Joseph E. Persico (78 page)

“. . . [I]f we really believed. . . .”: Phillip Knightley,
The Second Oldest Profession,
p. 230.

He had confided to his son: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 379.

Bill Donovan had long wanted: Robin Winks,
Cloak and Gown,
p. 176.

On February 19, 1945: M 1642, pp. 269–70.

“Had we passed this along? . . .”: M 1642, Reel 89, Frames 267–70.

They offered to conduct: Bradley F. Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 324.

“I do not want to get mixed up. . . .”: ibid., p. 323.

“OSS personnel not to be employed. . . .”: M 1642, Marshall to Sultan, Feb. 9, 1945.

“We had been at war with Germany. . . .”: Knightley, p. 231.

Churchill complained to FDR: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 281.

“something better to look forward to. . . .”: Knightley, p. 231.

“I want you to know. . . .”: Kermit Roosevelt,
The Overseas Targets,
pp. xvi, xvii.

“Morale is very high. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 24, Frames 358–61.

chapter xxviii: “stalin has been deceiving me all along”

Previously, while moving: Otto John,
Twice Through the Lines,
pp. 188–89.

There he told his story: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 300.

John was struck: John Toland,
Adolf Hitler,
p. 803.

John was especially surprised: Jürgen Heideking and Christof Mauch, eds.,
American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler,
pp. 283–85.

In an organization chart: Charles Higham,
Errol Flynn,
p. 279.

If Speer was coming over: Heideking and Mauch, p. 285.

“I heard the radio announce. . . .”: ibid., p. 286.

“The following information. . . .”: ibid., p. 284.

Three weeks after the failure: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 300.

The Gestapo had indeed continued: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 82.

On January 20, 1945: ibid., pp. 59–60, 152–55.

“to destroy Central Information office. . . .”: Neal H. Petersen, ed.,
From Hitler's Doorstep,
pp. 437–38.

“The present situation. . . .”: PSF Box 151.

He claimed further: Petersen, pp. 438–39.

“Wehrmacht officers who contribute. . . .”: PSF Box 151.

“If the German was permitted. . . .”: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 11.

“This whole project seems. . . .”: Petersen, p. 417.

He had word that the commander: ibid.

As Ribbentrop instructed: RG 457 CBOM 77.

Dulles put Wolff to the test: Heideking and Mauch, p. 384.

Ultra intercepts suggested that Wolff: Richard Breitman and Timothy Naftal, “Report to the Interagency Working Group on Previously Classified OSS Records,” NA, p. 3.

Wolff managed to get a message: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
pp. 503–506.

There the matter hung: Heideking and Mauch, pp. 381–85.

“It is believed. . . .”: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 289.

“I do not believe. . . .”: PSF, Donovan to FDR, March 6, 1945.

“I say quite frankly. . . .”: MR Box 23.

“I'd put Stalin. . . .”: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 167.

In a remote corner of liberated France: ibid., p. 255.

That March, the
Chicago Tribune:
Washington
Times-Herald,
March 13, 1945;
New Leader,
March 17, 1945.

“[M]embership in the Communist Party. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 27, Frame 572.

“I'm simply not in a position. . . .”: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 8.

“These people were a bunch. . . .”: ibid., p. 24.

“These four men. . . .”: Washington
Times-Herald,
March 13, 1945.

By the time Donovan appeared before: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev,
The Haunted Wood,
pp. 257–59.

The Iron Cross mission was scrubbed: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 259.

On March 12 he notified: Bishop, pp. 504–505, 508.

The Combined Chiefs of Staff: ibid., p. 509.

Molotov shot back: ibid., p. 505.

On March 24, FDR sent: MR Box 28.

FDR also maintained: ibid.

“a matter in which Russia. . . .”: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel,
The Shadow War,
p. 332.

“I agree to negotiations with the enemy. . . .”: MR Box 28.

The Soviet leader understood: Bishop, p. 505.

“I must repeat that the meeting. . . .”: MR Box 28.

Roosevelt was so taken aback: Bishop, p. 509.

His fear, he confided to an associate: ibid.

“You insist there have been. . . .”: MR Box 28.

“the Germans on the Western front. . . .”: ibid.

“I have received with astonishment. . . .”: ibid.

“. . . [Y]our information,” FDR went on: ibid.

“. . . I cannot avoid a feeling. . . .”: ibid.

“I have never doubted. . . .”: ibid.

He had one more charge to unload: ibid.

“will to fight. . . .”: MR Box 167.

“The Japanese government expects. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

“At the time when this treaty. . . .”: ibid.

chapter xxix: “the following are the latest casualties”

He now believed the Soviets: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 545.

A few days before, on March 29: ibid., p. 520.

As the train was pulling: ibid., p. 44.

Bruenn had started his White House duties: ibid., p. 18.

The doctor well understood: ibid., p. 499.

“The Drs. love this little time. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 19, p. 14.

“I get the gruel. . . .”: ibid.

“He took half his evening gruel. . . .”: ibid.

“As you probably know. . . .”: PSF Box 153.

“. . . [T]he possible advantages. . . .”: MR Box 163.

“. . . a frank, across-the-table discussion. . . .”: PSF Box 153.

Grace Tully thought that FDR: Bishop, p. 520.

In the meantime, he felt: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 736.

“I should think that system. . . .”: ibid.

Biddle's response: ibid.

“I was terribly shocked when I saw him. . . .”: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941–1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 416.

There he began a stream: ibid., p. 417.

“A weak economy for Germany. . . .”: ibid., p. 419.

“three or four times saying. . . .”: ibid., p. 418.

“I am going there on my train. . . .”: ibid., p. 417.

The President forgivingly: MR Box 28.

“I respectfully request. . . .”: MR Box 23.

“prepared to do everything in their power. . . .”: PSF Box 152.

“The redoubt is becoming a reality. . . .”: MR Box 152.

But if the OSS would deal with him: PSF Box 152.

This message would be the last: PSF Index.

The intelligence out of Bern: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 602.

“I glanced up from my work. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 19, p. 32.

Roosevelt had suffered: Bishop, p. 583; Goodwin, pp. 602–603.

“Darlings, Pa slept away. . . .”: MR Box 14.

The first listing read: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 602.

chapter xxx: aftermath

On April 30, eighteen days:
American Heritage,
April/May 1985.

“. . . [W]e are wiring various points. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

Eleven days before the President's death: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
pp. 487, 588.

“. . . [T]he Americans will not forget. . . .”: RG 457 Magic #74923.

“I casually mentioned to Stalin. . . .”: David G. McCullough,
Truman,
p. 442.

The last time his Soviet controllers: Norman Moss,
Klaus Fuchs,
pp. 2, 73, 79, 80.

Fuchs was among those present: ibid., p. 81.

“Tell Comrade Kurchatov. . . .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 35.

It is estimated that Soviet agents: T. A. Heppenheimer, “But on the Other Hand . . . ,”
American Heritage,
September 2000, p. 46.

This stolen treasure: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev,
The Haunted Wood,
pp. 190–94; Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield,
p. 132; Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov,
Special Tasks,
p. 211.

The first nuclear weapon the Soviets: Andrew and Mitrokhin, p. 132.

“At no time from 1941 to 1945. . . .”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy,
On Active Service in Peace and War,
p. 613.

Between 80,000 and 100,000: Gerhard L. Weinberg,
A World at Arms,
p. 870.

A Gallup poll taken just a month and a half:
MHQ,
Spring 1998, pp. 68–69.

Still he chose to appease: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
pp. 427–28.

The all-Japanese 442nd: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 395.

But, as the cabinet debated: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 463; Weinberg, pp. 590, 632, 652.

“The more I think of this problem. . . .”: Goodwin, p. 514.

Finally, FDR reversed himself: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 464.

“the worst single wholesale violation. . . .”: ibid., p. 216.

“[N]ot one plan or proposal. . . .”: William J. vanden Heuvel, “America, FDR and the Holocaust,”
Society,
vol. 34, no. 6 (September/October 1997), p. 7.

Many Jewish accounts had been emptied:
NYT,
Nov. 17, 1999.

The compensation agreement:
NYT,
Jan. 19, 31, March 26, Aug. 1, 1999.

Seven months after FDR's death: Elizabeth Bentley,
Out of Bondage,
Devin-Adair edition, p. 286.

“They made no bones. . . .”:
Hearings on Proposed Legislation to Curb or Control the Communist Party of the United States,
1948, p. 540.

On November 30, 1945, Bentley began: Statement of Elizabeth Ferrill Bentley to the FBI, Nov. 30, 1945, pp. 18–28, 34–36, 40, 43, 52, 57, 74–75, 78, 80, 91.

In 1948, Bentley became the star witness:
Hearings,
p. 503.

She was shaken to find her name: Bentley, pp. 307–309.

Between Bentley and Chambers:
Hearings,
pp. 1349–51.

Harry Dexter White, Alger Hiss: ibid., p. 1351.

A HUAC power, Congressman Karl Mundt: Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh,
The Amerasia Spy Case,
p. 160;
Hearings,
p. 862.

Further working in Currie's favor:
Hearings,
p. 1351; Klehr and Radosh, p. 111.

Currie had submitted: Currie to Truman, April 16, June 14, 1945; Truman to Currie, June 15, 1945, both in Truman Library.

In 1950, Currie moved to Colombia: Klehr and Radosh, pp. 160–61;
NYT,
March 27, 1956.

He continued to live there: Klehr and Radosh, p. 161.

Alger Hiss: Allen Weinstein,
Perjury,
p. 502.

Not until three years later: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,”
Intelligence and National Security,
vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 6; Polmar and Allen, p. 577.

In 1949 another of these “Venona”: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
pp. 223–24.

The FBI traced ChARL'Z: ibid., p. 577.

Fuchs confessed: ibid., pp. 223–24.

The Venona decrypts also incriminated: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 168.

The appointee died:
Time,
Sept. 12, 1955.

“I recognize that I could. . . .”:
NYT Magazine,
Sept. 14, 1997.

“We do not give a damn. . . .”: Richard J. Whalen,
The Founding Father,
p. 320.

Kent ended his days: Tyler Kent Papers, Box 1, FDRL; Polmar and Allen, pp. 309–10.

“Believe me, I was never. . . .”: Charles Wighton and Gunter Peis,
Hitler's Spies and Saboteurs,
pp. 29–39.

Not until the war ended:
American Heritage,
April 1970, p. 91.

William Colepaugh and Erich Gimpel: Francis Biddle,
In Brief Authority,
p. 343.

In January 1945: John Franklin Carter Diary, memo to Grace Tully, Jan. 18, 1945.

The journalist's facile pen: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996); letter from Sonia Carter Greenbaum to William Safire, April 18, 1994.

“the booby prize. . . .”: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 132.

It was Carter who alerted FDR: John Franklin Carter Papers, Box 98, FDRL.

While the Putzi Hanfstaengl operation: Andrew, p. 133.

And Carter's well-placed business: Carter Diary, April 24, 1945.

“It was a picturesque. . . .”: Andrew, p. 133.

A more formidable rival for FDR's favor: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 203.

Until his death in 1972: Athan Theoharis, ed.,
From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 64.

“authorized me to make. . . .”: Thomas F. Troy,
Donovan and the CIA,
p. 282.

“the main purpose of this school. . . .”: Memorandum from Colonel Richard Park Jr. to President Harry S Truman, Appendix I, p. 2.

Park reported that the OSS: ibid., p. 12.

“In Portugal,” he stated: ibid., p. 13.

“Before Pearl Harbor General Donovan. . . .”: Park report, Appendix I, p. 26.

“. . . [T]here are some examples. . . .”: ibid., p. 36.

OSS missions into occupied France: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
pp. 14, 333.

“If the OSS is permitted to continue. . . .”: Park report, pt. II, p. 1.