Lords of the Sky: Fighter Pilots and Air Combat, From the Red Baron to the F-16 (87 page)

Korean People’s Army, 388

Korean People’s Republic, 385–386

Korean War, 387–402, 415–417

Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 150

Kozhedub, Ivan, 304, 305

Kramarenko, Sergei, 414

Kuhnold, Rudolph, 220

Kursk, Battle of, 303–305

Kuwait, Iraq’s invasion of, 498–499, 510–518

L

La-11 fighter aircraft, 376, 380

Lafontaine, Pierre, 191

LaGG-3 fighter aircraft, 283

Lamb, Allen, 454–457

laminar flow wing, 358

Lancet,
1918 study on aviators, 30–32

Langley,
USS, 315

Larsen, Mark, 523–524

laser-guided bombs (LGBs), 515

Lawrence, T. E., 92

Le Prieur, Yves Paul Gaston, 24

leading-edge slats, automatic, 165–166

League of Nations, 318

Leefe-Robinson, William, 68–69

Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 239–240, 244

Leith-Thomsen, Hermann von der, 38

LeMay, Curtis, 437

Lend-Lease policy, 301, 318

Lenin, Vladimir, 93, 144, 148, 149, 153, 154, 279

Leonardo da Vinci, 9–10

Leopard (four-ship combat air patrol), 425, 443

Leslie, Max, 342

Lewis, Cecil, 87

Lewis machine gun, 22, 23, 42, 45, 68, 70, 72, 83

Lexington,
USS, 326–327, 333, 334

Libby, Frederick, 54

Liberty V-12 engine, 58

lift, principle of, 12–13, 57

Litvyak, Lidiya Vladimirovna “Lilya,” 279–280, 281, 284, 286, 287, 289, 294, 296, 297–298, 302–303, 305–308

Lloyd George, David, 47–48, 66, 112

Lockhart, Hayden, 438

Ludendorff, Erich, 49, 50, 92, 95, 113, 117, 119, 126–127, 131, 134

Lufbery maneuver, 258, 267

Luftwaffe (German Air Force)

Ace of Spade pilots
(Pik As)
, 296–297

aircraft design/production, 224–225

airplane formations, 163–164, 170

and Allies evacuation from France, 207

Battle of Britain, 235–245

and Bf 109 fighters, 229–232, 236, 243, 255, 258–259, 260, 277

and Bf 110 fighters, 236, 237, 243

bomb designs, 549

command operations, 220–221

1st Parachute Regiment, 184

5th Abteiling, 234

final days of, 361

flight training, 211–213

French Air Force against, 185

and invasion of Britain, 208–209, 221–222

and invasion of Poland, 180

and invasion of Soviet Union, 285, 290

Jagdgeschwader 3, 302, 303–304

Jagdgeschwader 27, 189, 254, 255, 260, 261, 262, 265, 271

Jagdgeschwader 52, 250, 297, 303–304

Jagdgeschwader 53, 271, 296, 297

Ju 52 transport aircraft, 170, 299–300

losses during 1944, 361

Luftflotte I, 284

Luftflotte II, 221, 284, 288

Luftflotte IV, 284, 297

Me 110 fighter aircraft, 197–198

Me 262 Schwalbe jet-powered fighter, 361–363, 403–404

oil and fuel production, 360, 361

in Operation Venezia, 265–266

paratroopers, 183, 184, 211

post–World War I attack strategies, 163–164

primary fighter aircraft in, 158

Soviet-German training, 154

Stuka dive bomber aircraft, 236

“Tactical Requirement for Fighter Aircraft,” 164

in Tobruk, 254–268

top 109 fighter pilots in history, 210–211

top three flying aces, 304

twin-engine Zerstörer fighter design, 197

youngest
Hauptmann
in, 274

See also
fighter pilots

Lützow, Günther, 168

LVG two-seater aircraft, 132

Lyle, James, 339

M

M11/39 battle tanks, 253

M24 Chaffee light tanks, 389–390

MacArthur, Douglas, 390–391, 396–399, 400, 401, 415–416

Macchi C.202 fighter aircraft, 257

McClusky, Wade, 342

McCudden, James “Mac,” 79, 82, 101–102, 103, 131–132, 138

McDonnell-Douglas

A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft, 483–484

F-4C jet fighter/bomber, 462–468

McNamara, Robert, 433, 434–435, 437, 438–439

McNaughton, John T., 441

machine guns

Browning, 22, 182, 197, 227, 228, 392, 406

cowling-mounted, 260

double drum magazine arrangement, 42–43

forward-firing, 34, 68, 70, 99

Hotchkiss, 4, 5, 7–8, 21–22

Lewis, 22, 23, 42, 45, 68, 70, 72, 83

Maschinengewehr 08, 23

Maxim, 22

MG-17, 171, 230

MG-17 7.9 mm, 158

mounting, 24–25

Nadashkevich PV-1 7.62 mm, 159

Parabellum light machine gun, 26

7.5 mm, 186

7.92 mm, 179

ShKAS 7.62 mm, 160

Spandau, 23, 45, 63, 70, 101, 111, 128

Vickers, 22–23, 97, 130, 136, 145, 150

wing-mounted, 228, 257, 266

Maddox,
USS, 436

Maginot Line, 181, 183, 188, 475

Malan, Adolf Gysbert “Sailor,” 193, 199–200, 231–232, 235

Maletti Group tankettes, 253

man-portable surface-to-air missile, 472

Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil, 365

Mannock, Edward “Mick,” 78–82, 119, 126, 132–133, 138

Manuel, E. G., 31, 532–533

Mao Zedong, 385, 400, 426

Marconi, Guglielmo, 216

Marin Aguilera, Diego, 10

Marine Corps, U.S.

1st and 2nd Divisions, 390, 402, 517

1st Light Armored Infantry Battalion, 517

flight training, 500

ground-directed bombing tactics, 470–471

Marine Air Support Squadrons, 470

Marine pilots in Korea, 393

in Vietnam War, 438, 469–470

Marine Corps, U.S., World War II

Marine Fighting Squadron 211 (VMF-211) at Wake Island, 326, 330

Marine Fighting Squadron 221 (VMF-221) at Midway, 340

Medal of Honor recipient, 329–330

pilots, 316–317

2nd Marine Raider Battalion, 339

at Wake Island, 327–330

Mark VII shell, 61–62

Mark XII torpedo, 252

Marseille, Hans-Joachim, 247–251, 254, 255, 256–265, 267–269, 271–276, 327, 466

Marshall Plan, 387

Maryland,
USS, 323, 326

Maschinengewehr 08 machine gun, 23

Maverick missiles, 514–515

Maxim machine gun, 22

May, Wilfred, 120, 121

Me 109G-6 fighter aircraft, 302–303

Me 110 fighter aircraft, 197–198

Me 262 Schwalbe jet-powered fighter, 361–363, 403–404

Medal of Honor, U.S., 329–330, 333, 395

Medwecki, Mieczyslaw, 179

Megiddo, Battle of, 134

Meier, Erwin, 276–279, 296

Mein Kampf
(Hitler), 155

Menckhoff, Karl, 102

Menges, Herbert, 325

Menin Road, Battle of, 110–111

mercenaries

American pilots in Spain, 161, 162, 169

from the Great War, 145

rise of the, 143–172

Spanish, 155–156, 161

Merkle, Hans-Jorg, 308

Merlin engine, 197

Messerschmitt, Willy

Bf 109 fighter, 165–167, 171

Me 262 Schwalbe jet-powered fighter, 361–363

Messines, Battle of, 109–110

MG-17 machine guns, 158, 171, 230

MG FF/M cannons, 230

Michael, Ollie, 316–317

Micheler, Alfred, 76

Midway, Battle of, 268, 337, 338–345

Midway Island, 326

Midway,
USS, 495, 513

MiG-3 fighter aircraft, 283

MiG-15 aircraft, 373–384, 402–405, 411, 412

MiG-21 jet fighter aircraft, Fishbed, 460–461

MiG-29 Fulcrum jet fighter aircraft, 510

MiG Alley, North Korea, 373–384

MiGCAP, 425, 443

Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau, 460

Milch, Erhard, 204–205

Military Cross, 79, 82, 132, 133, 137

Ministry for Aircraft Production, British, 223–224, 225

missiles

air-to-air, 417, 463–464

beyond-visual-range, 463

heat seeker, 460–461, 463

high-speed anti-radiation (HARM), 492, 493

Maverick, 514–515

SA-2, 450, 451

SA-7 man-portable surface-to-air, 472

surface-to-air, 425, 426, 439, 441, 443–444, 447–448, 450–451, 462, 476–477, 480–481

Missouri,
USS, 368

Mitchell B-25 bombers, 331, 332

Mitchell, Billy, 315

Mitchell, Reginald, 226

Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter aircraft, 309, 335–336, 340, 341, 342

MK IV Airborne Intercept radar, 242

Mölders, Werner “Vati,” 163, 170, 232, 236, 305

Momyer, William “Spike,” 464–465, 467, 470

monocoque fuselage construction, 57, 109, 226

semi-monocoque fuselage, 165

monoplanes, 10, 14, 34

low-winged, 160, 186

open-cockpit, 179

shoulder-wing, 26

Montgolfier, Etienne, 9

Montgomery, Bernard, 270, 271

Moody, Dave “Mooman,” 488–495

Moore, Joe, 441

Morane-Saulnier aircraft, 3–8, 14, 24–25, 26, 27

Morehouse, Charlie, 394

Morgan, J. P., 105

Morshead, Leslie (“Ming the Merciless”), 256

Mosca I-16 fighter aircraft, 159–160, 164, 165, 169–170

Moscow, Battle of, 287–294

Mould, “Boy,” 182

Mozhaisk Line, 290, 292

Mussolini, Benito, 251, 269, 353

Mustang fighter aircraft, P-51, 346–352, 356–360, 393, 394

Mustang fighter/bomber aircraft, F-51, 393, 394–395

N

Nadashkevich PV-1 7.62 mm machine gun, 159

Nagazawa, Genzo, 336

Nagel, Fritz, 115–116

Nagumo, Chuichi, 319, 326, 338, 340, 341, 342

Nam Il, General, 416

Nash, G. E., 108

National Liberation Front, 434

National Physical Laboratory, 216

National Socialist Party, 262

Nationalism, 15, 148

in Spain, 156, 162, 168–172

Nationalist Air Force (Spain), 159, 167, 168

Naval Academy, U.S., 161

flight training, 315–316, 499

Naval Air Cadet program, 316

Navy Cross, U.S., 329

Navy, U.S.

aircraft, 439, 462–463, 495–498

demilitarization after World War II, 388–389

flight training, 499, 500

naval air pilots, 316, 495–498

Navy Cross, 329

Task Force 77, 375

See also
aircraft carriers; Pacific Fleet, U.S.

Neumann, Hauptmann Eduard, 261, 264, 265, 273

Nevada,
USS, 323, 325, 326

Nicholas II, Tsar, 93, 113

Nicholson, James, 237–238

Nieuport series aircraft

Nieuport 17, 85–86, 109

Nieuport 24, 108–109

Nieuport 28, 129, 130

Nieuport 124, 105

night bombing, 242

night vision goggles, 519

Nimitz, Chester, 333–334, 337, 338, 339

Nivelle, Robert, 48, 65, 66, 75, 76, 91

Nixon, Richard, 471–472, 473

no-respect lead turn maneuver, 273

noise jammers, 462

Norden bombsight, 354

Normandy, Battle of, 363–365

North Africa

Britain’s North Africa Campaign, 252, 253

Italy’s operations in, 251

Siege of Tobruk, 254–268

North American Aircraft Company, 356, 405–406

North Korean 56th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, 402

North Korean Army, 398

North Korean infantry divisions, 393–394

North Vietnamese Air Force, 439, 440, 459, 471

North Vietnamese Army, 469, 472

North Vietnamese Communist Central Committee, 433

Norway, 181

Nowotny, Walter, 363

O

oil and fuel production, German, 360, 361

Oklahoma,
USS, 323

Olds, Robin, 347–352, 459, 462, 464–468, 484

one-circle fight aerial maneuver, 45

Operation Ariel, 206–207

Operation Barbarossa, 256, 297, 365

Operation Blücher-Yorck, 130

Operation Bolo, 462–463

Operation Chromite, 396–398

Operation Citadel, 303–305

Operation Crusader, 260

Operation Cycle, 206

Operation Dynamo (evacuation of Dunkirk), 196–197, 199–204, 207

Operation Farm Gate, 433

Operation Fridericus, 265, 295–296, 331