In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark (39 page)

Intertribal warfare (on Missouri frontier),
47

Iowa (state): auto tourism (early) along Lewis and Clark route,
96
; county Lewis and Clark trail committees,
151
; DeSoto National Wild Life Refuge,
155
; Floyd gravesite and monument,
101
,
135
,
173(n38)
; Floyd's death near Sioux City,
47
; Lewis and Clark National Trail Commission,
131
; Lewis and Clark Trail Committee of,
145
; Pick-Sloan project,
138
; sesquicentennial,
126
,
136
; vegetation along Missouri River,
45–46

Iron boat,
58

Irving, Washington (author),
8

J. N. “Ding” Darling Foundation,
130–131
,
141
,
149

Jackson, Andrew,
8

Jackson, Donald,
9–11

Jackson, H. Nelson,
91

Jakle, John,
92
,
165

James Kipp State Park,
54
,
103

Jamestown (Virginia),
18

Japanese World War II internees,
104

Jean Baptiste. See Pompey

Jefferson City (Missouri),
44
,
144

Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (St. Louis),
127
,
145–146
,
167

Jefferson peace medal,
46
,
149
,
166

Jefferson River,
156
; confluence at the Three Forks,
59
,
112
; expedition travels along,
60
,
71
,
88
,
112–113
,
152
; and highways,
60
; towns on,
60

Jefferson River Valley,
60

Jefferson, Thomas,
49
,
86
; instructions to Lewis and Clark,
43
; memorial to,
145
; portrayed in pageant,
119–121

Jensen, Ben F.,
130

Jerk Meat (Sacagawea's possible second husband),
22

John Day Dam,
141

Johnson administration,
129

Johnson, Lady Bird,
129

Johnson, Lyndon B.,
130
,
149

Johnson, Walter,
110

Jordan (Montana),
104

Judith Landing,
54

Judith Mountains,
54

Judith River,
54

Kamiah (Idaho): expedition,
84–85
; near Long Camp,
70–71
,
72
,
133
; sesquicentennial,
124
; Wheeler expedition,
84

Kammen, Michael,
26–27
,
30
,
163

Kansas (state),
145

Kansas River,
45

Keck, Charles,
28–29
,
38

Kelley, Hall Jackson,
10

Kennedy, John F.,
129

Kessler, Donna,
20
,
23

Kipp State Park. See James Kipp State Park

Klep, Rolf,
110

Knife River,
50

Koch, Elers,
86–89

Koch, Frederick H.,
114–115
,
117

Kooskia (Idaho),
71
,
103–104

Kootenai (Native American tribe),
123

Kyl, John,
130
,
147
,
150

La Charette (Missouri),
44

La Plata (Maryland),
136

Lake Sakakawea,
52
,
138
,
140
,
149

Lake Sharpe,
138

Lakota (Native American tribe),
48
,
161
. See also Teton Sioux

Lamine River,
44

Lancaster, S. C.,
95

Land sculpture plan. See Graber, Archie M.

Land and Water Conservation Fund Act (1965),
132

Lander (Wyoming),
22

Large, Fred,
180(n5)

Large, Lydia,
109
,
180(n5)

Laurel (Montana),
73

Lawyer Creek,
70–71

Lemhi County (Idaho) fairgrounds,
124

Lemhi Pass: BLM maps area,
148
; expedition crosses,
62
; Gray (Ralph) at,
102
; Peebles locates camp sites,
88
; retracing the route,
168
; Satterfield at,
157

Lemhi River Valley,
102

Lemhi Shoshone. See Shoshone

Lewis and Clark,
96
,
116
,
135
,
147
; buffs,
78
,
152
; call Nez Perce “Choppunish,”
64
; campsites,
60
,
86–89
; at Columbia Gorge,
68
; decision at the Marias River,
55
; elite image of,
10–11
,
163
; encounter with Teton Sioux,
49–50
; folk image of,
10
,
37–38
,
163
; and Headwaters State Park,
113
; interpretive centers,
42
; the land as they had seen it,
87
,
101–102
; Lewis and Clark 1905 Portland exposition,
16–19
; monuments and sculpture,
27–30
,
28
,
31
,
32
,
33–35
,
35
,
37–40
,
39
,
98
; moving upriver from the Great Falls,
97
; meeting with Missouri River Indians,
46–51
,
135
,
139
; naming Medicine (Sun) River,
58
; Native American modern views of,
160–161
; neglect of
in Montana,
34–38
; 1955 Hollywood film about,
108
; nineteenth-century interest in,
8–13
,
18
; as opportunity to Shoshone,
63
; peace medals,
149
; portrayed in pageants,
114
,
121–126
; preparing for journey,
43–44
; related to “progress,”
111
; returning to Nez Perce by land,
70
; and Sacagawea,
20–21
,
23
,
28–30
,
39
; sesquicentennial,
109
; shift in way commemorated,
4–6
; sign logo,
142
; “standard model” public perception of,
2
,
107
; studying Mandan and Hidatsa cultures,
50
,
53
; Wheeler on,
79–80
,
82–83
,
85–86
; Yellepit welcomes,
65

Lewis and Clark at the Portage (sculpture),
38

Lewis and Clark bicentennial,
xi
; binding communities together,
168
; Bodnar on,
162
; guidebooks and preparation for,
6
,
156
; Fort Clatsop replica replaced,
180(n8)
; and Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail,
1–2
,
6
,
38
,
159
,
167
; Native American views of,
161
; public attitudes toward,
167
; public historical consciousness and,
1–2
,
156
; new spirit of cooperation,
162–163

Lewis and Clark campsites: attempts to locate,
78
,
86
,
88
; BLM mapping of,
148
; inundation by Missouri River dams,
6
; restored,
132
; Wheeler and Wright,
60
,
80
,
82
,
84–85

Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park (Montana),
60

Lewis and Clark centennial,
xii
; Helena, Montana's celebration,
20
; honoring national heroes,
2
; popular magazine articles,
10–11
; Portland Lewis and Clark Exposition,
13
; and public interest in expedition,
7
,
10
,
27
,
98–99
; Sewell locating trail for,
86
; Wheeler's book stimulated interest in,
79
. See also Louisiana Purchase Exposition

Lewis and Clark County (Montana),
101
,
112

Lewis and Clark expedition,
xi–xii
; among the Nez Perce,
65
; Astoria Column,
29
; auto tourism and highways,
5–6
,
40
,
78
,
96
,
99
; Biddle-Allen edition of expedition history,
9
; Bitterroot Mountains crossing,
62
,
64–65
; and boosterism,
2
; Clark's group on the Yellowstone River,
71–73
; at Columbia River estuary and mouth,
12
,
69
; commemoration of,
3–5
,
10–11
,
29
,
41–42
,
145–146
; Coues on,
9
; dependence on Indian help,
2
; down the Columbia River,
66–68
; Fort Clatsop winter,
68–69
; Fort Mandan to Shoshone camp,
51–62
; goal of reaching Missouri headwaters,
37
; historical significance,
1
,
19
,
127
,
163
; Hollywood's conception of,
107–108
,
119
; institutionalizing of,
6
; Jackson on,
9
; at Jefferson River canyon,
60
; lack of early interest in,
11
; and Lewis and Clark Memorial Association,
97–99
; Lewis and Clark 1905 Portland exposition,
28
; Long Camp to the Missouri,
71–74
; map of route,
42–43
; Marias incident,
74
; meeting with Cameahwait's band,
62–63
; mythical fame,
9
; Native American objections to (modern),
161
; obtaining horses,
53
; Pompey accompanies,
51
; portage at the Great Falls,
57–58
; portrayed in pageant,
114–115
; presentation of
5–6
; and “progress,”
111
; public attitudes toward,
xi
,
2
,
38
,
40
,
112
; public memory and national history,
3–4
; return down Missouri River,
74–75
; return from Pacific coast to the Bitterroots,
69–71
; reunion near mouth of Little Missouri River,
75
; Russell painting,
40
; and Sacagawea,
2
,
21–22
,
51
; from St. Louis to Fort Mandan,
44–50
; sesquicentennial,
38
,
107
,
160
; sites altered or destroyed,
135
; splitting company on return journey,
73–74
; Teton Sioux encounter,
48–49
; troublesome
plants,
54
; Wheeler on,
9
,
78–79
; White Cliffs,
54
; Yellowstone and Missouri rivers confluence,
52
. See also Corps of Discovery

Lewis and Clark Festival Association (Oregon),
147–148

Lewis and Clark 50th anniversary,
7

Lewis and Clark Highway. See Lewis-Clark Highway

Lewis and Clark Historical Canoe Trail,
136

Lewis and Clark Hotel (Lewiston, Idaho),
112
,
116

Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center (Great Falls, Montana),
167

The Lewis and Clark Journal (quarterly publication),
151

Lewis and Clark journals,
9
; Biddle-Allen history based on,
12–13
,
21
; Clark on Columbia River Long Narrows and mouth,
67–68
; Clark on “Council Bluffs” site,
46
; Clark on Lolo Trail,
64
,
83
; Clark on Platte River,
46
; Clark on seeing Pacific Ocean,
68
; Clark on Teton Sioux,
160
; Clark on White Bear Island,
58
; Coues edition of Biddle-Allen history,
9
,
12–13
,
81
; developing elite image,
11
; and Fort Clatsop replica,
110
; Freeman on,
136
; Gass journal,
20
,
88
; Gray (Ralph) on,
101
; highways and Lewis and Clark Trail reconstruction,
166
; and historical authenticity,
164
; landscape and vegetation mentioned in,
41–45
,
54
,
136
; Lewis and Clark Centennial,
99
; Lewis and Clark 1905 Portland exposition,
18
; Lewis on Bitterroot Mountains,
61
; Lewis on Gates of the Mountains,
59
; Lewis on Great Falls of the Missouri,
57
; Lewis on Touchet River,
70
, Lewis on White Cliffs,
54
; and pageants,
119–122
; Peebles on,
88
; public interest in,
99
; and sesquicentennial,
40
,
110–111
,
119–122
; and sites affected or destroyed,
140
; Thwaites edition of,
10
,
88
; tourism and highways,
42
,
78–79
,
140
; Wheeler on,
79
,
81
,
85–86
; Whitehouse journal,
88
; Yates on,
133

Lewis and Clark Memorial Association (1929),
37–38
,
97–99

Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail (1978),
xi–xii
,
6–7
,
11
,
112–113
,
167
; auto journeys along,
156
,
162
,
166–168
; and auto tourism,
78
; campaign for,
126–127
,
133
,
141
,
155–156

Lewis and Clark National Trail Commission (1964),
xii
,
6
; authorized by Public Law
88-630
,
130
; as clearinghouse for information,
131
; continuous Lewis and Clark highway,
142
; difficulties in interpreting trail,
137
; funding,
137
,
185(n62)
; interim report,
144
; road access and marking,
138–143