Lords of the Sky: Fighter Pilots and Air Combat, From the Red Baron to the F-16 (83 page)

Independence
-class carriers, 345

Midway
-class carriers, 388, 436–437

super carriers, 437

after World War II, 388–389

Yorktown,
327, 333, 334, 338–339, 342, 343, 344, 345

aircraft, post–World War I

Bf 109 design, 165–167, 171, 179

German aircraft and training facilities in Russia, 153–154, 155

German aircraft designs, 153–154, 164–167

German-supplied aircraft to Spain, 157–158, 163, 167

Germany’s denial of aircraft manufacturing, 152–153

Germany’s first postwar fighter, 154

Italian aircraft, 159

leading-edge slats, 165–166

Mosca I-16 fighter, 159–160, 164, 165, 169–170

Polikarpov I-15 fighter, 159

Soviet-built aircraft, 159–160

aircraft, World War I

British Bristol, 42, 55, 68, 69, 150

color schemes of German aircraft, 107

deployment, 16–17

early views on armed, 13

engine design, 57–59

first applications of reconnaissance aircraft, 13–14, 19–20

flown during the Great War, 32–140

French aircraft designs, 55, 108–109

German aircraft designs, 114–115, 128–129

improved design and construction of, 56–62, 71

interrupter gear, 25–26, 42, 71, 83–84

Junkers J-1 design, 114–115

monocoque fuselage construction, 57, 109, 165, 226

propellers, 22, 25, 59

scout, 21–46, 48

SE-5 fighter design, 82–84

SPAD VII design, 109

SPAD XIII design, 130

synchronization gear, 83, 84

weaponry, 21–26, 34–35, 59–62

See also
Albatros series; Fokker series; Nieuport series; Sopwith series

aircraft, World War II

Aichi D3 dive bombers, 311

American aircraft designs, 186

B-17 bombers, 354–355

B-24 bombers, 347, 349, 350

Brewster F2A Buffalo fighters, 340

Bristol Beaufighter, 242

British aircraft designs/production, 181, 182, 223–229, 234, 236–237, 242, 252

Catalinas, 339, 340

Curtiss P-36 Hawk, 186, 201

Curtiss P-40 Warhawk/Tomahawk, 257, 258–259, 261, 267, 272–273, 311–312

Curtiss P-40E Kittyhawk, 266

Dewoitine 510, 185

Dewoitine D-520, 186–187, 232

Do 17 bombers, 179, 180, 182, 200, 235

F4F Wildcats, 324, 325, 328, 340, 343

Fairey Swordfish, 252

Focke-Wulf 200s, 222

French aircraft, 185, 186–187

German aircraft, 177–178, 222, 224–225

Gloster Meteor, 362, 403–404

Grumman Avenger, 335–336

Hawker Hurricanes, 181, 182, 189, 196, 223, 224, 226, 234, 236, 237, 243, 257, 266, 271

Heinkel He 111, 286

Heinkel He 177, 224

IL-2 Sturmovik, 290–291

Ju 52 transport aircraft, 170, 299–300

Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bomber, 177–178, 179, 180, 236

Ju 88 fighters, 286, 306

LaGG-3 fighters, 283

Me 109G-6 fighters, 302–303

Me 110 fighters, 197–198

Me 262 Schwalbe, 361–363, 403–404

MiG-3 fighter aircraft, 283

Mitchell B-25 bombers, 331, 332

Mitsubishi A6M Zero, 309, 335–336, 340, 341, 342

P-51 Mustang, 346–352, 356–360

Po-2 biplanes, 289, 291

Polish aircraft designs, 179

Pzl P.7 and Pzl P.11, 175, 179

RAE Restrictor device, 231

Soviet aircraft designs/production, 282, 283

Spitfire Mk I, 193, 196–198, 210, 223, 224, 225–227, 229, 234, 236, 242, 243

Spitfire Mk IB, 228

Spitfire Mk V, 266, 271

technical innovations, 180

Yak-1, 277–279, 283, 294, 296, 306, 308

Airspeed Mach Indicator, 458

Akagi,
Japanese carrier, 319, 321, 342

Albatros series aircraft, 6–8, 45–46

C fighters, 43

D-I fighters, 38, 39, 60–61, 63

D-III fighters, 67, 69, 70, 130

D-V fighters, 107–108, 119, 120

Alden, Bill, 424

Aldis brothers optical gunsight, 62, 136

Aleutian Islands, 337

Allen, Eric, 325

Allied Control Commission, 152

Allied forces

air superiority over Germany, 56, 67

in Battle for France, 181–199, 203–204

in Bloody April, 1917/Battle of Arras, 65–77, 82, 91

at Casablanca Conference, 354

in Dunkirk evacuation, 196–197, 199–204

in El Alamein, 269–274

and end of the Great War, 138–140

evacuations from France, 206–207

in Operation Georgette, 119, 126–127, 128

in Operation Market Garden, 347–352, 364

in Operation Michael, 113–118, 127

in Operation Overlord (D-Day), 363–365

in Operation Torch, 353

in Operations Cycle and Ariel, 206–207

pilot life expectancy during the Great War, 32, 91

in Tobruk, 254–268

during World War II, 330–331

Allison engine, 257, 266, 358

Allmenröder, Karl, 108

Almond, Ned, 397

ALR-69 radar warning receiver, 489

Aman, Bob, 466

American Expeditionary Force Siberia, 146

American Field Service, Paris, 104–105

American Hospital of Paris, 104

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 10

Anderson, Rudolf, 422, 426, 441

Ansaldos A-1 Balillas aircraft, 150

Antietam,
USS, 375

Applied Technologies, Inc., 453–454

APR-25 radar homing and warning system, 443, 453–454

Arado 64 fighter aircraft, 154

Arashi,
Japanese destroyer, 342

Arizona,
USS, 323, 324

Armée de l’Air, 185

Army Air Corps, U.S., 161, 162

Army Air Forces, U.S. (USAAF), 269

1st Bombardment Wing, 355

4th Bombardment Wing, 355

combat aircraft production, 354

creation of, 313

Eighth Air Force, 354

P-51 fighters, 346–352, 356–360

in Pearl Harbor attack, 324

pilot training, 313–315, 316

Army of the Republic of Korea, 387

Army of the Republic of South Vietnam, 469–470, 472

Army Signal Corps, U.S., Aviation Section, 106

Army, U.S.

First Army, 364

1st Cavalry Division, 398

1st Infantry Division, 364

2nd Infantry Division, 402

4th Infantry Division, 364

7th Infantry Division, 402

8th Cavalry Division, 401

Eighth Army, 397–398

24th Infantry Division, 388

29th Infantry Division, 364

82nd Airborne Division, 363

101st Airborne Division “Screaming Eagles,” 363, 388

Green Berets, 433

Regimental Combat Team 31, 402

VII Corps, 517

Arras offensive, 93–94, 98

Bloody April, 1917, 65–77, 82, 91

Ashby, Jeff, 495–498, 500

Asquith, H. H., 47

Aten, Marion, 146, 147

Atlantic Fleet, U.S., 327, 329, 388

atomic bomb, 367–368

Auchinleck, Claude, 269, 270

Australia

3rd Australian Division, 121, 122

9th Australian Division (Tobruk), 256

24th Machine Gun Company, 124

in Tobruk, 258–259

Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), 53, 93, 109, 110, 112

Australian Imperial Force, 53rd Field Artillery Battery, 121, 123

Austria-Hungary, 15–16, 134, 139, 148

autocannons, 228, 230, 260, 271, 277, 278, 294, 406, 458

Avenger torpedo bomber, Grumman, 335–336

Aviatik fighter aircraft, 43

aviation

advances during World War II, 369

early flight attempts, 9–11

early principles of aerodynamics, 12–13

“Essential Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Aviators, The” (Rippon and Manuel), 30–32, 532–533

aviation firsts

first aircraft to land on a moving ship, 69

first all-female bomber regiment, 291

first all-female combat aviation unit, 288–289

first all-metal aircraft, 114–115

first aviation combat awards, 34–35

first bombing mission from the air, 14

first British aircraft shot down in France, 96

first jet-powered aircraft, 224

first kill by USAS pilot, 130

first machine gun fire from the air, 21

first naval attack by aircraft, 252–253

first powered and controlled flight, 11

first shoot-down, 26–27

first shot from the air, 21

first use of ramming attack, 300–301

first women to fly solo, 281

aviation legends, female, 281

Avro 504 trainer aircraft, 96–97

awards and military honors

British Distinguished Service Order, 42, 132, 133, 137

British Military Cross, 79, 82, 132, 133, 137

British Victoria Cross, 43, 68, 89, 132, 133, 137, 238

French Croix de Guerre, 137

German Blue Max Award (Pour le Mérite), 34–35, 65, 99, 103

German Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross, 210–211, 232, 250–251, 262, 265, 267, 268, 274, 275

Italian Silver Medals for Military Valor, 137

most decorated flyers, 137–138, 210–211

Soviet Hero of the Soviet Union medal, 307

U.S. Medal of Honor, 329–330, 333, 395

U.S. Navy Cross, 329

U.S. Silver Star Medal, 467

B

B-17 bomber aircraft, 354–355

B-24 bomber aircraft, 347, 349, 350

Bacon, Roger, 9

Bader, Douglas, 239–240

Badoeng Strait,
USS, 391

Balcombe-Brown, Rainsford, 96

Balkan Wars (1912–13), 14

Ball, Albert, 82, 84–90, 207, 466

ball bearing production, 355–356

Ball, Sir Albert, 90

ballooning, 9, 19, 20, 24

Bar-Lev Line, 474, 478, 479, 483

Barber, G. W., 121

Barker, Billy, 134–138

Barkhorn, Gerd, 304, 305

Basra, Iraq, 495–498, 509

Bates, Allan Harold, 77

Battle of Britain, 189, 233–245

Battle of Britain Day, 241

Battle of Britain, The
(Holland), 188

Baumler, Albert, 161

BE-2 fighter aircraft, 42, 67, 73, 84, 95

BE-8 fighter aircraft, 96

Beaufre, André, 190

Beavis, L. E., 123, 124

Bebb, W. H. “Cecil,” 157

Béchereau, Louis, 109

Belgium

7th Infantry Division, 184

Belgian Hawker Hurricane aircraft, 189

collapse of, 202

German assault on, 184, 191

Beliaeva, Raisa, 279

Belov, Nikolay, 292–293

Benz Bz.III engine, 63

Berthold, Rudolf, 128–129

beyond-visual-range missile, 463

Bf 109 fighter aircraft, 164–168, 169–170, 186, 196–197, 226, 229–230, 231–232, 236, 243

Bf 109D, 171

Bf 109E, 171, 201–202, 247, 255, 257, 258–259

Bf 109F, 260

Bf 109G, 246, 277–279

Bf 110 fighter aircraft, 236, 237, 243

Bina, Uri, 474, 477

biplane fighters, World War I, 16

Aviatik, 43

Avro 504, 96–97

BE-2, 67, 73, 84, 95

BE-2c, 42