Life in a Medieval Village (28 page)

1.
Miller and Hatcher, Medieval
England,
p. 20.

2.
Ibid., p. 113.

3.
Frederic William Maitland,
The Domesday Book and Beyond,
New York, 1966 (first pub. in 1897), p. 31.

4.
R. H. Hilton, “Freedom and Villeinage in England,” in Hilton, ed., Peasants, Knights, and
Heretics,
pp. 174-191.

5.
F. Pollock and F. W. Maitland, The History
of
English
Law Before the
Time
of Edward I,
Cambridge, 1968, vol. 1, p. 419. On the subject of freedom versus serfdom: R. H. Hilton, The Decline
of Serfdom in Medieval England,
London, 1969; Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
pp. 111-133; M. M. Postan, “Legal Status and Economic Condition in Medieval Villages,” in M. M. Postan,
Essays on Medieval Agriculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy,
Cambridge, 1968, pp. 278-289.

6.
Miller and Hatcher,
Medieval England,
pp. 111-112.

7.
Ibid., p. 112.

8.
Duby, Rural
Economy and Country Life,
p. 282.

9.
Cart. Rames., vol. 3, pp. 257-260.

10.
J. A. Raftis,
Warboys: Two Hundred Years in the Life of an
English
Medieval Village,
Toronto, 1974, pp. 67-68.

11.
Kosminsky, Studies in the Agrarian
History of England,
pp. 230-237.

12.
Rot. Hund., pp. 656-658.

13.
V.C.H. Hunts.,
p. 161.

14.
Rot. Hund., pp. 656-658.

15.
Cart. Rames., vol. 1, pp. 299-300, 310, 324, 336, 345, 350, 357, 361, 365, 393-394, 460-461, 475, 483; vol. 2, pp. 45-46.

16.
E.M.R., p. 128.

17.
Ibid., p. 268.

18.
Ibid., p. 10.

19.
Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
pp. 224-227.

20.
E.M.R., pp. 5-6.

21.
Ibid., pp. 28, 78, 181, 227, 287-288, 334.

22.
Rot.
Hund.,
p. 657.

23.
E.M.R., pp. 93, 150.

24.
Ibid., pp. 147, 151.

25.
Ibid., pp. 147, 201, 255.

26.
Ibid., p. 10. See also Postan, “The Famulus,” pp. 7-14.

27.
E.M.R, p. 93.

28.
Ibid., p. 261.

29.
Ibid., p. 249.

30.
Ibid., p. 44.

31.
Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, p. 32.

32.
E.M.R., p. 43.

33.
Ibid., p. 44.

34.
Ibid., p. 10.

35.
Ibid., p. 126.

36.
Ibid., p. 43.

37.
Ibid., p. 43.

38.
Ibid., p. 43.

39.
Ibid., p. 196.

40.
Ibid., p. 115.

41.
Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls,
p. 114.

42.
E.M.R., p. 34.

43.
Ibid., p. 89.

44.
Ibid., p. 190.

45.
Ibid., p. 254.

46.
Ibid., p. 261.

47.
Ibid., p. 257.

48.
Ibid., p. 261.

49.
Ibid., p. 293.

50.
Anne De Windt, “A Peasant Land Market and Its Participants: King’s Ripton 1280-1400,”
Midland History
4 (1978), pp. 142-149.

51.
M. M. Postan, “Village Livestock in the Thirteenth Century,”
Economic History Review
2nd ser. 15 (1962), pp. 219-249.

52.
Trow-Smith, British Livestock
Husbandry,
vol. 1, p. 103.

53.
E.M.R., p. 200.

54.
Bedfordshire
Coroners’
Rolls,
p. 87.

55.
Ibid., p. 82.

56.
Edmund Britton,
The Community of the
Vill: A
Study in the History of the Family and Village Life in Fourteenth-Century England,
Toronto, 1977.

57.
Edwin De Windt,
Land and People in Holywell-cum-Needingworth: Structures of Tenure and Patterns of Social Organization
in
an East Midlands Village, 1253-1453,
Toronto, 1972.

58.
E.M.R., p. 3.

59.
Ibid., p. 44.

60.
Ibid., pp. 120-121.

61.
Ibid., p. 122.

62.
Ibid., p. 146.

63.
Ibid., p. 200.

64.
Ibid., p. 234.

65.
Ibid., p. 2.

66.
Ibid., p. 30.

67.
Ibid., p. 46.

68.
Ibid., p. 34.

69.
Ibid., p. 116.

70.
Ibid., p. 120.

71.
Ibid., p. 95.

72.
Ibid., p. 261.

73.
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie,
Montaillou, the Promised Land of Error,
trans, by Barbara Bray, New York, 1978.

74.
E.M.R., pp. 5-6.

1.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
p. 122; Cantor, “Villages and Towns,” in Cantor, ed.,
The English Medieval Landscape,
pp. 173-174; Chapelot and Fossier,
Village and House,
pp. 204—205; Hurst, “The Changing Medieval Village,” p. 44.

2.
R. K. Field, “Worcestershire Peasant Buildings, Household Goods and Farming Equipment in the Later Middle Ages,”
Medieval Archaeology
9 (1965), pp. 105-145.

3.
E.M.R., p. 115.

4.
Ibid., p. 151.

5.
Ibid., p. 300.

6.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
p. 104; Hilton, A Medieval Society, pp. 96-97; Trow-Smith, British Livestock Husbandry, vol. 1, p. 114.

7.
Wood,
English Mediaeval House,
pp. 300-302; Chapelot and Fossier,
Village and House,
pp. 284-314; Colvin,
English Farmhouse,
pp. 21-36.

8.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
p. 105.

9.
E.M.R.,
p. 170.

10.
Beresford and Hurst,
Deserted Medieval Villages,
pp. 98, 100; Wood, English
Mediaeval House,
pp. 257-260.

11.
Hali Meidenhod,
ed. by O. Cockayne, London, 1922, p. 53.

12.
Owst,
Literature and Pulpit,
pp. 27, 35-36.

13.
Barbara Hanawalt,
The Ties That Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England,
New York, 1986, pp. 45-49; Hoskins,
The Midland Peasant,
pp. 295-296; Hilton,
A Medieval Society,
pp. 100-101; Field, “Worcestershire Peasant Buildings,” pp. 121-123.

14.
Wood,
Mediaeval English House,
pp. 368-374.

15.
E.M.R.,
pp. 12, 62, 78, 133, 209.

16.
Duby, Rural
Economy and
Country
Life,
p. 65.

17.
Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 164.

18.
H. E. Hallam, “The Life of the People,” in Agrarian
History of England and Wales,
vol. 2, pp. 830, 838.

19.
Cecily Howell, Land, Family, and Inheritance in Transition, Cambridge, 1983, pp. 164-165; Grenville Astill, “Fields,” in Astill and Grant, eds., Countryside
of Medieval England,
p. 118.

20.
Kosminsky,
Studies in the Agrarian History of England,
p. 240.

21.
Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, pp. 147-148; H. S. Bennett,
Life on the English Manor, A Study of Peasant Conditions, 1150-1400,
Cambridge, 1960 (first pub. in 1937), p. 95; Hallam, “Life of the People,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 2, p. 824; J. Z. Titow, English Rural
Society, 1200-1350,
London, 1969, p. 79; Howell, Land, Family, and Inheritance, p. 159.

22.
Michel Mollat,
The Poor in the Middle Ages, an Essay in Social History,
trans, by Arthur Goldhammer, New Haven, 1986, pp. 194-195.

23.
Anear MacConglinne, “The Vision of Viands,” in The
Portable Medieval Reader,
ed. by James Bruce Ross and Mary Martin McLaughlin, New York, 1966, pp. 497-499.

24.
John Gower, Miroir
de
I’Omme, II, lines 450-460, in Complete Works
of John
Gower, ed. by G. C. Macaulay, Oxford, 1899-1902, vol. 1, p. 293.

25.
E.M.R., p. 47.

26.
William Langland, Piers Plowman’s
Crede,
ed. by W. W. Skeat, London, 1867, pp. 16-17.

27.
John Stow, Survey
of London,
London, 1603, p. 92, translating William Fitzstephen’s description of twelfth-century London, cited in Bennett, Life on the
English
Manor, p. 261.

28.
Homans,
English Villagers,
p. 358.

29.
Bennett,
Life on the English
Manor, p. 262.

30.
E.M.R., p. 172.

31.
Homans,
English Villagers,
p. 362.

32.
Ibid., p. 365.

33.
Ibid., pp. 368, 370.

34.
E.M.R., p. 69.

35.
Homans,
English Villagers,
p. 372.

36.
E.M.R., p. 172.

37.
Robert Manning,
Handlyng Synne,
ed. by Idelle Sullens, Binghamton, New York, 1983, p. 224.

38.
Owst,
Literature and Pulpit,
p. 362.

39.
Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls,
pp. 97-98.

40.
Hanawalt, Ties That Bound, pp. 44, 60.

41.
Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls,
pp. 2-3.

42.
Ibid., pp. 55-57.

43.
Ibid., p. 108.

44.
Ibid., p. 51.

45.
Ibid., pp. 71-72.

46.
Ibid., p. xxiii.

47.
Ibid., p. 7.

48.
Ibid., pp. 12-13.

49.
Ibid., p. 116.

1.
Frances and Joseph Gies,
Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages,
New York, 1987, pp. 157-177.

2.
Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 138.

3.
P. D. A. Harvey, A
Medieval Oxfordshire Village: Cuxham, 1240 to 1400,
Oxford, 1965, p. 124.

4.
Rosamond Jane Faith, “Peasant Families and Inheritance Customs in Medieval England,”
Agricultural History Review
4 (1966), p. 91.

5.
Ibid., pp. 86-87.

6.
E.M.R., p. 208.

7.
Court Roll
of Chalgrave Manor,
ed. by Marian K. Dale,
Bedfordshire Historical Record Society
28 (1950), p. 10.

8.
E.M.R., pp. 56, 68, 70.

9.
Ibid., p. 392.

10.
Ibid., p. 313.

11.
Ibid., pp. 84-85, 264, 317.

12.
Ibid., p. 313.

13.
Cart. Rames., vol. 1, p. 416.

14.
Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 294, 306, 320, 330, 352.

15.
Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 359, 384.

16.
Court
Roll of Chalgrave
Manor, p. 9.

17.
Trow-Smith,
British Livestock Husbandry,
pp. 100-101.

18.
Britton,
Community of the
Vill, pp. 59-64.

19.
Anne De Windt, “Peasant Land Market,” pp. 151-153.

20.
Duby, Rural
Economy and Country Life,
p. 284.

21.
E.M.R., p. 96.

22.
Ibid., p. 261.

23.
Ibid., p. 5.

24.
Eleanor Searle, “Seigneurial Control of Women’s Marriage: The Antecedents and Function of Merchet in England,” Past and Present 82 (1979), pp. 3-43; also Searle, “Freedom and Marriage in Medieval England: An Alternative Hypothesis,”
Economic History Review
2nd ser. 29 (1976).

25.
E.M.R., p. 28.

26.
Ibid., p. 132.

27.
Judith M. Bennett, “Medieval Peasant Marriage: An Examination of the Marriage License Fines in Liber
Gersumarum
,” in Raftis, ed.,
Pathways to Medieval Peasants
, p. 195.

28.
Ibid., p. 197.

29.
Ibid., pp. 205-209, 213-214.

30.
Ibid., pp. 208-209.

31.
Cart. Rames.,
vol. 1, p. 432.

32.
Bennett, “Medieval Peasant Marriage,” pp. 200-204.

33.
E.M.R., pp. 61, 132, 208-209.

34.
Gies, Marriage
and the Family,
pp. 135-141.

35.
William Langland,
The Vision of Piers Plowman,
ed. by A. V. C. Schmidt, London, 1984, passus ix, lines 162-165, p. 97.

36.
Manning,
Handlyng Synne,
p. 279.

37.
Ibid., p. 277.

38.
G. R. Owst,
Preaching in Medieval England,
London, 1926, p. 269.

39.
Ibid., p. 269.

40.
Cart. Rames., vol. 1, p. 312.

41.
Gies,
Marriage and the Family,
pp. 242-245, 299-300.

42.
Manning,
Handlyng Synne,
p. 211.

43.
E.M.R., p. 3.

44.
Ibid., pp. 132, 146.

45.
Ibid., p. 200.

46.
G. G. Coulton,
Medieval Village, Manor, and Monastery,
New York, 1960 (first pub. in 1925), pp. 477-478.

47.
J. A. Raftis, in correspondence with the authors.

48.
Britton, Community
of the Vill,
pp. 34-37.

49.
Hanawalt, Ties
That Bound,
p. 216.

50.
John Myrc,
Instructions for Parish Priests,
ed. by E. Peacock, London, 1868, pp. 18-19.

51.
Manning,
Handlyng Synne,
pp. 240-241.

52.
Myrc, Instructions
for Parish Priests,
pp. 4-5.