Authors: Robert Macfarlane
With Titus and Jasmin’s generous help, I began the process of working out what Roger had left behind. Digging through boxes; brushing away mouse droppings and spiders’ webs; scanning letters from friends and collaborators; putting letters from lovers and family to one side unread. Each box I opened held treasure or puzzles: early poems; first drafts of
Waterlog
; a copy of the screenplay for
My Beautiful Laundrette
sent to Roger by Hanif Kureishi; word-lists of place-language (
tufa
,
bole
,
burr
,
ghyll
); a folder entitled ‘Drowning (Coroners)’, which turned out not to be a record of coroners that Roger had drowned, but an account of his research into East Anglian deaths-by-water. It was hard not to get distracted, especially by his notebooks. Each was a small landscape through which it was possible to wander, and within which it was possible to get lost. One had a paragraph in which Roger imagined a possible structure for
Wildwood
: he compared it to a cabinet of wonders, a chest in which each drawer was made of a different timber and contained different remarkable objects and stories. The notebooks, taken together, represented an accidental epic poem of Roger’s life, or perhaps a dendrological cross-section of his mind. In their range and randomness, they reminded me that he was, as Les Murray once wrote,
‘only interested in everything’
.
~
The last three boxes of Roger’s archive were found in 2013, in the dusty corner of a dusty shed. Jasmin called to let me know that more
material had turned up; would I like to come and collect it? I drove over, had lunch, walked the fields with Titus and Jasmin and took the boxes home. That evening, kneeling on the floor of my study, I began to sort through the contents. There were files and notebooks from Roger’s schooldays, A4 notepads with scribbles and jottings, a new clutch of letters and pamphlets from the early years of Common Ground, and then, with a jolt of shock, I found a blue foolscap folder with a white label on the front, on which Roger had written ‘
ROBERT MACFARLANE
’.
I paused. I thought about throwing it away unopened. What if it held hurt for me? I opened it. It contained five letters. The letters weren’t about me – they were
from
me, to Roger, all written in 2002–3, when I was first coming to know him. Two were handwritten, two were typed, and one was the printout of an email. I had no memory of any of them, and for that reason I encountered my own voice almost as a stranger’s:
Tuesday 11 February 2003
It was great to get your letter, Roger, and to be transported out of my bunker-office in Cambridge, to the walnut woods of Kyrgyzstan. The word that really leaped out at me, oddly, from your description, was
‘holloway’
for the sunken lanes you saw. My wonderful editor is called Sara Holloway, and reading your letter, her name – which I have said often but never thought of as possessing an origin in the landscape – suddenly became rich with association and image. I could infer a meaning for it from your description, but wanted to know more, so went to my
Shorter Oxford Dictionary
. It wasn’t there, so I hauled out the complete
OED
, and discovered, buried in the small print of the ‘variants’ of meaning No. 7, the following: ‘hollow-way, a way,
road or path, through a defile or cutting, also extended, as quot. in 1882)’. That was all, but it was enough. I wonder where you picked the term up from? What a word it is! It made me think of the description of a holloway – though he does not call it such – in Gilbert White’s
Natural History of Selborne
. A friend and I are fascinated by ways, paths, ancient roads, ley-lines, dumbles, cuttings and – I now know – by holloways. So: thank you for the gift of the word.
Roger’s gift of that word would set further ripples of influence ringing outwards. Two years later he and I would travel together to the ‘holloways’ of south Dorset, in search of the hideout of the hero of Geoffrey Household’s cult 1939 novel,
Rogue Male
, who goes to ground in a sandstone-sided sunken lane in the Chideock Valley. Seven years after that I would return to Chideock with the artist Stanley Donwood and the writer Dan Richards, with whom I subsequently co-wrote a small book called
Holloway
– though by then I had fully forgotten the work’s true origin in that letter from Roger to me about the walnut woods of Kyrgyzstan and their deep-trodden lanes.
The other gift I received from Roger’s trip to Central Asia was an apple pip. He had travelled to the Talgar Valley in the mountains of Kazakhstan in search of the ur-apple – the wild apple,
Malus sieversus
, that was thought to have evolved into the domestic apple,
Malus domesticus
, and in that form found its way to Britain thanks to the Romans. On the northern slopes of the Tien Shan massif, Roger had filled three film canisters with wild-apple pips and damp cotton wool, and carried them home to Suffolk. He planted the pips in pots on his kitchen windowsill and there they had grown to seedlings. But then Roger died and the seedlings almost died with him, as the creepers on the outside of the farm grew untended over the kitchen window and shut out the sun. Potbound and light-hungry, each
seedling developed an obvious kink in its trunk from the months around Roger’s death, where they had leaned desperately sunwards.
Then Titus and Jasmin rescued them, re-potted them and gave them light. The seedlings flourished into saplings. When spring came, Titus planted out ten of the ur-apples in a field just behind the barn where Roger’s archive was kept, making an apple avenue. And Jasmin gave one of the saplings to me. I planted it in the chalky clay of my suburban garden, and to my surprise it flourished there.
It takes about twelve years for an apple tree to grow from pip to first fruiting. I write this in the spring of 2014, eleven years after Roger returned from Central Asia. My ur-apple flowers with white blossom, its leaves are a keen green, and it still has the sharp crook near the base of its trunk that remembers Roger’s death. Next year, all being well, it will fruit for the first time.
~
A life lived as variously as Roger’s, and evoked in writing as powerful as his, means that even after death his influence continues to flow outwards. Green Man-like, he appears in unexpected places, speaking in leaves. There is, of course, a tendency to hero-worship those who lived well and died too young, as Roger did. Laundry lists and emails become holy writ; hallowed places become sites of pilgrimage; admiration is expressed through ritual re-performance; and idealism threatens to occlude the actual. I know that Roger was no pure Poseidon or Herne: that he flew often and without apparent pangs to his conscience, that he could at times talk too much and at times too little, and that he was unrepeatably rude to any Jehovah’s Witnesses who made the long trudge down the track from Mellis
Common to the front door of Walnut Tree Farm. But his writing did show people how to live both eccentrically and responsibly, and by both dwelling well and travelling wisely, he resolved in some measure the tension between what Edward Thomas called the desire to
‘go on and on
over the earth’ and the desire ‘to settle for ever in one place’. Above all he embodied a spirit of childishness, in the best sense of the word: innocent of eye and at ease with wonder.
Though Roger is gone, many of his readers still feel a need to express their admiration for him, and the connection they felt with his work and world view, and so they still write letters, as if he might somehow read them. As I am Roger’s literary executor, and as our writings have become intertwined, many of these letters find their way to me. They come from all over the world, and from various kinds of people: a professional surfer from Australia, a Canadian academic, a woman from Exeter confined to her house due to mobility problems, a young man re-swimming the route of
Waterlog
, lake by lake and river by river, in an attempt to recover from depression. Titus and Jasmin have to cope with the scores of Deakinites who come on pilgrimage to Mellis each year, wanting to see the farm and its fields. Most are polite. Some expect it all to have been kept as a shrine or museum, and are offended by the changes they perceive. Some, inspired by Roger’s insouciant attitude towards trespass, wander the fields uninvited, or take unannounced dips in the moat.
But all of the pilgrims, and all the letter writers, are under Roger’s influence, and as I know that feeling well I do not begrudge them it. Among the letters I have received, one of the most heartfelt came from a Dutch-English reader, and this is how it began:
I am Hansje, born and bred
in the north Netherlands where I bathed from age one in lakes, rivers and cold-water outdoor pools. Here in Warwickshire, where I have lived for some thirty-three years, I am among other things a swimmer, and if you ever wish to swim in the beautiful Avon, then do tell me and I will show you to the best and secret places. I have never experienced the profound sense of loss of someone I have never met as when I learnt that Roger had died. Many sentences in each of his books are as if engraved in me, find a resting place, a recognition, they are magnifying glass, lens and microscope to the natural world, a watery surface through which I look to see the earth clarified.
aber | mouth of a river (into the sea), estuary; confluence of a lesser with a larger river Welsh |
abhainn | substantial river, often running to the sea, with numerous tributaries Gaelic |
ǣwell | source of a stream Old English |
aghlish | crook or sharp curve of a river (literally ‘armpit’) Manx |
aker | turbulent current East Anglia |
allt | strong stream or burn, usually running into an abhainn Gaelic |
bala | outflow of a river from a lake Welsh |
bathshruth | calm stream, smoothly flowing stream Irish |
bay | slow water above a weir Cumbria |
beck | stream northern England |
berw | of water: boiling, foaming Welsh |
beuc-shruth | roaring stream; cataract Gaelic |
beum-slèibhe | sudden torrent caused by the bursting of a thundercloud Gaelic |
blaen | of a river: source, headwater Welsh |
borbhan | purling or murmur of a stream Gaelic |
brook | small stream English |
burn, burnie | small stream northern England, Scots |
burraghlas | torrent of brutal rage Gaelic |
caa’l | mill dam; place in a stream where salmon jump North Sea coast |
calbh | gushing of water or blood Gaelic |
caol | stream flowing through a marsh Irish |
cartage | violent stream of water that runs through a town and carries away the off-scourings Manx |
catchment | area from which precipitation and groundwater will collect and contribute to the flow of a specific river ecological |
cenllif | torrent, swift-flowing stream Welsh |
comb | feature of a stream where water pours over a rock such that it stands upwards in glossy ridges, separated by grooves (Gerard Manley Hopkins) poetic |
cora | weir or ford that might be used as a crossing place; also a rocky ridge extending into a sea or lake Irish |
còs-shruth | stream running partly underground or forming hollows in its course Gaelic |
crìon-allt | small stream often dried up by the sun’s heat in summer Gaelic |
currel | small stream East Anglia |
cymer | confluence of two or more rivers or streams Welsh |
drindle | diminutive run of water, smaller than a currel East Anglia |
eagmin mall | slow meander or winding of a river Gaelic |
easaraich | boiling of a pool where a cascade falls Gaelic |
faoi | noisy stream Gaelic |
ffrwd | swift-flowing stream, gushing rill Welsh |
force | powerful waterfall northern England |
gairneag | noisy little stream Gaelic |
ghyll, gill | deep rocky cleft or ravine, usually wooded and forming the course of a stream northern England |
glaise | rivulet, stream Irish |
gore | muddy obstruction in a watercourse Essex |
grain | point where a stream branches Yorkshire |
gull | to sweep away by force of running water East Anglia |
gulsh | to tear up with violence, as a stream when swollen with floods Northamptonshire |
iomashruth | eddying current Gaelic |
keld | deep, still, smooth part of a river northern England |
lade | watercourse to or from a mill Galloway |
land-shut | flood Herefordshire |
lane | slow stream Galloway |
latch | occasional watercourse Cumbria |
lum | slack water at the bend of, or a pool in, a stream Cumbria |
marbh-shruth | that part of a river or stream the current of which is scarcely perceptible Gaelic |
mill-race , mill-tail | stream of water as it runs out from under the waterwheel English |
nailbourne | intermittent stream Kent |
nant | stream; stream-cut gorge, usually rocky Welsh |
òs | inlet or outlet of a loch Gaelic |
pill | creek capable of holding small barges Herefordshire |
pistyll, rhaeadr | waterfall, water-spout Welsh |
potamic | of or relating to rivers; riverine ecological |
pow | naturally sluggish, slow-moving stream, generally with a muddy bottom Cumbria |
reach | level, uninterrupted stretch of water on a river English |
riag-allt | fast-flowing, noisy stream Gaelic |
rin | stream Shetland |
ruadh-bhuinne | torrent embrowned by peat Gaelic |
seabhainn | very small river Gaelic |
sgoinn | small pool in the rocky bed of a stream in which salmon get imprisoned and caught when the tide is low Gaelic |
sgòr-shruth | rocky stream Gaelic |
sill | of a weir: the glassy curve where the water tips over the level English |
speat | sudden flood (spate) in a river following rain, snow or thaw Cumbria |
spout | waterfall, smaller than a force northern England |
stripe | small stream, burn Shetland |
taghairm | noise; echo; type of divination by listening to the noise of waterfalls Gaelic |
threeple , tripple | gentle sound made by a quick-flowing stream (incessant chattering, monotony and repetition being implied) Cumbria |
tolg | to sputter, vomit, as a mountain torrent Gaelic |
turn-whol | deep, seething pool where two streams meet Cumbria |
twire | movement of slow and shallow river water Exmoor |
ùidh | stream with a slow but strong current running between two freshwater lochs Gaelic |
vaedik | channel, small stream Shetland |
whelm | half a hollow tree, placed with its hollow side downwards, to form a small watercourse East Anglia |
winterbourne | intermittent or ephemeral stream, dry in the summer and running in winter, usually found in chalk and limestone regions Berkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire |
wirli | place where a dyke crosses a burn Shetland |
ystum | of a river: a bend, curve, meander Welsh |
blatter | puddle Yorkshire |
botunn | deep pool Gaelic |
cesspools | water that gathers on the ‘cess’, or land between a river and its bank, when the river is low Fenland |
flosh | stagnant pool overgrown with reeds Lancashire |
fuarán | spring, pool or fountain Irish |
glumag | deep pool in a river Gaelic |
grimmer | large, shallow, weed-infested pond East Anglia |
hassock | large pond Kent |
lacustrine | of or pertaining to a lake or lakes; lake-like geographical |
leech | pond or pool of water lying in the hollow of a road Lancashire |
lidden | pond west Cornwall |
linne | pool in a river, deeper than a glumag Gaelic |
llyn | lake Welsh |
loch | lake Gaelic |
lochan | small lake Gaelic |
lodan | little pool; water in one’s shoe Gaelic |
loom | slow and silent movement of water in a deep pool Cumbria |
lough | lake Irish |
mardle | small pond convenient for watering cattle; also to gossip, to waste time gossiping Suffolk |
mere | marsh; pool (used of Grendel’s abode in Beowulf ) Old English |
pell | hole of water, generally very deep, beneath an abrupt waterfall Sussex |
plash | small pool Cotswolds |
pudge | little puddle Northamptonshire |
puil | pool or small marsh Scots |
pulk | small dirty pool Essex |
stank | pool caused by a dam or a stream; also the dam itself Cotswolds |
staran | causeway of stones built out into a loch in order to fetch water Gaelic |
swidge | puddle Suffolk |
tarn | mountain pool or small upland lake northern England |
wake | piece of open water in the midst of a frozen river or broad East Anglia |
after-drop | raindrop which falls after a cloud has passed (first cited in Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia , c . 1580) poetic |
bachram | very heavy rain (literally ‘boisterous behaviour’) Irish |
bange | light rain East Anglia |
bashy | of a day: wet Northamptonshire |
basking | drenching in a heavy shower East Anglia |
blashy | of a day: wet north-east England |
blatter | to rain heavily, noisily; also to beat, thrash Galloway |
bleach | of rain and snow: to lash, blow in your face North Sea coast |
bleeterie | showery Scots |
blirt | short dash of rain coming with a gust of wind Scots |
boinneartaich | isolated drops of rain Gaelic |
brais | sudden heavy shower of rain Irish |
braon | heavy shower at the beginning of summer, favourable to the growth of plants and crops Gaelic |
brenner | sudden sharp gust of wind and rain on the water Suffolk |
brishum, briskeno | rain Anglo-Romani |
chucking, henting, hooning, hossing, hoying, kelching, lashing, pissing, wazzing it down | raining hard English, Scots, with countless regional variants |
cith , cith-uisge | shower of warm, drizzling rain Gaelic |
ciùran | drizzling rain Gaelic |
clagarnach | clatter; noise of heavy rain on an iron roof Irish |
dabbledy | of a day: showery Herefordshire |
dag | to spit with rain North Sea coast |
dibble | to rain slowly in drops Shropshire |
dimpsey | low cloud with fine drizzle Cornwall, Devon |
dinge | drizzle or rain mistily East Anglia |
down-come, down-faw | fall of rain Yorkshire |
dravely | of a day: showery Suffolk |
dreich | dull, overcast, misty, cold Scots |
dribs | rain which falls in drops from the eaves of thatched houses Leicestershire, Northamptonshire |
dringey | light rain that still manages to get you soaking wet Lincolnshire |
drizzle | fine precipitation with droplets less than 0.5mm in diameter meteorological |
drochy | warm, moist, misty Galloway |
drookit | soaked, drowned Doric |
dropple | to rain in large drops Northamptonshire |
flist | sudden squall with heavy rain Scots |
frisk | gentle rain Exmoor |
gagey | showery weather, unsettled and changeable south-east England |
garbh-fhras | boisterous shower Gaelic |
gleamy | showers and fitful sunshine Essex |
glìbheid | mixture of rain, sleet and hail Gaelic |
glut | long stretch of wet weather Northamptonshire |
gulching | downpour of rain Essex |
haitch | slight passing shower Sussex |
heavy rain | rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 4 and 16mm per hour meteorological |
humidity | very gentle rain Northern Ireland |
hurly-burly | thunder and lightning England |
juggin | raining steadily, not as bad as kelching Lincolnshire |
land-lash | high winds and heavy rain English |
lattin, letty | enough rain to make outdoor work difficult (as in ‘let and hindrance’) Shropshire and Somerset respectively |
leasty | of weather: dull, wet Suffolk |
light rain | rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 0.25 and 1mm per hour meteorological |
lummin | raining heavily Galloway |
mì-chàilear | even more dreich than dreich Gaelic |
misla , misla-in | rain, raining Shelta (Irish traveller dialect) |
mizzling | raining lightly and finely north-west England |
moderate rain | rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 1 and 4mm per hour meteorological |
owdrey | overcast, cloudy Exmoor |
pash | heavy fall of rain or snow northern England |
payling | wind-driven shower Northamptonshire |
perry | wet squall Lincolnshire |
planets | extremely localized rain, falling on one field but not another, is said to fall in planets Northamptonshire |
plothering | raining heavily Leicestershire |
plype | heavy sudden shower Scots |
posh | strong shower Shropshire |
rain | precipitation with droplets of 0.5mm or more meteorological |
scoor | shower of rain Scotland |
scud | light, quickly passing shower Herefordshire |
serein | fine rain falling from an apparently cloudless sky meteorological |
shatter | scattering or sprinkling of rain Kent |
shuggi | drizzly Shetland |
skat | brief shower Northamptonshire |
skew | driving but short-lived rain Cornwall |
skiff | light shower Northern Ireland |
slappy | rainy West Yorkshire |
slottery | of weather: foul, rainy Exmoor |
smirr | extremely fine, misty rain, close to smoke in appearance when seen from a distance Scots |
smither | light rain East Anglia |
soft | of weather: overcast, lightly misty or drizzly Hiberno-English |
teem | to rain Northumberland |
thunder-lump | rain-cloud hanging over a place Shetland |
thunner-pash | heavy shower, with thunder Durham |
upcasting | uprising of clouds above the horizon, threatening rain North Sea coast |
very heavy rain | rainfall with a precipitation rate of between 16 and 50mm per hour meteorological |
very light rain | rainfall with a precipitation rate of less than 0.25mm per hour meteorological |
virga | observable streak or shaft of precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground meteorological |
water-dogs, messengers , | small floating clouds separated from larger masses, which signal rain Norfolk, Northamptonshire |
watery-headed | anxious about rain Essex |
weet | to rain slightly Cheshire |
wetchered | wet through after being caught out in the rain Lincolnshire |
williwaw | sudden violent squall nautical |