Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 (146 page)
Read Iron Kingdom : The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 Online
Authors: Christopher Clark
Enlightenment
247
–83
Eosander, Johann Friedrich
73
Ephraim, Veitel Heine
257
–8
Ermland
232
Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg
42
Estates of Brandenburg-Prussia: political role of
14
,
21
; resistance to the Elector’s foreign policy
28
–9; fiscal privileges of
28
–9,
37
; conflict with the central executive after the Northern War
54
–64; decline in political power
61
–4,
93
–4; endurance of provincial authority
113
–14; involvement in religious controversy
118
; in the era of reform
278
; and General Code
281
–2; role in East Prussian upheavals of 1812–13
360
–62; increasingly plutocratic character after 1815
408
–9
Eupen-Malmédy
428
Eylert, Rulemann Friedrich
416
executive structures of the Brandenburg-Prussian state: early consolidation
15
; confessional and political factionalism
14
,
26
–9,
87
; concentration during and after the Northern War of 1655–60
43
–4,
58
,
61
–4; centralizing reforms under Frederick William I
85
–94; limited scope of in early 18th century
111
–14; factionalism in the Napoleonic era
301
–304; efforts to streamline in Napoleonic era
321
–3,
341
–2; limits of reform in same
338
–44; fissures after 1815 facilitate Austrian interference
396
–7,
498
; Cabinet Order of 1852
506
Falkenhayn, Erich von
610
Fäsch, Johann Rudolf
181
Fassmann, David
80
Ferdinand III, Habsburg Emperor
49
Firmian, Archbishop Anton
142
First World War
607
–11; anti-Prussian sentiments in troop contingents
609
; extension of Law of Siege to Empire
609
France: role in the Jülich-Kleve crisis
16
; in Thirty Years War
19
,
139
; as supporter of Brandenburg territorial claims in 1648
48
; as ally and enemy
during reign of Louis XIV
51
–2; as model for administrative reforms
86
,
90
; as model, ally and enemy for Frederick II
111
,
184
–5,
198
–200; impact of Seven Years War on
211
; war scares in 1830 and 1840
394
–5,
396
; news of revolution in 1848
468
; opposes Prussia-led union in 1848–50
499
; mobilization against (1859)
511
; neutral in Austro-Prussian conflict
533
; after Königgrätz
547
–9; Spanish succession crisis
548
–50; war of 1870–71
550
–52; hostility to the German Empire after 1870
553
–4
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
218
Frederick I, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Elector of Brandenburg
4
Frederick I, King in Prussia, formerly Frederick III Elector of Brandenburg
67
–77,
78
,
83
,
84
,
102
–3,
140
–141
Frederick II, ‘the Great’xxv,
19
,
73
,
84
,
98
,
101
; conflict with his father
101
–11; and religion
136
,
217
–19; and the nobility
157
; economic policy
175
–9,
213
–15; personality
183
–90; invasion of Silesia
192
–200; battle tactics
200
–204; and Russia
212
; social policy
213
–14; patriotic enthusiasm for
219
–30; attitude to Poland
233
–9; and the Prussian state
239
–46; as practitioner of enlightenment
252
–5,
282
; and League of Princes
217
,
285
; as model for Napoleon
307
; in Nazi memory
661
,
663
; Hitler’s regard for
662
; fluctuating place in German official memory after 1945
680
,
686
Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony, aka King Augustus III of Poland
192
–3
Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony
310
Frederick Charles, Prince, of Prussia
528
Frederick Henry of Orange, Stadtholder
40
Frederick William, Crown Prince
see
Frederick III, Emperor
Frederick William, ‘the Great Elector’
xxiv
,
322
; consolidation of army and state
38
–66; conflict with his father
101
–2;
120
,
121
–4; confessional foreign policy
139
–40; in Nazi memory
661
Frederick William I, King: and the repudiation of court culture
75
,
78
–84; administrative reform
85
–94,
111
–14,
245
–6; and the grain economy
92
–3; obsession with the military
95
–7; conflict with his son
101
–11; and the Pietists
131
–4; and Salzburg Protestants
141
–4; and the nobility
157
; and relations with Austria
191
–2 in Nazi memory
661
Frederick William II
84
,
267
–9,
280
; and foreign policy
285
–7,
292
–4
Frederick William III: foreign policy in the Napoleonic era
298
–310; public and private persona
314
–20; involvement in reform
312
–14,
318
–20,
325
,
327
,
333
; foreign policy 1809
345
–7; opposes insurrection against French
349
–50,
353
,
354
,
357
–8,
362
; opts for anti-French alliance
362
–3; Wars of Liberation
365
; turn to conservatism
402
–3,
436
; and Poles in Prussia
410
; advocacy of Prussian Church Union
415
–16; conflict with Old Lutheran separatists
417
–19; and evangelization of Jews
425
–6
Frederick William IV
76
,
397
; personality, political outlook
436
–40; attitude to Catholicism
437
–8; ecclesiastical policy
438
; romanticism of
438
–9; quashes liberal speculation
440
–42; popular opposition and caricature
448
–9; opens the United Diet of 1847
460
–61; response to revolution in 1848
471
–2,
474
–5,
476
–7,
479
,
488
–9; commitment to national cause
489
–91,
494
–5,
497
–8,
556
; creates Prussian ‘House of Lords’
560
–61; sympathy with Polish national aspirations
577
Frick, Heinrich
641
Friedrich, Caspar David
383
Friedrichswalde
179
Fuchs, Paul von
52
Füssel, Martin
117
Gastein, Convention of (1865)
532
–3
Gedicke, Lampertus
132
Gedike, Friedrich
249
gender relations: at the Brandenburg court
28
,
76
–7,
83
; among the nobility
169
–71; among peasantry
171
–4; at the court of Frederick II
188
–9; in the Berlin enlightenment
264
; at the court of Frederick William II
267
–8; and the Wars of Liberation
375
,
376
–8
General Law Code (Allgemeines Landrecht of 1794)
242
,
255
,
281
–3,
418
,
427
,
430
Gerhardt, Paul
121
Gerlach, Ernst Ludwig von
571
German Empire, constitution of 1871: place of Prussia in
556
–60; the Prussian monarch in
587
–96
Gersdorff, Rudolf von
669
–70
Gigas, David
121
Glogau
240
Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Neidhardt von
325
,
350
–51,
353
,
373
,
403
,
440
,
661
,
674
Goerres, Joseph
421
Goldbeck, Heinrich Julius von
319
Gossler, Christoph
182
Götzen, Sigismund von
27