Of Beards and Men: The Revealing History of Facial Hair (43 page)
Read Of Beards and Men: The Revealing History of Facial Hair Online
Authors: Christopher Oldstone-Moore
Phoenicians,
33
Pitt, Brad,
265
Plato,
113
Plutarch,
39–40
policemen,
188
,
219
,
253–55
,
280–81
Pompey,
51
popes,
82–87
,
89
,
93
,
98
,
101
,
104
,
108–11
,
148
Portugal,
83
Poseidon,
45
Potok, Chaim,
277
Power, Tyrone,
225
Praxiteles,
48–49
priesthood,
290–91
; Hebrew,
22
,
32
,
36–37
; Mesopotamian,
19–29
,
32
,
37
; Orthodox Christian,
85
,
139–43
,
172
,
228
,
274
; Roman Catholic,
83–89
,
109–114
,
304n33
; and shaving,
19–29
;
32
,
36
,
84–85
,
87–88
,
96
,
109–14
,
290
.
See also
monks
Procter & Gamble Company,
1
professors,
112
,
121
,
194
,
255
,
257
,
260
Protestants,
112–14
,
133
,
136–37
.
See also
Amish
;
Evangelicals
;
Mennonites
Prussia,
152
,
155
,
170
,
204
,
207–8
,
229
Punch
,
186–87
Rado, James,
239
Ragni, Gerome,
238–39
Ratramnus,
85
Renaissance,
4
,
105–30
,
137
,
157–58
,
171
,
187
,
191–92
,
289
Ribera, Fernando Afán de,
125
Ribera, Jusepe de,
125–26
Rigaud, Hyacinthe,
131–33
Robert, Duke of Normandy,
95
Robertson, Willie,
273–74
romanticism: of the 1960s,
242–43
; of the aristocracy,
163–70
; of Beethoven,
151
; and chivalry,
160
,
163–64
,
170
; confronting conservatives in France,
156–60
; of Friedrich Jahn,
152–56
,
161
,
172
,
204
,
285
; look to history,
152–55
,
160
,
163–64
,
173
; in military,
166–69
; and Napoleon,
151
; of Saint-Simonians,
160
; of Victor Hugo,
157–59
; of Young France,
158
,
172
Rome, ancient,
3
,
48–62
,
64–65
,
68
,
72
,
75–77
,
83
,
113
,
116
; medieval,
82–84
,
86
,
88
; modern,
173
; renaissance,
108–10
,
113
Rosenbaum, Ron,
230
Rousseau, Jean Jacques,
144–45
Rubin, Jerry,
243
Russia,
137–45
,
149
,
166
,
172–73
,
226
Russian Orthodox Church,
139–44
Saint Apollinaire Nuovo (Ravenna),
70–71
Saint-Simonians,
159
Salzman, Marian,
264
Sandow, Eugen,
204–8
San Francisco,
239
,
242
,
252
,
261–63
Santa Costanza, Church of (Rome),
72
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus,
68–69
Sargon of Akkad,
23–27
Saunier, Baudry de,
204
Saxony,
136–37
Scaliger, Julius Caesar,
122
Schönland, Samuel Theodor,
136–37
Schopenhauer, Arthur,
174
Schusser, Joseph,
221
Scipio Aemilianus,
49–52
Scipio Africanus,
50
Serlo, Bishop of Séez,
95–97
Seymour, Jane Georgiana, Duchess,
163–64
Shakespeare, William,
116–20
,
123–24
shaving: as default mode in history,
3
,
290
; healthfulness of,
213
,
218–19
; heroic,
3
,
45
,
47–48
,
51–52
,
215
,
217
,
234
,
289
,
316n2
; manliness of,
2–4
,
20
,
40
,
44–45
,
48
,
50
,
52
,
61–62
,
79
,
87
,
93–94
,
104
,
109
,
131
,
140
,
145
,
203
,
208
,
217
,
219–20
,
233
,
260
,
289–91
; and piety,
83–85
,
88–89
,
93
,
96–97
,
99
,
110
,
274
; pubic hair,
267
; purity,
19
,
23
,
29
,
32
,
36–37
,
84
,
316
; and sacrifice,
22–23
,
96
; shamefulness of,
32
,
41–42
,
44
,
56
,
88–89
,
112
,
255
; technology,
2
,
216
,
218
; unmanliness of,
3
,
42–43
,
56–57
,
61–62
,
89
,
96
,
111–12
,
135
,
148
,
264
; virtuousness of,
12
,
17
,
61
,
79
,
83
,
96
,
101
,
104
,
109
,
113
,
145
,
157
,
213
,
217–20
,
232
,
240–41
; and youthfulness,
3
,
42
,
45
,
48
,
52
,
59
,
89
,
118
,
203
,
213
,
217
,
219–20
,
229
,
266
,
280
.
See also
beardlessness
;
electrolysis
;
priesthood
;
tonsure
sideburns (
favoris
),
156
,
160
,
176
,
181
,
242
,
244–45
,
247
,
250
,
252–54
,
279
;
Simpson, Mark,
263–64
Sistine Chapel,
109
slavophiles,
172
Socialist Party (France),
256–57
socialists,
159
,
161
,
171
,
226–28
,
256–57
Sol Invictus,
66
Soloveichick, Meir,
280
Song of Roland,
79
Sophia, Regent of Russia,
138–39
Sophists,
54
Soviet Union,
226–27
Spain,
80–81
,
99
,
106
,
145
,
152
,
158
,
170
,
246
,
303n16
Speer, Albert,
226
Spitz, Mark,
250
sports,
60
,
190
,
198–208
,
220–21
,
234
,
250
,
264
,
266
,
273
,
283–84
300n17
; American football,
249
,
272
; baseball,
249–50
,
283–84
; bodybuilding,
204
,
204–8
; cricket,
198–99
,
201
,
203
,
212
; cycling,
203–4
; gymnastics,
152–55
,
172
,
204
; Olympics,
202–3
,
250
; soccer,
200
,
203
,
244–46
,
251
,
263–64
Stalin, Joseph,
226–28
,
230
,
234
,
319n43
Standard of Ur,
23
Statuta ecclesia antiqua
,
88
St. Catherine Monastery,
73–74
St. Denis, Abbey of,
97–98
St. Peter’s Basilica (Old),
82–83
Sturgis Motorcycle Rally,
287
Suger, Abbot,
97
Sulla,
51
Summer of Love,
242
Supreme Court of the United States,
253–55
Tafur, Pero,
104
Taliban,
281
Tarsus,
56
Tarzan,
217
Tate, Henry,
195–97
Taylor, Robert,
224
Templars,
99–101
Tertullian,
75
Thatcher, Margaret,
257
Thélin, Charles,
178
Theodoric,
82
Theopompus,
42
Thetis,
43
Thomasius, Jakob,
136
Thorburn, Robert,
170
Thoreau, Henry David,
161
Tom Brown’s Schooldays
,
201
tonsure,
83–84
Tour de France,
204
Trevor-Roper, Hugh,
230
Trotsky, Leon,
228
Tuthmose III,
31
Ur-Nammu,
26
Valeriano, Pierio,
109–14
Van Helmont, Jan Baptiste,
124
Vannetti, Giuseppe,
146
Varro,
48
vaudeville,
170
Ventura, Magdalena,
125–27
Versailles,
133
Vesalius, Andreas,
121–22
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain,
164–66
,
170
,
183
Vitalis, Orderic,
94
Von Hessert, Cornelia,
232
Wachtel, Joachim,
246
Walt Disney Company,
251–52
,
258–59
whiskers.
See
sideburns
(
favoris
)
wigs,
29
,
131
,
133–37
,
144–45
,
148–49
,
263
Wilgefortis, Saint,
127
William V of Bavaria,
127
William of Malmesbury,
96–97
William of Volpiano,
88
William the Conqueror,
95–96
women: bearded,
5
,
28–31
,
43–44
,
123–29
,
146
,
148–49
,
191–94
,
197
,
315n4
; beardlessness thought to indicate inferiority of,
43–44
,
77–78
,
92
,
187
,
189–90
,
197
; disapprove of facial hair,
9
,
12–17
,
219–20
,
225
,
232–34
,
240–41
,
273
,
284
; explanations for beardlessness of,
43–44
,
58
,
92
,
146
,
190
; favor facial hair,
7
,
9
,
11–17
,
174
,
224–25
,
265
,
267
; fear their own facial hair,
193–94
; men shave to please,
56
,
96
,
232
,
263
; increasing power of,
189
,
263
,
267
.
See also
femininity
women’s movement,
189–90
Woodstock Festival,
235–36
World Beard and Mustache Competition,
285–87
World’s Columbian Exhibition,
204
World War II,
226–27
,
230
,
232
,
235
Wurst, Conchita.
See
Neuwirth, Thomas (Conchita Wurst)
Young France,
157–59
Zahavi, Amotz,
11