Liberty: The Lives and Times of Six Women in Revolutionary France (67 page)

Stuart, Andrea, 253

Suleau, François, 123, 133

Suspects, Law of, 231

Sutherland, Elizabeth, Countess of, 21, 67

Swiss Guards: murdered, 132

Switzerland: France annexes, 352

Tableau de Paris
, 340

Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de, marquis (
later
prince de Benevento): relations with Mme de Staël, 3, 10, 14, 106; helps compose constitution, 25; and Théroigne, 55; celebrates fall of Bastille, 74; on Mme de Genlis, 76; shares mistress with Gouverneur Morris, 80; visits French émigrés in England, 153; Manon Roland corresponds with, 168; returns to France from USA, 343; appointed Foreign Minister, 344; and Thérésia Cabarrus, 346; awareness of intrigues, 348; Barras dines with, 348; on Mme de Staël’s help for friends, 350; gives ball for Joséphine, 351–2; introduces Napoléon to Luxembourg audience, 351; proposes Egyptian expedition to Napoléon, 352; on failure of Directory, 367; alliance with Barras and Sièyes, 368; and Brumaire coup, 369; alliance with Napoléon, 370–1; portrayed in Mme de Staël’s
Delphine
, 371; marries Catherine Grand, 373

Tallien, Clémence (Thérésia Cabarrus’s daughter), 372

Tallien, Jean-Lambert: membership of clubs, 62; relations with Thérésia Cabarrus, 81–2, 150, 265–71, 273, 276–8, 287, 307–8; founds Fraternal Society of the Minimes, 118; and Théroigne, 120; denounces Condorcet, 124; helps Mme de Staël leave Paris, 146–7, 151; elected to National Convention, 149; popular following, 150; political views, 151, 266; defends existing laws, 162; in campaign against Roland, 163; calls for death of Louis XVI, 165; denies impending famine, 172; Mme La Tour du Pin appeals to for help, 172–3, 268–9, 349; as
représentant
in Bordeaux, 264–5, 268–70, 273–5; background, 266; attacked in street, 269; returns to Paris, 279–80; appeals for moderation, 280–1; elected president of Convention, 281; Robespierre opposes, 281, 296; survives purge of
dantonistes
, 282; Jullien denounces for liaison with Thérésia Cabarrus, 285; under investigation, 287; protected by bodyguard, 288; meets Thérésia Cabarrus at Fontenay-aux-Roses, 289; and arrest of Thérésia Cabarrus, 291; writes to Robespierre, 296; plots and speaks against Robespierre, 297–8, 300–1; condemns Terror, 300; and Fréron, 305; friendship with Thérésia Cabarrus after release, 307; assassination attempt on, 308; hated by Jacobins, 308; marriage to Thérésia Cabarrus, 310–12, 323–4, 347–8, 353; daughter by Thérésia Cabarrus, 314; avarice, 319; and death sentences on returned emigrants, 322–3; sanctions death of royalists, 323; eloquence, 324; resents adulation of Thérésia, 324; excuses behaviour under Terror, 334; attacked for political views, 335; witnesses Napoléon-Joséphine wedding, 338; leaves France on Egyptian expedition, 353–4, 386; letters from Thérésia Cabarrus in prison, 357; divorce from Thérésia, 377; as consul in Alicante, 379; on Thérésia’s marriage to Chimay, 380

Tallien, Thérésia
see
Cabarrus, Thérésia

Tallien, Thermidor-Rose-Thérésia (
later
Laure de Narbonne-Pelet), 67–8, 314, 386

Talma, François-Joseph, 58–9, 75, 280, 313, 381

Talma, Julie, 107, 313

Target, Guy-Jean, 72

Taschereau Fargues, Paul Auguste, 288, 291

Tenducci, Ferdinand-Justin, 48

Tennis Court Oath (1789), 24n, 72, 75

Terror, the: justifications for, 98, 161, 279–80; begins, 184–5, 200, 230; and cult of guillotine, 253; and executions, 293; Tallien condemns, 300; reaction against excesses, 324

Tessé, Mme de (comtesse), 21

Thé, Le
(journal), 318

theatre: social prejudice against, 58–9; survives revolution, 152

Theremin, Louis, 345

Thermidor and Thermidorians, 295, 299–300, 305, 308–9, 312, 320

Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne-Josèphe: observes National Assembly, xxii, 51, 54, 62–3, 70; social status, xxv–vi, 55–7, 90, 92; activism, 47, 388; background and career, 47–9; dress and appearance, 49, 51, 54–5, 59–60, 73, 140; opposes discrimination against women, 49–50, 54, 62–3; and October women’s march on Versailles, 51, 70; Austrians arrest and interrogate, 52, 112–16; friends and associates, 52–3, 55; revolutionary ideas and activities, 54–5, 57, 60, 67; popular image, 55, 57; in Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, 61, 70; leaves Paris, 62–3, 111; public activities, 90, 119; released and returns to Paris, 116–17; favours war with Austria, 117–19, 124; proposes bringing women into public life, 119–20; organizes Festival of Liberty, 120–1; represented in pack of cards, 122; satirized and attacked in press, 122–3; in demonstration before Tuileries, 127; addresses crowd and fights in assault on Tuileries, 132–3, 140; attends Jacobin Club, 140; attacked and beaten as enemy of revolution, 192–3, 225, 295; challenges Robespierre, 217; arrests and imprisonment, 294–5; mental decline and confinement, 295, 301, 387; and women’s rights, 385; death and reputation, 387–8

Théroigne de Méricourt, Joseph, 295

Théroigne et Populus
(play), 55

Thibaudeau, Antoine, 318–19, 323, 333, 335

Tocqueville, Alexis de: on position of women, xxiii; on revolution, 98; on Girondins, 161; on post-Terror fashion, 314; on public balls, 317; on rule of Directory, 341–2

Tomalin, Claire, 255

Toulon: captured by British, 228; recaptured by revolutionary army, 270

Tours, 265

Tourzel, Louise Elizabeth, marquise (
later
duchesse) de, 40, 144

Tribun du Peuple
, 346

Tribunate, 370

tricolour cockade: wearing of, 129, 225–6, 229, 234–6

tricoteuses
, 252

United States of America: supported by France in War of Independence, 20; status of women in, 22, 97; Brissot admires, 87; Tom Paine on, 97, 149; Lafayette in, 200; Mme La Tour du Pin leaves for, 279

Vadier, Marc Guillaume, 288

Valmy, battle of (1792), 149

Varennes, 100

Varlet, Jean, 201

Vendée, la: rebellion in, 171, 227

Verdun: besieged and captured by Prussians, 141, 159

Vergniaud, Pierre, 158, 171, 175, 177, 198, 210, 219, 247

Versailles: October women march on, 36–42, 51–2, 70

Victoire, Mme (Louis XVI’s aunt), 79

Vieux Cordelier
(journal), 280

Vigée-Lebrun, Élisabeth, 9, 29, 76, 377

Villiers, Pierre, 387

Voltaire, François Marie Arouet: in salons, 16; Manon Roland reads, 93;
Brutus
, 58, 75

Walpole, Horace, 18 Warens, Françoise Louise Eléonore de la Tour, 69

Washington, George, 12, 20, 87, 97

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, 386, 390

White Terror, 320

Williams, Helen Maria: on French anglophilia, 22; on activist women, 32, 73, 194; on National Assembly meetings, 70; on slang, 70; on Federation Day, 74–5; on hypocrisy of nobles, 76; on Manon Roland, 87; on fall of royal family, 99; on revolutionary dress, 151–2; on Roland’s resignation, 169; arrested and imprisoned, 210, 289; Barère visits, 210; visits Manon Roland in prison, 215; destroys Manon Roland’s papers, 219, 255; on trial of Marie-Antoinette, 245; on Brissot’s awaiting execution, 247; on execution of Manon Roland, 252; friendship with Manon Roland and Mary Wollstonecraft, 255; on the Terror, 280; on Danton, 281; on victims of execution, 281–2; on death of Robespierre, 300; on post-Terror life, 306; on Directory, 342; on denial of women’s rights, 388–9

Wollstonecraft, Mary: attends National Assembly, 70; influenced by Rousseau, 18; defends working women in France, 40; as unmarried mother, 55; on French manners, 152; watches Louis XVI on way to execution, 167; edits Manon Roland’s memoirs, 255–6; praises Tallien, 300;
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
, 9 women: position of, xxiii; in salons, 7–8; dress and manners, 8–10, 151, 191, 315, 366; as arbiters of ideas and style, 11–12, 42; misogyny amd discrimination against, 13, 44, 50, 62–3, 123, 344–6; Rousseau on, 18–19, 56–7, 85, 88, 93–4, 120; Condorcet on, 21–2; in USA, 22, 97; working-class and market, 30–2, 200, 225, 235–7; participate in revolution, 31; petition king for rights, 31–2; support revolution, 32–3, 43; role, 34; demand bread, 35, 227; march on Versailles (October 1789), 35–42, 51–2, 70; men dress as, 40–1, 52, 78, 366; demand for rights, 43–4, 104–5, 388–90; form clubs and groups, 43, 60, 71, 189; and revolutionary anti-corruption, 56; citizenship question, 57, 61, 104; fashion industries decline, 59–60; and celebration of fall of Bastille, 74; demand money, 78; Théroigne proposes as fighting soldiers, 118; proposals to bring into public life, 119–20; in revolutionary festivals, 121–2; in Jacobin Club, 139–40; as victims in prison massacres, 143–4; participate in massacres and atrocities, 144; granted civil rights under new republic, 150; support Robespierre, 164; denied access to Jacobin meeting-rooms, 171; protest at food shortages, 171–2, 320–1; Marat appeals to, 173; active militants, 190–4, 201–3, 236–7, 321, 388; rights denied in 1793 constitution, 195; disillusion with revolution, 200–1, 227–8; exalted as mothers, 204–5; Jacobins counteract influence of, 204; Robespierre on, 217, 285–6, 291; and immorality in ancien régime, 218; and wearing of tricolour cockade, 225–6, 234–6; in Lyon civil war, 227–8; and wearing of Phrygian cap (
bonnets rouges
), 236–7, 239; prevented from involvement in public life, 237–8, 321–2; as spectators at executions, 252; executed, 254; celebrate Festival of Reason, 256, 258–9; as embodiments of virtues, 259; Thérésia Cabarrus’s discourse on, 285–6; in Festival of Supreme Being, 291; prisoners, 294; serve in army, 295; post-Thermidor dress and manners, 314–17; instigate violence and riots, 321–2; and prostitution, 346–7; romantic friendships, 363; Napoléon’s attitude to, 376–7; under Napoléon’s civil code, 379, 385

Wordsworth, William, 74

Ysabeau, Claude, 264–5, 269–70, 273–5, 278, 280, 282, 285

About the Author

LUCY MOORE
is the author and editor of several books, including the critically acclaimed
Maharanis
. She was voted one of the top twenty young writers in Britain by
The Independent
and has hosted programs on the BBC. She lives in London.

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Credits

Cover design by Gregg Kulick

Cover illustration: Bibi by Seymour Joseph Guy © Christie’s Images

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LIBERTY
. Copyright © 2006 by Lucy Moore. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

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