Life in a Medieval Village (32 page)

“farming” of, 45-46

identity with village, 27, 30, 45

officers of, 49-57, 180

manor house, 3, 36-37, 41, 51-53,
54,
151, 200, 201, 204

manorial accounts, 31, 54-55

manorial court (hallmote), 47-48, 51, 77, 89, 124, 172-89

appeal from, 187-88

fines in, 47-48, 64, 181-82, 186, 189

jurisdiction of, 189-91

legislative activities of, 173

litigation in, 178-79

procedure of, 144, 172-79, 183-87

punishment imposed by, 181-82

records of, 31, 69, 70, 82-83, 86-87, 174-75

manorial system, 17-18, 27-28, 49

markets, 42, 48, 63-64

marriage, 107, 111-13, 169, 206

ceremony, 113-15

clandestine, 115-16

consent in, 114

Marshal, Adam, 76

Marshal, Henry, 180

Marshal, Simon son of Henry, 76

Marshal, Walter, 76

Marx, Karl, 18

meadow, 131, 138-39, 203

meiatores,
61

merchet, 76, 111-13, 154, 182, 244

Merton, 147

midwives, 117-18

Miller, Edward, 7, 69

Miller, Henry, 188

Miller, Nicholas, 78, 111, 181

Miller, Richard, 116

millers, 78-79, 149, 150

mills, 31, 36, 48, 77, 78, 149-50, 196

money-lending, 186-87

Montaillou, 86

Montfort, Simon de, 34

Morburn, Thomas of, 180

mortuary, 109, 159, 245

mowing, 138-39, 154, 196-97

multure, 78, 245

murrain, 63, 195-96

mutilation (as punishment), 193

Myrc, John, 118, 126-28, 159, 165, 170

Nene, River, 2, 3, 20, 32, 79, 97, 151

Newbold Grounds (Northamptonshire), 130

New England, 203-4

Newton Longville (Buckinghamshire), 203

Nolly, John, 76-77

Norman Conquest, 17, 27-38

Norman Cross (Huntingdonshire), 42

Norman Cross Hundred, 27, 30,43

oats, 9, 16, 17, 60, 94, 137, 140, 141, 153

oblations, 51, 56, 160

Oculus Sacerdotis,
159, 165, 169

old age, 121-26

Oman, Sir Charles, 199

open field system, 14-16, 49, 129-33, 201, 203-4

origin of, 15-16

operarii
(tenants
ad opus),
75, 243

Oswald, saint, archbishop of York, 24

Oundle, 2, 3, 51

Ouse, River, 20

outlawry, 193

ovens, communal, 38-39, 41, 48, 77, 79, 196

ox, 17, 22, 59, 136, 204

Page, John, 135, 177, 183, 187

pannage, 148, 245

parish, 155-57

identity with the village of, 155

origin of, 155-56

Parr, Katherine, 204

Paston family, 199-200

peas and beans, 11, 16, 17, 60, 95-96, 136-37, 141

Peasants’ Rebellion of 1381, 86, 198-99

Pecham, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 157, 158

penance, 170

pensions, old-age,
see
maintenance contracts

Peterborough, 2, 3, 48, 51, 147, 152, 191

Peter Lombard, 113

Peverel, Pagan, 29

Piers
Plowman,
99, 144, 154

pigs, 22, 83, 143, 147-48

Pipewell Abbey, 65-66

Pirenne, Henri, 152

planting, 131, 136-38

pledging, personal, 175, 177-78, 188, 245

plow, 10, 11-12, 16-17, 135

with coulter and mouldboard, 11-12, 135

heavy, 16, 135

scratch, 10

wheeled, 135

plowing, 9, 10, 11-12, 134-38

plow team, size and makeup of, 16-17, 22, 59, 136

poll tax, 198, 199

population, 1, 2, 4, 6-7, 12-16, 18, 30, 46, 153, 195, 206

Postan, M. M., 82, 153

pottage or porridge, 91, 94-96

poultry, 38, 62, 145-146

preaching,
see
sermons

Prest, Hugh, 144, 184-85, 196

priests, parish, 156-58, 169-71

celibacy of, 161-62

education of, 157-58

manuals for, 158-59

marriage of, 161

religious instruction of parishioners by, 169-70

primogeniture, 110

prison as punishment, 193

Proby, Sir Thomas, 205

Prudhomme, Alexander, 180-81

Prudhomme, Emma, 79, 86, 178

Prudhomme, Matilda, 78, 86, 180

Prudhomme, Richard, 86

Prudhomme, Walter, 86

Prudhomme, William, 86

punfold or pinfold (pound), 38, 41, 48, 245

Quinel, Peter, bishop of Exeter, 163

Raftis, J. A., 70-71, 75, 152

Ramsey (Huntingdonshire), 152, 173

Ramsey Abbey, 2, 5, 24-27, 28-29, 42, 43, 45, 46-47, 48, 50, 55, 58, 65, 75, 82, 83, 93, 109, 112, 113, 127, 133-34, 140, 152, 156, 159-60, 173, 187-88, 190, 199, 204

acquisition of Elton by, 24-27

cartulary of, 31, 69, 144, 185, 187-88

founding of, 24

knight service owed by, 28-29

suppression of, 201

rape, 180, 190

reaping, 139-41, 197

reap-reeve, 57

recreation, 99-103, 206

rector, 41, 77-78, 156-58, 160-61

absentee, 157-58

rectory, 39, 161

reeve, 49, 53-56, 83, 84, 87, 93, 245

Reeve, Andrew, 187

Reeve, Emma wife of Richard, 113

Reeve, Gilbert son of Richard, 84

Reeve, Henry, 55

Reeve, John son of Henry, 81, 108

Reeve, Michael, 87

Reeve, Richard, 87, 178

Reeve, Richard son of Richard, 181

rents, 64, 73, 77-78, 108

repegos (goose-reap), 102

Richard I (Lionheart), king, 193

ridge and furrow, 41, 137

Roberts, Brian K., 41

Robin Hood, 193

Roman conquest of Britain, 19-20

roof truss, 90

Rouvehed, William, 89

Rowley, Trevor, 7

rye, 9, 16, 55, 60, 198

Sabbe, Emma, 86

Sabyn, Richard, 181

Sabyn, Robert, 181

St. Albans, 112, 175, 188

St. Ives (town), 29, 48, 52

fair of, 48, 51

St. Laurence, church of, Bradford-on-Avon (Wiltshire),
23

St. Neots, 51

St. Swithun’s Abbey, 56

Saladin, Agnes daughter of Philip, 180

Saladin, Andrew, 150

Saladin, Matilda, 180

Saladin, Philip, 180

sale of land, 73,80-82, 111, 154

sanctuary, 192

sanitation, 34-35, 37, 52, 206

Saul, Nigel, 56

Scott, Sir Walter, 193

Searle, Eleanor, 112

selion (strip), 129-30, 245

Seneschaucie,
49-50, 53, 54, 59, 64, 142

serf,
see
villein

serfdom, 64, 68-69, 152, 199-200

serjeant, 51

sermons, 33, 92-93, 115, 120, 127-28, 165-66

structure of, 166-68

servants, 78

servile fees, 64, 75-77, 199

sheep, 22, 35, 48, 59, 62, 65, 83, 135, 143, 147, 196

sheepfold, 38, 48, 59, 77

Shepherd, Gilbert, 108

sickness, 120-21

slander, 87, 187

slavery, 64, 68

Smith, Henry son of Henry, 85, 177, 180-81, 186

Smith, John son of Henry, 85, 186

Smith, Muriel daughter of Richard, 113

Smith, Nicholas son of Richard, 85, 178

Smith, Robert, 79, 186

smiths, 39, 149, 150-51

smithy, 39, 41, 79, 151, 196

solar (room of house), 90

spinning, 145, 196

sporting chance, 138-39

Stamford, 51, 52, 152

fair of, 51, 52

standard of living, 97-98, 141-42, 153-54

status of peasants, 67-69, 71-85, 154, 205-6

economic, 67, 68, 71-78, 80-83

legal, 67-69, 71-78, 133-34, 205-6

social, 67, 69, 83-85

Statute of Laborers (1351), 197, 198, 199

Stekedec, Athelina, 79

Stekedec, Robert, 79, 85

Stevenage (Hertfordshire), 148

steward (seneschal), 49-51, 144, 172, 173, 184, 185, 246

stocks, 41, 182, 189

Stoke Pryor, 125

sunken hut
(grubenhaus),
11,14

surnames, 69-71

Tacitus, 10-11, 14

tallage, 76, 154, 246

tally stick, 55, 246

tanning, 152

taxation, see lay subsidies, poll tax

technology, agricultural, 16-17, 22, 153, 203, 204

thatch, 34, 38

threshing, 61, 141, 143

Tilmanstone (Kent), 89

tithe, 159-60, 246

tithing, 179-80, 188, 246

head of (chief pledge), 83-84, 179

Titow, J. Z., 97, 153

toft, 34, 35, 41, 246

tools, 9, 11-12, 135, 143, 151

torture, 193

towns, 152

trespass, 190

trial by combat, 191

trial by jury, 191

trial by ordeal, 191

Trow-Smith, Robert, 64, 136

Trune, John, 184

Trune, Richard, 42, 90

Tyler, Wat, 198

Tysoe (Warwickshire), 45

Upwood (Huntingdonshire), 123

Vaughan, Rowland, 203

veterinary medicine, 62-63

vicar, 50, 156-57

villa, 7, 11,
13,
20

village autonomy of, 48-49, 205

decline of, 195-207

definition of, 7-8

function of, 3, 6-7

history of, 7, 9-10, 12-18, 36, 43, 195-207

layout of, 4, 41-42

Mediterranean, 14

nucleated, 14-16

open field, 1-2, 5, 14-16, 205-7

origins of, 11-15

types of, 41-42

villein, 68, 74-77, 245 (
see also
serfdom, status of peasants)

vineyards, 41

Vinogradoff, Paul, 154, 189

violence in the village, 84-85, 103-5, 180-81

virgate, 47, 72, 246

wages, 61, 145, 197

Wagge, John, 78, 81

Wagge, Sarah, 187

waif and stray, 48

Wakefield (Yorkshire), 107

wakes, 127, 162

Walter of Henley, 49, 51, 56, 57, 59, 62, 64, 136, 137-38, 141

Warboys (Huntingdonshire), 47, 70-71, 115, 124-25, 160

wardens of the autumn, 57, 183, 246

wardship, 108-9, 246

Warenne, earl of, 44

Water, Henry atte, 76

wattle and daub, 11, 33

week-work, 47, 56, 58, 134-35, 246

wells, 34, 41

Westminster, First Statute of (1275), 191

Westminster, Second Statute of (1285), 192

Weston (Huntingdonshire), 64, 173

West Stow (Suffolk),
20,
21, 22, 92

wet nurse, 119

Wharram Percy (Yorkshire), 4-5, 36, 64, 88, 90, 200

wheat, 9, 11, 16, 60-61, 137-38, 140, 141, 153

wheelbarrow, 135, 151

Whitby Abbey,
202

widows, 107

Wijster, Netherlands, 12-13

William of Pagula, 159, 165, 169

William the Conqueror, 28, 30, 44, 190

wills, 110-111

Winchelsey, Robert, archbishop of Canterbury, 163

winnowing, 61, 141, 143

Wistow (Huntingdonshire), 109, 127, 173

women

in land transactions, 111

status of, 145

work of, 144-146, 153

Wood, John, 7

woodward, 57, 246

wool, 62, 64-66, 147

Worcester, bishop of, 58, 141-42

workday, length of, 134

Wyse, Alice wife of Reginald le, 86

Wyse, Gilbert son of Reginald le, 181

Wyse, Reginald le, 84

Wyse, Richard le, 80

Yelden (Bedfordshire), 80

yields, 60-61

Yorkshire, 30

LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL VILLAGE.

Copyright © 1990 by Frances and Joseph Gies.

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EPub Edition © APRIL 2010 ISBN: 978-0-062-01668-3

First HarperPerennial edition published 1991.

The Library of Congress has catalogued the hardcover edition as follows:

Gies, Frances.

Life in a medieval village/Frances and Joseph Gies.—1st ed.

  p. cm.

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-06-016215-5

1. Elton (Cambridgeshire, England)—Social conditions. 2. Elton (Cambridgeshire, England)—Rural conditions. 3. Peasantry—England—Elton (Cambridgeshire)—History. 4. England—Social life and customs—Medieval period, 1066-1485. I. Gies, Joseph. II. Title. HN398.E45G54 1989

306’.09426’5—dc20      89-33759

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