/servlet/XSLTServlet?xsl=/xml_docs/slavery/documents/display_laws2.xsl&xml=/xml_docs/slavery/documents/laws.xml&lawi=1705
â10â03. Thanks to Charles Irons for help with this reference.
26
Fred Anderson,
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
(New York, 2000), 5â7.
Fred Anderson,
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
(New York, 2000), 5â7.
27
Samuel Davies,
Religion and Patriotism: The Constituents of a Good Soldier
(Philadelphia, 1755), 4â5.
Samuel Davies,
Religion and Patriotism: The Constituents of a Good Soldier
(Philadelphia, 1755), 4â5.
32
“Journal of a French Traveller in the Colonies, 1765, I,”
American Historical Review
26, no. 4 (July 1921): 742â743.
“Journal of a French Traveller in the Colonies, 1765, I,”
American Historical Review
26, no. 4 (July 1921): 742â743.
35
Wirt,
Sketches
, 34â36. The account of Randolph's interview is based on a second-hand report of Judge John Tyler to Wirt.
Chapter 2: “The Infatuation of New Light”:Wirt,
Sketches
, 34â36. The account of Randolph's interview is based on a second-hand report of Judge John Tyler to Wirt.
The Great Awakening and the Parsons' Cause
1
James Maury to John Camm, December 12, 1763, in James Maury letterbook, in Sol Feinstone Collection of the American Revolution, microfilm, reel 2; Richard R. Beeman,
Patrick Henry: A Biography
(New York, 1974), 15â20.
James Maury to John Camm, December 12, 1763, in James Maury letterbook, in Sol Feinstone Collection of the American Revolution, microfilm, reel 2; Richard R. Beeman,
Patrick Henry: A Biography
(New York, 1974), 15â20.
2
Thomas S. Kidd,
The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America
(New Haven, CT, 2007), 235â36.
Thomas S. Kidd,
The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America
(New Haven, CT, 2007), 235â36.
3
“Tutored” quote in Jack P. Greene, “Society, Ideology, and Politics: An Analysis of the Political Culture of Mid-Eighteenth Century Virginia,” in Jack P. Greene,
Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History
(Charlottesville, VA, 1994), 264.
“Tutored” quote in Jack P. Greene, “Society, Ideology, and Politics: An Analysis of the Political Culture of Mid-Eighteenth Century Virginia,” in Jack P. Greene,
Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History
(Charlottesville, VA, 1994), 264.
5
King James I quoted in Perry Miller, “Religion and Society in the Early Literature of Virginia,” in
Errand into the Wilderness
, ed. Perry Miller (Cambridge, MA, 1956), 101; H. J. Eckenrode,
Separation of Church and State in Virginia: A Study in the Development of the Revolution
(1910; New York, 1971), 5â6.
King James I quoted in Perry Miller, “Religion and Society in the Early Literature of Virginia,” in
Errand into the Wilderness
, ed. Perry Miller (Cambridge, MA, 1956), 101; H. J. Eckenrode,
Separation of Church and State in Virginia: A Study in the Development of the Revolution
(1910; New York, 1971), 5â6.
6
Charles F. James,
Documentary History of the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Virginia
(Lynchburg, VA, 1900), 18â20.
Charles F. James,
Documentary History of the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Virginia
(Lynchburg, VA, 1900), 18â20.
7
William H. Foote,
Sketches of Virginia Historical and Biographical
(Philadelphia, 1850), 44â45; Chris Beneke,
Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism
(New York, 2006), 34â36.
William H. Foote,
Sketches of Virginia Historical and Biographical
(Philadelphia, 1850), 44â45; Chris Beneke,
Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism
(New York, 2006), 34â36.
8
Jonathan Edwards, “A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God,” in
A Jonathan Edwards Reader
, ed. John Smith, et al. (New Haven, CT, 1995), 63.
Jonathan Edwards, “A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God,” in
A Jonathan Edwards Reader
, ed. John Smith, et al. (New Haven, CT, 1995), 63.
9
Robert H. Bishop,
An Outline of the History of the Church in the State of Kentucky
(Lexington, KY, 1824), 40.
Robert H. Bishop,
An Outline of the History of the Church in the State of Kentucky
(Lexington, KY, 1824), 40.
11
Patrick Henry to William Dawson, October 14, 1745, in “Letters of Patrick Henry, Sr., Samuel Davies, James Maury, Edwin Conway and George Trask,”
William and Mary Quarterly
2nd series, 1, no. 4 (October 1921): 266â67.
Patrick Henry to William Dawson, October 14, 1745, in “Letters of Patrick Henry, Sr., Samuel Davies, James Maury, Edwin Conway and George Trask,”
William and Mary Quarterly
2nd series, 1, no. 4 (October 1921): 266â67.
13
Samuel Davies to the Bishop of London, January 10, 1752, in Foote,
Sketches of Virginia
, 183â84; Rhys Isaac, “Religion and Authority: Problems of the Anglican Establishment in Virginia in the Era of the Great Awakening and the Parsons' Cause,”
William and Mary Quarterly
3rd series, 30, no. 1 (January 1973): 26.
Samuel Davies to the Bishop of London, January 10, 1752, in Foote,
Sketches of Virginia
, 183â84; Rhys Isaac, “Religion and Authority: Problems of the Anglican Establishment in Virginia in the Era of the Great Awakening and the Parsons' Cause,”
William and Mary Quarterly
3rd series, 30, no. 1 (January 1973): 26.
15
Soame Jenyns,
A View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion
, 10th ed. (Richmond, VA, 1787), 28; Narrative of Colonel Samuel Meredith, Patrick Henry Papers, Library of Congress, 2.
Soame Jenyns,
A View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion
, 10th ed. (Richmond, VA, 1787), 28; Narrative of Colonel Samuel Meredith, Patrick Henry Papers, Library of Congress, 2.
16
Narrative of Meredith, 2â3; Philip Doddridge,
The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul
, 6th ed. (Boston, 1749), 9.
Narrative of Meredith, 2â3; Philip Doddridge,
The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul
, 6th ed. (Boston, 1749), 9.
17
Narrative of Meredith, 3.
Narrative of Meredith, 3.
18
James Maury to John Fontaine, June 15, 1756, in Ann Maury, trans. and comp.,
Memoirs of a Huguenot Family
(New York, 1853), 402; Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 11â13.
James Maury to John Fontaine, June 15, 1756, in Ann Maury, trans. and comp.,
Memoirs of a Huguenot Family
(New York, 1853), 402; Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 11â13.
19
Governor Dinwiddie to the Bishop of London, September 12, 1757, in
Historical Collections Relating to the American Colonial Church
, ed. William Stevens Perry (1870; New York, 1969), 455; Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 13â14.
Governor Dinwiddie to the Bishop of London, September 12, 1757, in
Historical Collections Relating to the American Colonial Church
, ed. William Stevens Perry (1870; New York, 1969), 455; Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 13â14.
20
John Camm, “The Humble Representation of the Clergy,” in
Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750â1776
, ed. Bernard Bailyn (Cambridge, MA, 1965), 1:353; Landon Carter,
A Letter to the Right Reverend Father in God
(Williamsburg, VA, 1759), 8.
John Camm, “The Humble Representation of the Clergy,” in
Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750â1776
, ed. Bernard Bailyn (Cambridge, MA, 1965), 1:353; Landon Carter,
A Letter to the Right Reverend Father in God
(Williamsburg, VA, 1759), 8.
21
William Kay to the Bishop of London, June 14, 1752, quoted in Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 8.
William Kay to the Bishop of London, June 14, 1752, quoted in Isaac, “Religion and Authority,” 8.
23
Bailyn,
Pamphlets
, 1:295; “turbulent” quote from Jack P. Greene,
The Quest for Power: The Lower Houses of Assembly in the Southern Royal Colonies, 1689â1776
(Chapel Hill, NC, 1963), 359; Fauquier quote in Thomas J. Wertenbaker,
Give Me Liberty: The Struggle for Self-Government in Virginia
(Philadelphia, 1958), 214.
Bailyn,
Pamphlets
, 1:295; “turbulent” quote from Jack P. Greene,
The Quest for Power: The Lower Houses of Assembly in the Southern Royal Colonies, 1689â1776
(Chapel Hill, NC, 1963), 359; Fauquier quote in Thomas J. Wertenbaker,
Give Me Liberty: The Struggle for Self-Government in Virginia
(Philadelphia, 1958), 214.
25
Leonard W. Labaree,
Royal Government in America: A Study of the British Colonial System Before 1783
(New Haven, CT, 1930), 264â65.
Leonard W. Labaree,
Royal Government in America: A Study of the British Colonial System Before 1783
(New Haven, CT, 1930), 264â65.
27
Maury to Camm, December 12, 1763.
Maury to Camm, December 12, 1763.
28
Carl R. Loundsbury,
The Courthouses of Early Virginia: An Architectural History
(Charlottesville, VA, 2005), 88â89, 151â52.
Carl R. Loundsbury,
The Courthouses of Early Virginia: An Architectural History
(Charlottesville, VA, 2005), 88â89, 151â52.
29
Maury to Camm, December 12, 1763.
Maury to Camm, December 12, 1763.
30
Ibid.
Ibid.
31
John Camm,
A Review of the Rector Detected
(Williamsburg, VA, 1764), 23; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Patriot in the Making
(Philadelphia, 1957), 136â37.
John Camm,
A Review of the Rector Detected
(Williamsburg, VA, 1764), 23; Robert Douthat Meade,
Patrick Henry: Patriot in the Making
(Philadelphia, 1957), 136â37.
33
Charles S. Sydnor,
Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia
(1952; Westport, CT, 1984), 51â54.
Charles S. Sydnor,
Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia
(1952; Westport, CT, 1984), 51â54.
34
John Pendleton Kennedy, ed.,
Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1761â1765
(Richmond, VA, 1907), 271â72.
Chapter 3: “If This Be Treason”: The Stamp Act CrisisJohn Pendleton Kennedy, ed.,
Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1761â1765
(Richmond, VA, 1907), 271â72.
1
“Journal of a French Traveler in the Colonies, 1765,”
American Historical Review
26, no. 4 (July 1921): 745.
“Journal of a French Traveler in the Colonies, 1765,”
American Historical Review
26, no. 4 (July 1921): 745.
2
“Line of treason” quote in Edmund Pendleton to James Madison, April 21, 1790, in
The Letters and Papers of Edmund Pendleton, 1734â1803
, ed. David John Mays (Charlottesville, VA, 1967), 2:565; Richard R. Beeman,
Patrick Henry: A Biography
(New York, 1974), 37â38.
“Line of treason” quote in Edmund Pendleton to James Madison, April 21, 1790, in
The Letters and Papers of Edmund Pendleton, 1734â1803
, ed. David John Mays (Charlottesville, VA, 1967), 2:565; Richard R. Beeman,
Patrick Henry: A Biography
(New York, 1974), 37â38.
3
“Heard” quote in Thomas Jefferson, “Autobiography,” 1821, at
www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffauto.htm
; “baffled” quote in Thomas Jefferson to William Wirt, August 14, 1814, in
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Albert E. Bergh (Washington, DC, 1907), 13:169.
“Heard” quote in Thomas Jefferson, “Autobiography,” 1821, at
www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/jeffauto.htm
; “baffled” quote in Thomas Jefferson to William Wirt, August 14, 1814, in
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Albert E. Bergh (Washington, DC, 1907), 13:169.
4
Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan,
The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution
, rev. ed. (New York: 1962), 36â37; Fred Anderson,
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
(New York, 2000), 547â48.
Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan,
The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution
, rev. ed. (New York: 1962), 36â37; Fred Anderson,
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
(New York, 2000), 547â48.
5
John Pendleton Kennedy, ed.,
Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1761â1765
(Richmond, VA, 1907), 303; Morgan and Morgan,
Stamp Act
, 58, 87â88; Walter Isaacson,
Benjamin Franklin: An American Life
(New York, 2003), 223.
John Pendleton Kennedy, ed.,
Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1761â1765
(Richmond, VA, 1907), 303; Morgan and Morgan,
Stamp Act
, 58, 87â88; Walter Isaacson,
Benjamin Franklin: An American Life
(New York, 2003), 223.
8
Kennedy,
Journals
, 345. On the qualities of the most powerful House members in the eighteenth century, Jack P. Greene, “Foundations of Political Power in the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1720â76,” in Jack P. Greene,
Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History
(Charlottesville, VA, 1994), 238â58.
Kennedy,
Journals
, 345. On the qualities of the most powerful House members in the eighteenth century, Jack P. Greene, “Foundations of Political Power in the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1720â76,” in Jack P. Greene,
Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History
(Charlottesville, VA, 1994), 238â58.
9
Thomas Jefferson to William Wirt, in S. V. Henkels, ed., “Jefferson's Recollections of Patrick Henry,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
34, no. 4 (1910): 388; T. H. Breen,
Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution
, 2nd ed. (Princeton, NJ, 2001), 189â90.
Thomas Jefferson to William Wirt, in S. V. Henkels, ed., “Jefferson's Recollections of Patrick Henry,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
34, no. 4 (1910): 388; T. H. Breen,
Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution
, 2nd ed. (Princeton, NJ, 2001), 189â90.
15
Ibid., 161â64.
Ibid., 161â64.
16
James Mercer Garnett, “James Mercer,”
William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine
17, no. 2 (October 1908): 88.
James Mercer Garnett, “James Mercer,”
William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine
17, no. 2 (October 1908): 88.
18
Ibid., lxxâlxxi.
Ibid., lxxâlxxi.
20
House of Commons,
The Examination of Doctor Benjamin Franklin
(Philadelphia, 1766), 3â4; Isaacson,
Benjamin Franklin
, 229â31.
House of Commons,
The Examination of Doctor Benjamin Franklin
(Philadelphia, 1766), 3â4; Isaacson,
Benjamin Franklin
, 229â31.
22
George Mason to the Committee of Merchants in London, June 6, 1766, in
The Papers of George Mason
, ed. Robert A. Rutland (Chapel Hill, NC, 1970), 1:65â66; Jeff Broadwater,
George Mason: Forgotten Founder
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2006), 38â39.
George Mason to the Committee of Merchants in London, June 6, 1766, in
The Papers of George Mason
, ed. Robert A. Rutland (Chapel Hill, NC, 1970), 1:65â66; Jeff Broadwater,
George Mason: Forgotten Founder
(Chapel Hill, NC, 2006), 38â39.
23
“Journal of a French Traveler,” 747.
“Journal of a French Traveler,” 747.
24
William Robinson to the Bishop of London, August 12, 1765, in
Historical Collections Relating to the American Colonial Church
, ed. William Stevens Perry (1870; New York, 1969), 515.
William Robinson to the Bishop of London, August 12, 1765, in
Historical Collections Relating to the American Colonial Church
, ed. William Stevens Perry (1870; New York, 1969), 515.
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