Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 (144 page)

153.
Franz-Lothar Kroll, ‘Friedrich der Grosse’, in François and Schulze (eds.),
Deutsche Erinnerungsorte
, vol. 2, pp. 86–104, here p. 634.

154.
Theodor Fontane, ‘Mein Erstling: Das Schlachtfeld von Gross-Beeren’, in Kurt Schreinert and Jutta Neuendorf-Fürstenau (eds.),
Meine Kinderjahre
(=
Sämtliche Werke
, vol. XIV) (Munich, 1961), pp. 189–91.

155.
Theodor Fontane to Heinrich von Mühler, Berlin, 2 December 1863, in Otto Drude et al. (eds.),
Theodor Fontane. Briefe
(5 vols., Munich, 1976–94), vol. 2, pp. 110–11.

156.
Cited in Kenneth Attwood,
Fontane und das Preussentum
(Berlin, 1970), p. 146.

157.
Gordon A. Craig,
Theodor Fontane. Literature and History in the Bismarck Reich
(New York, 1999), p. 50.

158.
Rüdiger Schütz, ‘Zur Eingliederung der Rheinlande’, in Peter Baumgart (ed.),
Expansion und Integration. Zur Eingliederung neugewonnener Gebiete in den preussischen Staat
(Cologne, 1984), pp. 195–226, here p. 225.

159.
Kurt Jürgensen, ‘Die Eingliederung Westfalens in den preussischen Staat’, in Baumgart (ed.),
Expansion
, pp. 227–54, here p. 250.

160.
Walter Geschler,
Das Preussische Oberpräsidium der Provinz Jülich-Kleve-Berg in Köln 1816–1822
(Cologne, 1967), pp. 200–201; Oswald Hauser,
Preussische Staatsräson und nationaler Gedanke. Auf Grund unveröffentlichter Akten aus dem Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landesarchiv
(Neumünster, 1960); Arnold Brecht,
Federalism and Regionalism in Germany. The Division of Prussia
(New York, 1945).

161.
See Hans-Georg Aschoff, ‘Die welfische Bewegung und die Deutsch-Hannoversche
Partei zwischen 1866 und 1914’,
Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte
, 53 (1981), pp. 41–64.

162.
Kurt Jürgensen, ‘Die Eingliederung der Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg in das preussische Königreich’, in Baumgart (ed.),
Expansion
, pp. 327–56, here pp. 350–52.

163.
Georg Kunz,
Verortete Geschichte. Regionales Geschichtsbewusstsein in den deutschen Historischen Vereinen des 19. Jahrhunderts
(Göttingen, 2000), pp. 312–22. On the interchangeability of local, regional and national concepts of
Heimat
, see Alon Confino, ‘Federalism and the Heimat Idea in Nineteenth-century Germany’, in Maiken Umbach (ed.),
German Federalism
(London, 2002), pp. 70–90.

164.
Attwood,
Fontane und das Preussentum
, pp. 15–30. A nuanced monographic study is Gerhard Friedrich,
Fontanes preussische Welt. Armee – Dynastie – Staat
(Herford, 1988).

165.
This essay (and two others on the same theme published in 1848) can be found in Albrecht Gaertner (ed.),
Theodor Fontane. Aus meiner Werkstatt. Unbekanntes und Unveröffentlichtes
(Berlin, 1950), pp. 8–15.

166.
Attwood,
Fontane und das Preussentum
, pp. 166–7.

167.
Andreas Dorpalen, ‘The German Struggle Against Napoleon: The East German View’,
Journal of Modern History
, 41 (1969), pp. 485–516.

168.
See Jan Palmowski, ‘Regional Identities and the Limits of Democratic Centralism in the GDR’, in
Journal of Contemporary History
(forthcoming). My thanks to Jan Palmowski for allowing me to see this fascinating piece before its appearance in print.

169.
Ibid. On Klüss, see also the informative notes in Karl-Heinz Steinbruch, ‘Gemeinde Brunow. History of the Villages of Gemeinde Brunow’, at
http://www.thies-site.com/loc/brunow/steinbruch—history—kluess-en.htm
; last accessed 23 December 2004.

Abbt, Thomas
221
,
223
,
224
,
225
,
226
,
230

Abegg, Wilhelm
633

absolutism
42
,
112
–14,
122
,
148
–9

Aix-La-Chapelle, Peace of (1748)
194
–5,
197
–8

Albrecht, Duke, of Prussia
9

Albrecht Friedrich, Duke, of Prussia
9
–10

Alexander, Tsar
305
,
308
,
309
,
353
,
357
,
363
,
365

Allgemeines Landrecht
see
General Law Code

Alsace-Lorraine: annexation of
553
–4; Zabern affair
607

Altenstein, Karl von
331
,
407
–8,
416
,
432
,
434

Alt-Friedland
170
–71

Alt-Quilitz
170
–71

Altmark
2
,
3
,
21
,
35
,
49
,
173
,
180
,
206

Ancillon, Jean Pierre Frédéric
362
,
402
,
403

Ansbach and Bayreuth, Principalities of
278
–80,
300
,
342

Anton, Paul
136

Anna of Prussia
10
,
15
,
28
,
76
,
120

Archenholtz, Johann Wilhelm
220

Army of Brandenburg-Prussia: mistreatment of Brandenburg subjects in Thirty Year Wars
34
–5, transition to a standing army
38
,
42
,
43
,
51
–2,
56
; introduction of the cantonal system
95
–101,
244
; standardization of drill and equipment
95
–7; Pietism and
132
–3; impact on towns
151
–3; impact on nobility
157
–8; experience of war
206
–9; size after 1763
215
; movement for reform of
275
; decline after 1763
306
–7; reforms in Napoleonic era
312
–13,
323
–7; attitude to insurrection against the French
346
–51; mobilization in 1813
361
,
363
; performance of militia units
373
–4,
379
–80; role in 1848
484
–6; crisis over reform (1859–62)
515
–16; roots of success in 1866
537
–41; needle-gun and fire tactics
537
–40; in French war
550
–52; Prussian army in the German Empire
559
; discrimination against Jewish officer aspirants
585
; ‘Jew Count’ of 1916
585
–6; anomalous constitutional status after 1870
603
–11; compromise with the political leadership after First World War
622
–3; questionable political support for Weimar Republic
628
–30,
647
; involvement with anti-Nazi resistance
668

Arndt, Ernst Moritz
378
,
383
,
401
,
439

Arnim, Bettina von
453

Arnim, Johann von
55

Arnim-Boitzenburg, Dietlof Count
639

Arnim-Suckow, Heinrich Alexander von
478
,
490
,
492

Attlee, Clement
673
,
674

Atzendorf
99

Auerstedt, Battle of (1806)
298
,
307

Auerswald, Hans Jakob von
355
–6

Auerswald, Rudolf von
441
,
479
,
507

Augsburg, Peace of
7
,
115

August William, Prince of Prussia
223

Augustenburg, Prince Frederick of
524
,
525

Austerlitz, Battle of (1805)
301
,
303

Australia
419

Austria (
see also
Habsburg Monarchy): opposes German union in 1848–50
493
–4,
495
–6,
498
; responses to Prussian initiatives in 1859–65
511
,
525
–6,
532
–3; in war of 1866
538
–41; as ally after 1870
554

Austrian Netherlands (
see also
Belgium)
217

Austrian Succession, War of the
194
–5

Bach, Carl Philipp Emmanuel
185

Baculard d’Arnaud, François Marie
187
–8

Baden
218
,
295
,
485
–6,
496
,
498
,
536

Bamberger, Ludwig
571

Barsewisch, Ernst von
158
,
206
–7,
208
–9

Basle, Treaty of (1795)
292
–3,
294
,
300

Bautzen, Battle of
365

Bavaria
190
–91,
194
,
196
,
216
–17,
295
,
368
,
393
,
395
,
496
,
498
,
536
,
546
–7,
596

Behrens, Peter
564
,
565

Belgium
285
,
389
,
390

Below, Carl and Gustav von
414
–15

Benedek, Ludwig
541
–2

Benedetti, Vincent de
548
–9

Bennigsen, Rudolf von
515
,
545

Berends, Julius
479

Berenhorst, Georg Heinrich
215

Berg, Duchy of
191

Berlin-Cölln (later Berlin)
3
,
4
,
35
–6,
42
; religious controversy
117
,
121
–2,
157
; as economic centre
180
; centre of enlightenment
249
,
251
–2,
254
–5,
256
,
257
,
261
,
274
–6; under French occupation
298
,
307
,
352
–3; University
331
–3,
432
; poverty in
453
–4; revolution of 1848 in
468
–75,
476
; the ‘Captain of Köpenick’
596
–9; peace rallies
601
; partition after 1945
680
–81

Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules
366
,
367

Bernhard, Isaac
263

Bernstorff, Count Christian Günther von
394
,
395
,
396
,
511

Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich
216

Bernstorff-Wedendorf, Count Andreas von
639

Besser, Garrison Chaplain at Küstrin
109

Besser, Johann von
79

Bestuzhev-Riumin, Alexis P.
197

Bethman Hollweg, Theobald von
607
,
611
,
653

Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand von
546
,
552
,
553

Bevin, Ernest
673