Overlord (Pan Military Classics) (67 page)

A
IRMEN

1
 Harris quoted in Hastings,
Bomber Command
, p. 257

2
 Craven & Cate,
The US Army Air Forces in World War II
, vol. ii, p. 735

3
 Hastings (op. cit.), p. 275

4
 Carl F. Spaatz, diary, 21.i.44, in Spaatz papers, Box 15, Library of Congress

5
 Spaatz papers, Box 14 (loc. cit.)

6
 Quesada, interview with the author, 5.vii.83

7
 
Ibid
.

8
 Gavin, interview with the author, 8.vii.83

9
 Vandenberg, diary, 24.iii.83, MS Division, Library of Congress

10
 PRO WO216/139

I
NVADERS

1
 Wilson, interview with the author, 20.vi.83

2
 
Ibid
.

3
 Gosling, interview with the author, 21.vi.83

4
 Richardson, interview with the author, 21.vii.83

5
 Priest, interview with the author (pseudonym at subject’s request), 14.vi.83

6
  Portway, interview with the author, 13.vii.83

7
 Heal, interview with the author, 27.vi.83

8
 Bramall, interview with the author, 28.vi.83

9
 PRO WO216/101

10
 Bach, interview with the author, 30.vi.83

11
 Weigley,
Eisenhower’s Lieutenants
, p. 31

12
 Patton,
War as I Knew it
, p. 336

13
 Butcher, diary, unexpurgated MS, Eisenhower Library

14
 
et seq
. Higgins, interview with the author, 3.vii.83

15
 
et seq
. Herman, interview with the author, 3.vii.83

16
 Pre-war American tactical doctrine dictated that forces advance with the weight of their fighting power centred in valleys, their flanks on hilltops. This proved absurd in the face of German defenders who invariably concentrated their strength on available high ground.

17
 Colacicco, interview with the author, 6.vii.83

18
 Bradley (op. cit.), pp. 226–7

19
 Marshall, on sacking corps commanders

20
 Colacicco, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

21
 Herman, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

22
 Walsh, interview with the author, 1.vii.83

23
 
et seq
. Raymond, interview with the author, 2.vii.83

24
 Svboda, interview with the author, 3.vii.83

25
 Papers of Admiral Allen G. Kirk, US Navy Archives, Washington DC

26
 Original letter in possession of Herman

27
 Quoted in Hamilton (op. cit.), p. 570

28
 Bradley (op. cit.), p. 223

29
 
inter alia
Gavin, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

30
 Bradley (op. cit.), p. 209

31
 
et seq
. Reisler, interview with the author, 5.vii.83

D
EFENDERS

1
 Warlimont,
Inside Hitler’s Headquarters
, p. 403

2
 Ehrman (op. cit.), p. 108

3
 
Ibid
., pp. 406–7

4
 
Ibid
.

5
 To the Dominions Secretary;
Churchill
, vol. v (op. cit.), p. 602

6
 Cruickshank,
Deception in World War II
, p. 186

7
 German forecasting was drastically impeded by the loss of their outlying weather stations. Their blindness in meteorology, as in military intelligence, contributed directly to the German high command’s unpreparedness on D-Day. Where Group-Captain Stagg and his colleagues had predicted the ‘window’ of reasonable weather which would follow the poor conditions prevailing in the Channel on 5 June, their German counterparts had not.

8
 In the British press, drawing entirely unwarranted conclusions from material contained in West,
MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909–45

9
 To the author, 25.ix.83

10
 Most sensationally, Irving,
The Trail of the Fox
; Cave-Brown,
Bodyguard of Lies

11
 Cruickshank (op. cit.), p. 213

12
 To the author, 14.vi.83

13
 Irving,
Trail of the Fox
, p. 320

14
 Interview with the author, 3.v.83

15
 Schaaf, interview with the author, 4.v.83

16
 
Ibid
.

17
 Interview with the author, 2.v.83

18
 Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p. 332

19
 Interview with the author, 6.v.83

O
VERTURE

1
 Quoted in Harrison,
Cross Channel Attack
, p. 274

2
 Combat narrative from Cota papers in Eisenhower Library

3
 Letter to the author, 16.iii.82

4
 This, and all subsequent F. O. Richardson quotations, from unpublished narrative loaned to the author, or interview of 2.vii.83

5
 Quoted in Hamilton,
Montgomery: Master of the Battlefield
, p. 561

6
 See note 7 to Chapter 2,
DEFENDERS

7
 For instance, Cooper,
The German Army: Its Political and Military Failure 1933–45
, p. 502

8
 Interview with the author, 6.viii.83

9
 Gosset & Lecomte,
Caen pendant la Bataille
, p. 26

10
 Extract loaned to the author

11
 Barrett, privately printed narrative on
The First Ship Sunk on D-Day
, loaned to the author

12
 
Ibid
.

13
 Diary loaned to the author

14
 Williams, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

15
 Fraser,
Alanbrooke
, p. 423

16
 Interview with the author, 4.vii.83

T
HE
A
MERICAN BEACHES

1
 Quoted in Carell,
Invasion – They’re Coming
, pp. 49
et seq
.

2
 
Ibid
., pp. 80
et seq
.

3
 Bradley (op. cit.), p. 270

4
 
Ibid
.

5
 Interview with the author, 3.vii.83

6
 Interview with the author, 1.vii.83

7
 Letter to the author

8
 Rehm, interview with the author, 3.vii.83

9
 Cota papers, combat narrative (op. cit.)

10
 
Ibid
.

11
 For example, see Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
; Howarth,
Dawn of D-Day

12
 Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, pp. 253
et seq
.

T
HE
B
RITISH BEACHES

1
 ;Unpublished narrative loaned to the author

2
 ;Unpublished narrative loaned to the author

I
NLAND

1
 Warlimont,
Inside Hitler’s Headquarters
, p. 431

2
 Narrative published in the regimental magazine of the King’s Own Shropshire Light Infantry

3
 I Corps operational order in PRO W0171/258

4
 Carell (op. cit.), p. 106

5
 Diary loaned to the author

6
 Bradley,
A General’s Life
, p. 253

7
 Craven & Cate,
The US Army Air Forces in World War II
, vol. iii, p. 181

C
LOSING THE LINES

1
 Quoted in Brett-Smith,
Hitler’s Generals
, p. 162

2
 Schaaf, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

3
 Stacey,
The Victory Campaign
, vol. iii, p. 133

4
 
Ibid
., p. 137

5
 Raymond, interview with the author, 30.vi.83

6
 Hamilton,
Montgomery: Master of the Battlefield
, p. 631

7
 
Ibid
., p. 596

8
 Williams, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

9
 Wilson,
Flamethrower
, pp. 74–5

V
ILLERS
-B
OCAGE

1
 Author’s interview with 7th Armoured eye-witness

2
 Fergusson,
The Black Watch and the King’s Enemies
, p. 206

3
 Salmud,
History of the 51st Highland Division
(Edinburgh, 1953), p. 144

4
 Kortenhaus, interview with the author, 6.iv.83

5
 Hamilton (op. cit.), p. 649

6
 Carell (op. cit.), p. 169

7
 Peter Roach,
The 8.15 To War
(London, 1982), pp. 138–9

8
 Lockwood, interview with the author, 9.xi.82

9
 Carver, interview with the author, 22.vi.83

10
 Dempsey, interview with Chester Wilmot, Liddell Hart papers, King’s College, London

EPSOM

1
 Woollcombe,
Lion Rampant
, p. 49

2
 Bramall, interview with the author, 28.vi.83

3
 Woollcombe (op. cit.), p. 60

4
 Baker, unpublished narrative loaned to the author

5
 Richardson, interview with the author, 21.vii.83

6
 Dyson, interview with the author, 28.i.83

7
 Wilson, interview with the author, 14.ii.83

8
 Priest, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

9
 Montgomery, interview with Wilmot, Liddell Hart papers, King’s College, London

10
 For instance, Hamilton (op. cit.)

11
 
Ibid
., p. 590

12
 Quoted in Ellis,
Normandy
, p. 261

13
 Leigh-Mallory, diary, PRO AIR 37

14
 Brooke, diary, 31.iii.43; Bryant (op. cit.), p. 297

15
 PRO CAB106/1092, 15.vii.44

16
 Quoted in Hamilton (op. cit.), pp. 714–15

17
 War Office,
Current Reports From Overseas
, 8.vii.44, Staff College Library

18
 
Ibid
., no. 44

19
 Interview with the author, 24.vi.83

20
 PRO WO205/118

21
 C-in-C’s order quoted in
Current Reports from Overseas
(op. cit.)

22
 
Ibid
., no. 54

23
 PRO WO208/3193

24
 
Current Reports
(op. cit.), no. 58

25
 PRO WO208/393. For a further fascinating, damning but unbiased view of British tactics and of the British army’s general performance in Normandy, see the notes of Brigadier James Hargest, New Zealand observer with XXX Corps, in PRO CAB 106/1060

26
 Richardson, interview with the author (loc. cit.)

27
 Grigg papers, Churchill College, Cambridge. The name of the commanding officer concerned is given in the document, but is omitted here to spare personal embarrassment.

28
 
Ibid
.

29
 
Lessons of Normandy
, Liddell Hart papers, King’s College, London

30
 Williams, interview with the author (loc. cit.)