Joseph E. Persico (75 page)

Early in the war, FDR: Kimball, vol. 8, p. 57.

“[A] great deal of information. . . .”: Brown,
Bodyguard of Lies,
p. 543.

He found particularly disconcerting: ibid., p. 544.

“continues to operate in favor. . . .”: ibid., p. 543.

The note ended: ibid., pp. 543–44.

De Valera, as much the politician: Kimball, vol. 8, p. 57.

“Now as for the question. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

The transcript, delivered to Hitler: Ladislas Farago,
The Game of the Foxes,
p. 591; Kimball, vol. 8, p. 11.

“For it is there that the enemy. . . .”: David Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 489.

“They would establish. . . .”: Hinsley, vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 61.

“the Cotentin [Peninsula] would be. . . .”: Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 502.

Consequently, two seasoned German: ibid.; Hinsley, vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 61.

“What I want to impress upon the people. . . .”: MR Box 30.

“I brought your No. 341. . . .”: ibid.

“I have received your message. . . .”: ibid.

At the same time that FDR: PSF Box 99.

“I assume that somewhere here. . . .”: ibid.

“What do you think . . .?”: ibid.

“For a matter of two or three hours. . . .”: ibid.

“When I think of the beaches. . . .”:
Time,
June 6, 1994.

“I doubt if I did. . . .”: William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 92.

“I am personally. . . .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 493.

“. . . [T]he war cabinet shares my apprehension. . . .”: ibid., p. 494.

And FDR, unlike Churchill, was disinclined: ibid., pp. 493–95.

Both Bodyguard and Fortitude: RG 457 CBOM 77.

“. . . [M]ost indications point toward his action. . . .”: ibid.

Every night, members of the French resistance: Farago, pp. 625–26.

If Overlord failed: Breuer, p. 194;
MHQ,
Spring 1998, p. 66.

chapter xxii: cracks in the reich

The first to express concern: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 3.

His breathing was shallow: ibid., p. 2; David Brinkley,
Washington Goes to War,
p. 247.

On March 27 he called: Bishop, p. 2.

For years, part of the physician's job: ibid., p. 3.

The President was suffering: ibid., p. 6.

His blood pressure: ibid., p. 4.

Bruenn estimated the life left: ibid., p. 6.

After the examination FDR: ibid.

The mid-forties were not a favorable era: Robert H. Ferrell,
The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944–1945,
p. 44.

“He would ask my opinion. . . .”: William Leahy,
I Was There,
p. 298.

When an aide asked: Ferrell,
The Dying President,
p. 107.

“I had a good talk with the P. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 17, p. 85.

On Monday afternoon, June 5: ibid., p. 118.

Grace Tully noted: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
pp. 475–76; Bishop, p. 63.

At five minutes past 11 p.m.: Bishop, p. 63.

Sensing the pall: ibid.

As he spoke, the mightiest armada: F. H. Hinsley,
British Intelligence in the Second World War,
vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 131; David G. McCullough, ed.,
The American Heritage Picture History of World War II,
p. 482.

a flotilla one hundred miles wide:
Time,
June 6, 1994.

He kept picking up his bedside phone: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 624.

Allied casualties: Hinsley, p. 131;
Time,
June 6, 1994.

For all the elaborate machinations: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 508.

“They will need thy blessings. . . .”: Bishop, p. 66.

“The Germans appear to expect. . . .”: William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 215.

“Not a single unit”: David Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 515.

Three days after the invasion: ibid., p. 516.

“Rommel had insisted. . . .”: PSF Box 149.

After Hitler issued an order: F. W. Winterbotham,
The Ultra Secret,
p. 198.

On August 7, Kluge conceded: Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 519.

By then, the Allies: McCullough,
American Heritage Picture History,
p. 464.

Over two years before D-Day: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 214, FDRL.

“I said that in a country. . . .”: ibid.

On July 10, 1944: PSF Box 149.

Donovan's source revealed: ibid.

Their rapacity surfaced: RG 457 CBOM 76.

“At our last meeting. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

However, that the gold ingots: William Slany, “Preliminary Study on U.S. and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II,” U.S. Department of State, p. 165.

“We would like to warn you. . . .”: PSF Box 149.

While it was selling Germany: Slany, pp. 165–66.

They had allowed American fliers: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 69.

On April 11, 1944: PSF Box 9.

The approach was simple: Slany, pp. 166–67.

“We ought to block the Swiss participation. . . .”: PSF Box 153.

And while most Swiss loved: Slany, p. 168.

After the American raids: Roger J. Sandilands,
The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie,
p. 395.

“the most valuable of all. . . .”: Slany, p. 91.

“. . . [R]ush orders given to SKF by the Germans. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 79, Frame 513.

The Swedish navy escorted: Slany, p. xviii.

Over 250,000 of Hitler's forces:
NYT,
June 21, 1998.

Theirs was a small country: Slany, p. xviii.

Before 1944 was out: ibid.

Spain's Blue Division:
NYT,
June 21, 1998.

“. . . [W]e Spaniards and Portuguese. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

Albert Speer: Slany, p. xiv.

He told the President: PSF Box 50.

“We certainly want to cut down. . . .”: ibid.

Ultimately, the shipments: Slany, pp. xxxviii, xiv.

In late January 1944: Jürgen Heideking and Christof Mauch, eds.,
American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler,
p. 8.

He quickly became disillusioned: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
pp. 49–50.

He cited a date for the coup: ibid., p. 58.

Still, he continued to send messages: Breuer, p. 33.

Several weeks before D-Day: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 531.

“The Breakers group wishes. . . .”: Heideking and Mauch, p. 231.

“. . . is especially concerned. . . .”: Neal H. Petersen, ed.,
From Hitler's Doorstep,
p. 265.

Gisevius informed Dulles: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 60.

“There is a possibility. . . .”:
The
“
Magic
”
Background of Pearl Harbor,
vol. 1, p. A-224.

“A revolution is not to be expected. . . .”: PSF Box 149.

“Those opposed to the Nazis. . . .”: ibid.

“We must judge. . . .”: ibid.

That summer, Eleanor Roosevelt: PSF Box 37.

“Large sums of money. . . .”: ibid.

“the Bolshevik armies are supreme. . . .”: ibid.

“not on any grounds of principle. . . .”: PSF Box 149.

On July 20 the conspirators: Heideking and Mauch, p. 234; William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1054.

“The developments did not come. . . .”: PSF Box 149.

“Photographs appearing in the German press. . . .”: ibid.

Donovan also reported: Heideking and Mauch, p. 9.

Days after the failed coup: RG 457 CBOM 77.

“The doctor reported,” Hewitt cabled: PSF Box 4.

“Hitler has often vowed. . . .”: PSF Box 99.

“Mr. Towell of OSS has requested. . . .”: Athan Theoharis, ed.,
From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 301.

In the fall of 1944, Wild Bill: Kermit Roosevelt,
The Overseas Targets,
p. xvi.

“Dear Bill, Ever so many thanks. . . .”: PPF Box 6558.

chapter xxiii: a secret unshared

His daylight hours were spent: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996).

“I talked with the Prime Minister. . . .”: PSF Box 99.

“If it is not the fashion now. . . .”: Furgurson.

FDR called Hanfstaengl's reports: ibid.

“allowed their embryo doctors. . . .”: PSF Box 99.

The British, he explained: John Franklin Carter Diary, Feb. 4, 1944.

“If I can get close enough. . . .”: Furgurson.

The President dismissed: ibid.

“very confidentially, that the State Department. . . .”: PSF Box 100.

“did not feel it was worthwhile. . . .”: ibid.

“I thought you would want. . . .”: ibid.

“My own opinion on the subject. . . .”: ibid.

Late in the fall: ibid.

However, Colonel Davenport: ibid.

“The source of this information. . . .”: ibid.

“Dear George,” he wrote: ibid.

In launching the invasion: William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 829.

During delirious celebrations: ibid., p. 824.

On April 6, German bombers: Winston S. Churchill,
Memoirs of the Second World War,
p. 428.

The punitive diversion set: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 457.

Initially Churchill did support him: Gerhard L. Weinberg,
A World at Arms,
p. 524.

When one of his staff asked him: David Stafford,
Churchill and Secret Service,
p. 272.

“. . . [T]he guerrilla forces appear. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 456.

Churchill complained that Donovan: Stafford, pp. 280–81.

“We have no sources of intelligence. . . .”: PSF Box 153.

“We are now in the process. . . .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds.,
Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence,
p. 482.

“In view of your expressed opinion. . . .”: ibid., p. 483.

“The situation,” he wrote: PSF Box 153.

“[p]lease ask General Marshall. . . .”: ibid.

He told the British foreign secretary: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 365.

“to be launched against. . . .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 688.

“. . . [I]f the enemy were to take. . . .”: ibid., pp. 688–89.

One week after D-Day: David G. McCullough, ed.,
The American Heritage Picture History of World War II,
p. 420.

“Combat experience with this weapon. . . .”: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 689.

The pilot was: Richard J. Whalen,
The Founding Father,
p. 370; Michael R. Beschloss,
Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance,
p. 254.

“. . . Hitler was the greatest genius. . . .”: POF Box 3060.

“Harbors sheltering. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 128, Frame 177.

The man Donovan chose: Joseph E. Persico,
Casey: From the OSS to the CIA,
p. 449.

By June 17, 1944: M 1642, Reel 128, Frame 213.

On August 12 the first mission: Whalen, pp. 370–71; Beschloss, p. 256; Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 468.

“Harry,” he snarled: David G. McCullough,
Truman,
p. 328.

Yet, the President was disconcerted:
FRUS,
2d Quebec Conference, p. 492.

Lowen had earlier talked himself: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 621.

During a year at Oxford: Liva Baker,
Felix Frankfurter,
p. 4.

Eager to exploit Bohr's expertise: Thomas Powers,
Heisenberg's War,
pp. 231–32; Baker, pp. 4–5.

Bohr subsequently went to America: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 457.

He told the Americans, incorrectly: Thomas Powers, p. 230.

Should Russia learn: Baker, pp. 273–74; Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 528.

The swift pace of work: Baker, p. 275.

After leaving Los Alamos: Thomas Powers, p. 241.

Bohr returned to England: Baker, pp. 275–76.

According to an eyewitness account: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 143.

“He talked inaudibly. . . .”: William Stevenson,
A Man Called Intrepid,
p. 438.

Churchill's thoughts, at the time: Bishop, p. 144.

The Prime Minister, through his: Norman Moss,
Klaus Fuchs,
pp. 1–2.

Anything Bohr required: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 458; Moss, p. 2.

“I did not like the man. . . .”: Rhodes, p. 530.

Felix Frankfurter, in a “Dear Frank” letter: PSF Box 136.

Better Stalin should learn: ibid.

He included along with: ibid.

“Roosevelt agreed that an approach. . . .”: Rhodes, pp. 536–37.

Niels Bohr had even been led: ibid., p. 537.

Lunch was served immediately:
FRUS,
2d Quebec Conference, ed. note.

Next, the interfering Niels Bohr: Bishop, p. 144.

The only reason the Russians wanted: ibid.

“The suggestion that the world. . . .”: ibid.

“Enquiries should be made. . . .”: ibid.

That day Churchill left Hyde Park:
FRUS,
2d Quebec Conference, ed. note.

“He [Bohr] is a great advocate. . . .”: Baker, pp. 276–77.

The NKVD code name: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev,
The Haunted Wood,
p. 181.

The month before Churchill: Dan Kurzman,
Day of the Bomb,
p. 62.

Thereafter, Oppenheimer invited: Moss, p. 72.